定语从句课件-初高中英语衔接语法复习专项

Grammar3

定语从句ILearningObjectives【学习目标】：能够识记引导定语从句的基本构成形式及在句子当中的标志性用法。能够在具体语境中正确选用引导定语从句的关系词。【学习重点】：熟记关系代词用法几种情况并能在新语境中正确选用定语从句的关系词。【学习难点】：结合具体情况，能熟练定语从句。复合句中英语句子成分的位置（以谓语动词为参考物）

谓语前的句子成分：

谓语（vt.）后的句子成分：

系动词后的句子成分：

本身表时间，地点，原因，方式的：名词前的句子成分：主语

宾语表语定语

（......的）

状语Review：SimpleSentencesPreview--划出下列句子中的定语成分①Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholic酒精的drinksarefreeofthetax税.②Throughouthercareerasaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK.③Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.④Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime⑤Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.n./过去分词/adj.作定语介短

作后定

pron./prep.作定语pron./不定式/pron./现在分词

作定语从句作定语LeadinWhatisattributiveclause

(定语从句)？1.Anearthquake,whichcausedgreatdamage,brokeoutinTangshan.2.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredwasmorethan400,000.一场导致损失惨重的地震在唐山爆发。伤亡的人数超过四十万。定语从句本质上和_______是一样的，用来修饰限定______。形容词

名词

定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause

限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause

非限制性定语从句PresentationAnearthquake,whichcausedgreatdamage,brokeoutinTangshan.句子：主句+从句先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)连接词连接主从句代替先行词充当从句成分Whatisattributiveclause

(定语从句)？Presentation连接词关系代词关系副词that,which,who,whom(谁),whose(谁的)when,where,why原则：当定语从句缺主干成分,用关系代词

当定语从句不缺主干成分,用关系副词关系代词that1that

既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作_________________，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用____________替代，指物多用____________替代。主语、宾语或表语Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)who,whomwhich关系代词which2which指________，在定语从句中作____________，作宾语时可省略。物定语从句主语Therewerehugecrackswhichcutacrossroadsandhouses.道路和房屋上都有巨大的裂缝。Housesandfactorieswhichpeoplebuiltlayinruins.人们建造的房屋和工厂成了废墟。定语从句宾语主语，宾语关系代词who3who指人，在定语从句中可以充当____________________。主语、宾语定语从句主语定语从句宾语Thechildren

whowereinjuredinthecaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Dannywastheman

whowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。关系代词whose4whose既可以指_____，也可以指_____，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作____________。人定语从句定语定语从句Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。定语定语物关系代词whom5whom指人，在定语从句中作_______，可省略，也可用______代替,宾语定语从句宾语定语从句宾语Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierbywhomshewasrescued.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。who但在介词后面则不能省略，也不能用who代替。Summary关系代词先行词（人/物）从句中充当什么成分？whowhichthatwhosewhom人主语/宾语/表语物主语/宾语物/人主语/宾语/表语物/人定语人宾语做宾语可省略【典例1】找出下列句子的先行词和连接词1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Twothirdsofpeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.裂缝，指物供给物资，指物建筑师如何选择准确的关系代词Step1Step3Step21.找准___________2.判断先行词是指人还是指物3.

把先行词带进从句中，判断

从句缺什么成分先行词如何选择准确的关系代词Thereweresomesmellygas___________cameoutofthewells.somesmellygascameoutofthewells.关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whosewhich/that先行词指物缺主语如何选择准确的关系代词Sheislookingforaman_______istall,richandhandsome.Themanistall,richandhandsome.关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whosewho先行词指人缺主语如何选择准确的关系代词Heistheman______________shehasbeenlookingfor.shehasbeenlookingforaman.关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whosewho/whom先行词指人缺宾语Presentation连接词关系代词关系副词that,which,who,whom(谁),whose(谁的)when,where,why原则：当定语从句缺主干成分,用关系代词

当定语从句不缺主干成分,用关系副词关系代词关系副词：修饰状语成分介短Withyourhelp,不定式从句Althoughheisold,分词Iamsittinginthesofa,Review：什么是状语？哪些词/句可做状语？副词Theylivehappily.wecanmakeourdreamscometrue.Hecametomyhouseheisstrong.toborrowabook.watchingamovie.

关系副词when1Thatwastheday

when

ittooksixhourstocomplete.在那一天，我花了六个小时完成了。when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,如“time时代，时间”，morning,day,week,month,year，date,moment等，在定语从句中作__________,相当于_________。还原从句：Ittookonlysixhourstocomplete

ontheday.when=onwhich时间状语介词+which

[Practise](1)I’llneverforgettheday_________Ilivedinthemountains.(2)I’llneverforgettheday_________Ispentinthemountains.whenwhich/thatvi.

关系副词where2Thewavessooncarriedmetoanarea

wheretheotherfishermenwerethere.海浪很快就把我带到了其他渔民所在的区域。where

引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作____

___,相当于___。除地点名词外，where还可用于抽象地点名词，如：situation(环境),stage(阶段),point(地步),case(情况),position(境地),condition(条件),occasion(场合),activity,atmosphere(氛围),spot(地点)E.g.Theyhavereachedthe

point

wheretheyhavetobreakupwitheachother.还原从句：Theotherfishermenwerethereinthearea.where=inwhich地点状语介+which

关系副词why1Thereason

why

I’mheretotellthestory

isthatImadetherightdecision.我之所以在这里讲述这个故事，是因为我做出了正确的决定。why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,在从句中作__________,相当于___________。还原从句：I’mheretotellthestoryforthereason.why=forwhich[Practise](1)Thisisthereason_______hewaslate.(2)Thisisthereason_______hetoldusforhisbeinglate.whywhich原因状语“for+which”关系副词用法when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“in/at/on/during...＋which”where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“in/at/on/from...＋which”why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”Summary【典例2】Practise①Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere

theycangainvaluableexperience.学生应该参与社团活动，在活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。②Doyouknowthereasonwhy

hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday？你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？③ThecityofCanberra堪培拉datesbackto1913when

itwasbuilt

tobethecapitalofthenationofAustralia.堪培拉市的历史可以追溯到1913年，当时它被建造为澳大利亚的首都。【训练检测】Practise①TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumesthat/which

aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.②Thefishwhich/that__Ibroughtthismorningwerenotfresh.③Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

who/that

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.④Thehotel_where_westayedwasveryclean.⑤Therearemanyreasons_why_Englishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld.【训练检测】Practise⑥1953wastheyear_when_XinhuaZidian,ortheNewChineseDictionary,firstcameout.⑦Thechildrenwhose_parentscouldnotbefoundwerelookedafterbyneighboursandfriends.⑧TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawomanwhosefamilysurvivedtheearthquake.⑨Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricksthat/whichcoveredtheground.⑩Weneedtohelpthepeoplewhohave