专题02阅读理解主旨题推断题-江苏省高考英语考前30天提分练

专题02阅读理解主旨题&推断题

英语高考卷中阅读理解占总分的大约1/4,所占比重居各题型之首，是“重中之重”，此部分的得分直接决定

了整个试卷的分数层次，可谓“得阅读者得天下从选材来看，阅读理解选材广，包含社会生活的各方面；

从题型来看，阅读理解主要考察细节题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。

一、主旨大意题

解题技法：

正确选项特征干扰选项特征

所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述

内容。

所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文

1.涵盖性强,覆成全义或

章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内

全段，

容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的.主要观

2.确定的范围恰当，既不

点。

太大，也不太小。

所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内

3.精确性强，不会改变语

容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。

言表意的程度及色彩。

所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但

经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文

章的内容亳无联系。

例题1：

GoodMorningBritciinsSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheis

cookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatight

budget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.And(heGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam.14.Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,“she

explains.pay£5foraportionL份)，butMattmakesthemfbr26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,

sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethis

foodourselves.”

Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeach

week.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.

Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFilbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess

【答案】D

【解析】标题归纳题。本文介绍了由Susanna主持的一档新的节目GoodMorningBritain,节目中她向观

众展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味的营养餐，该节目可以让观众花最少的钱却仍可以品尝美食。对

这一内容进行浓缩提炼和概括，CookingWellforLess作为最佳标题贴切到位，故选Do

例题2：

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscoining

andalotmoregoing.When(heworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groups

developedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,0(K)years

ago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12.000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagesloo

becamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedcvclopinentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,

SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzones

havelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa

2.400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.The

mediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000.whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenby

fewerpeople(hanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderly

speakersleft.Pick,alrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),Lipan

ApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseems

(ohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarcreflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。全文的角度去分析，本文是一篇科教类阅读，文章讲述的是语言的演变与发展。语

言已经有千百年的历史，不断地产生，发展和消失。但最近语言的发展出现了新趋势，新出现的语言越来

越少，而消失地越来越多。同时伴随着社会和工业化的发展，语言消失地越来越快。故选C。

例题3:

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloser

(oitsgoalofsellingtheHyingcarwithin(henextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,four

wheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewatL400feetforeight

minuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontank

ofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

【答案】A

【解析】段落大意题。根据"TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreach

around70milesperhourontheroadand115inthefliesusinga23-gailontankofgasandbums5gallons

perhourintheair.w可知，第一段讲述的是过渡时期的一些基本数据。故选A。

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition'sFistFlight

C.Pilots'DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality

【答案】D

【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章描述可知，飞行汽车己经不仅仅是一种想象了，而是现实中客观存在的，

目前正在进行一系列的测试，所以说飞车离现实更近了。故选D。

例题4

Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Most

negativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthat

wedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare,themorelikelywe

arctomovetowardstheobjectofourangcr.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:the

angrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.This

approach-and-confrontbehaviorisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasynimetry(不对称)ofEEG

activity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardsthe

individualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedto

therightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceof(heanger-inspiringsituation.

()64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?

A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.

C.Bchavioralresponsestoanger.D.Behavioralpatternsofanger.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据该段的前两句话中的approachbehav沁r和avoidancebehavior可知最后一段就

是描述了人们在愤怒时的不同表现形式，所以答案为D项。

二、推理判断题

解题策略；

1.推断隐含意义

做这类推理题时，要注意以下几点：首先，一定要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足己知，推断

未知；其次，要全面分析已知信息，进行深层处理，不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；最后，答案一

般要依靠合理推理得出，而不能只选择文章中直接表述的信息为答案。

即：(1)全面分析(2)忠实原文(3)不要选择表层信息

2.推断态度和观点作者的态度、观点、意图

往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，考生应学会揣测和体会。在推断过程中，应

特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外

之音。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

说明文中作者态度有：(1)objective客观的(2)neutrala中立的

以论文中作者的态度有:(1)positive积极的(2)negative消极的(3)neutral中立的(4)approval

赞成的

(5)disapproval不赞成的(6)indifferent漠不关心的(7)ironic讽刺的(8)critical批评的

（9）optimistic乐观的（10）pessimistic悲观的

3.推断写作目的

推测作者的写作H的，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安

排。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者（t。entertain）；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务（t。

persuade）；议论文的目的是要阐述论点（t。argue）；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助

大家广闻博见（I。inform）4.推断文章出处

4.推断人物性格

做这类题时一定要注意准确把握字里行间的意思，特别是要注意表达情感色彩、主观态度和个人观点

的词语对推断人物性格的主导作用。

5.推算数据

解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础匕

运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。

例题1：

InGreece,inA【hens（雅典）,alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenians

willinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffree

menlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbe

verypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedescrt.ThcAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhe

coulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.lbmakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwas

freedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.Eachonefeltresponsibleforthe

welfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhis

safety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrol

（hemselvesandwouldlakeresponsibilityforthestate.

（）2.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho.

A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.seekgainsastheirprimaryobject

C.hehavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知，古希腊人的自由在于自觉遵守已经通过的书面法律和非书面法律,

他们靠飞。住811小。肥（1”来获取自由,由此可推出信仰自由的人应该是那些遵守法律和价值体系的人,故选C

项。

例题2：

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.ltcannotbediscoveredoncefbrall.Ifpeopledonot

prizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.ltwasachangethattookplacewithout

beingnoticedthoughitwasofiheextremeimportancesspiritualchangewhichaffecied(hewholestate.Ithadbeen

theAthenian'sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheir

mir.ds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidher

citizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,:hcstatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeople

wantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthcm;andwiththisastheprimary

object,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswas

moreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarightto

share.

()3.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?

A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.

B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.

C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.

D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句"...responsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.M

可知A项正确。

例题3：

LetmetellyouaboutyourChinesegrandmother.SomewhereinHongKong,inthelatefifties,ayoungwaitress

foundherselfpregnant(怀孕)byaccok,probablyaco-workeratherrestaurant.Shecarriedthebabytoterm,suffered

togiveitbirth,andkeptthelittlegirlforthefirstthreemonthsofherlife.Iliketothinkthatmymother——your

grandmother-lovedmeandfoughttoraisemeonherown,butthatthedailystrugglewastoohard.Worndownby

thedemandsofthenewbabyandperhapstheconstantthreatofstarvation,shemadethepainfuldecisiontogive

awayhergirlsothatbothofusmighthaveachanceforabetterlife.

()66.HowdocsMommyfeelaboutherbeinggivenaway?

A.Itisbitteranddisappointing.B.Itispainfulbutunderstandable.

C.Shcfeelssorrybutsympathetic.D.Shefeelshurtandangry.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。从文章第二段中的Worndownbythedemandsofthenewbabyandperhapsthe

constantthreatofstarvation,shemadethepainfuldecisiontogiveawayhergirlsothatbothofusmight

haveachanceforabetterlife.可以看出,Mommy认为这是一个painfulbutunderstandable的决定。

例题4：

BeforeIwastwo,lwasadoptedbyanAnglocouple.Fedthreesquaremealsaday,Igrewlikeawildweedand

graspedailtheopportunitiestheyhadtooffer-booksjnusic,education,churchlifeandcommunityactivities.Ina

fair.ilyofbluc-cycdblonds.thoughjstoodoutlikeasorethumb.Whetherfromjealousyorfearofsomeonewho

lookedsodifferent,myolderbrotherssometimesteasedmeaboutmyunpleasingskin,ormadefunofmyclumsy

walk.Moodyandimpatient.burdenedbyfearsthatnoneofusrealizedresultedfrommyearlyyearsofneed.Iwas

notaneasychildtolove.MymotherandIconflictedcountlesstimesovertheyears,butgraduallycametoseeone

anotherasrealhumanbeingswithfaultsandtalents,andaswomenofstrengthinourownright.Lackingamirror

imageinthemotherwhoraisedme,Ihadtoseekmyidentityasawomanonmyown.TheAsianAmerican

communityhashelpedmeregainmydoubleidentity.

()68.WhatcanbeinferredfromMommy'sAnglofamilylife?

A.Sheusedtoexperienceanidentitycrisis.B.ShefoughtagainstherAmericanidentity.

C.Sheforgotthepainsofherearlyyears.D.ShekeptherloveforAsiafromchildhood.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。从文章的第五段的描述中可以看出，作者经历了身份危机,因此选A。B项的错误在于

她不是为反对她的美国身份而斗争。C项错误是因为她并没有忘记早期的痛苦。D项是无关信息。

例题5：

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,most

strangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwas

evolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhave

surfacedtoescapeaprcdalor(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasan

abundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,by

contrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.In

theJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator-andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasa

result.

()64.Rothschildmighthaveconcluded(hatichthyosaurs

A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeans

B.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebends

C.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles

D.evolvedananti-decompressionireansbutsoonlostit

【答案】A

【解析】第五段第一句表明；如果鱼龙的确曾进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能，那么这种进化一定会发展很

快。但是，最为奇特的是，他们后来却失去了这一机能。因此布鲁斯•罗斯采尔德可能得出结论：鱼龙进化没

有得到一种抗减压病机能。故选A。

例题6：

AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesand

villagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyarconceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatarcoften

justasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.

Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenona

lifesavingrole.LocalorganizationscanadoptthemforIpound,andinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.

60.Thephoneboxesarebecomingpopularmainlybecauseof.

A.(heirnewappearanceandlowerpricesB.thepushofthelocalorganizations

C.theirchangedrolesandfunctionsD.(hebigfundingofthebusinessmen

【答案】C

【解析】定位到第五段，"repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefound

newusesforthemM以及尾句“playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheir

originalpurpose”这一句点明了电话亭重新出现在城市中是因为人们发现了它的新的用途，现在的角色是

与原来的目的不一样的；接着第六、七两段举例电话亭在农村地区，充当着救生的角色；另外，商人们也

发现了电话亭的商机，将它作为一个迷你工作室C这些都表明十电话亭的重新出现的原因在于它改变了原

本的功能。故选C。B,D都是例子中的单个作用，比较片面。A项不符合原文。

例题7：

Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.

Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthese

genesproduceproteins（蛋白质）thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin（胰岛素）levelsthroughout

（hebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemen

hadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.

Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskip

eatingfirst.

64.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?

A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.

B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.

C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.

D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.

【答案】D

【解析】根据文章的开头、结尾诙段总结可知，不吃早饭运动比吃早饭运功，更加有益于身体健康，选D。

例题8：

We,veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,

deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehaviorsinpublicplaces.

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.

【答案】D

【解析】该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎

于令人不自在的沉默中，从中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故选择C项。

例题9：

Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider...,andonandonthey

appear.Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystem

discoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.The

seconddrawerbegantofillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutthere,notjust

species,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerfbr

thesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.

68.Whatwastheauthor'sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?

A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.

C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。A选项sortout是整理分类的意思。Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnew

species,newmonkey,newspider...,andonandontheyappear。通过这句可以推断出是作者对新发现的整理。

Collect和sortout有相近的意思。故选A。

例题10：

[l]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.These

colourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarchighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberries

containalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularly

highinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoids

wetumintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asfbrcherries（樱桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarcrichinvitaminC.

13JWhencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbasefbrthick,

coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuch

sweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze,ifyoulike,asqueezeoffresh

lemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingon

theirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.

[4]Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa

“soR-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafiinactivityfbrachildren,sparty;theylove

feedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.

27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

【答案】B

【解析】本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。

例题11:

Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersarc

unlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.

Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasinthe

ecosystems（生态系统），smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNational

YoungFarmersCoalition（NYFC,美国青年农会）andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattothe

innovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

61.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.

A.theprogressmadeincarindustryB.aspecialfeatureofagriculture

C.atrendofdevelopmentinagricultureD.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段"Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcar

companies.Butinagriculture*smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.小型汽车制造商不太

可能击败大型汽车公司.但在农业方面，小农户可以从主要参与者那里获得最好的收益.”可知作者在文章

的开头提到了汽车工业，介绍了农业的一个特点.故选B.

【训练强化】

Atpresent,animated（动画）filmsarepopularwithus.Mostofthemrelyheavilyoncomputertechnology.But

thismagicalworld—wherewitches（魔法师）castspellsandcastlesfloatinthesky—isbroughttolifebyhand,

Nevertheless,HayaoMiyazakiisreferredtoasJapan'sWaltDisneyandconsideredbymanytobetheworld's

greatestlivinganimator.

Thismonth,the72-year-oldMiyazakiannouncedhisretirement.TheJapaneseanimatorhasdirected11

animatedfull-lengthfilmsoverthepastfourdecades,includingtheOscar-winningSpiritedAway（《千与千寻》）

andhislatestrelease,TheWindRises（《起风了》）,whichtellsthelifestoryofamanwhodesignedJapaneseWorld

WarIIfighterplanes.

JustasTheWindRisesshows,Miyazakiiswell-knownforhisobsessionwithflight,especiallyhumanflight.

OtherattractiveaspectsofMiyazaki'sfilmsincludehisthemesofenvironmentalprotectionandthehorrorsofwar.

Miyazaki'sworkisalsofamousfbritslackofclearlydefinedgoodandevilcharacters.Heseesthe21stcenturyas

acomplextimewhenoldstandardsneedtobere-examined.

Asastoryteller,heisaninventoroffairytalesfullofmystery.In（heMiyazakianuniverse,wizards（巫师）turn

intobirdsofprey;younggirlsaretransformedovernightinto90-year-oldwomen;greedyparentsarechangedinto

pigs;andshootingstarsbecomefiredemons（恶魔）.

PeopleattributeMiyazaki'ssuccesstohislongpursuitofhishand-drawntechnique,althoughinaninterview

withCNNhecalledhimselfan“extinctspecies”intheageofdigitalanimation.

ArecenttelevisiondocumentaryonthemakingofTheWindRisesshowedadisappointedMiyazakithrowinga

pileofdrawingsintothetrash.Heissaidtohaveredrawnthousandsofframesofthemuch-praisedPrincess

Mononoke（《幽灵公主》）whentheydidnotmeethisstandards.

Buthishugeatteniion（odetailhasearnedhim（herespectoftheentireanimatedfilmworld.EvenJohnLasseter—

headofPixar,（hefamousUScomputeranimationstudio—oncecalledMiyazaki“oneofthegreatestfilminakers

ofourtime”.

1.WhatcanwcknowaboutMiyazaki'sfilmTheWindRises?

A.Itwasputonalongtimeago.

B.Miyaznkiwasonceunsatisfiedwithsomeofthedrawings.

C.Itdescribesenvironmentalproteclion.

D.ItisanOscar-winningfilm.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obsession“meaninparagraph3?

A.Hatred.B.Enthusiasm.C.Envy.D.Sympathy.

3.WhatmakesMiyazakicamtherespectoftheentireanimatedfilmworld?

A.Hisemphasisondetail.

B.Hispursuitofthehand-drawntechnique.

C.Hisdependenceoncomputertechnology.

D.Hisdefinitionofgoodandevilcharacters.

【答案】l.B2.B3.A

【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了日本即将退役的著名动画制作人Miyazaki（宫崎骏）。

[1题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“ArecenttelevisiondocumentaryonthemakingofTheWind

RisesshowedadisappointedMiyazakithrowingapileofdrawingsintothetrash.（一个关于制作TheWind

Kises的纪录片里，Miyazaki把一堆画扔在垃圾桶。）”可推知，Miyaznki在制作电影《起风了》时曾经对

一些画不满意，故选B。

【2题详解】词义猜测题。A.Haired讨厌的；B.Enthusiasm热情的；C.Envy嫉妒的；D.Sympathy同情

的。根据上段“TheWindRises（《起风了》）,whichtellsthelifestoryofamanwhodesignedJapaneseWorld

WarIIfighterplanes.（《起风了》讲述的是一个在日本二战中设计战斗机的男人的生活故事。）”，故推

知Miyazaki因对飞行的热情而有名，故选B。

【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句"Buthishugeattentiontodetailhasearnedhimtherespectof

theentireanimatedfilmworld.（但他对细节的高度关注为他赢得了整个动画电影界的尊敬）”可知，让他获得

整个动画电影界尊重的是他对细节的关注。故选A。

LukeGrenfell-Shawhadarareformofcancer.Itstartedasapaininhisshoulderandihetumourspreadtohis

lungs,makingitstagefour.TheOxfordgraduatewasteachingEnglishinSiberiawhenhesufferedashoulderpain

andsawtheschoolnurse.ItwasherreactiontoalumponhisbackthatsenthimbackhometoBristolUIwas24

yearsold.Ihaddoneanultramarathon."Lukesaid.48hourslater.IwasbackinhospitalintheUK."On19June

2018,doctorstoldLukethathehadcanccr.

“Ihadkindofworkedoutthatitwascancer,butwhatkindofblew