人教版(新教材)高中英语选修1Unit 1 People of Achievement课时作业4：Reading and thinking

人教版(新教材)高中英语选择性必修第一册PAGEPAGE1Unit1PeopleofAchievementReadingandthinking一、单词拼写1.be____(极其重要的)toone’slife2.________(学术的)career3.________(客观的)fact4.a__________(坚定的)andpatientscientist5.a______(至关重要的)newtreatment6.traditional________(植物学的)treatments7._______(有区别的)featuresfrom...8._______(分析)themedicaltexts9.________(科学的)research10.________(评价)theresultoftheexperiment11.____(煮开)thewater12.theirmedical_________(特征)13.______approval(得到认可)14._________________(承认失败)

15.__________opposite(明显地相反)二、课文概要填空TuYouyou____________(被授予)theprizeforherresearchwhich_____(导致)thediscoveryofartemisinin.TuwasborninNingbo,andsheledaprojecttodiscoveranewtreatmentformalaria.________(因为)herpersistenceandinspiration,herteamgainedanoutstandingresultwhich____________(被认为是)oneofthemostimportantcontributionstothedevelopmentofhuman.三、阅读理解NATUREhasmanywaysofremindinguswhoisincharge.Hermostdeadlyweapons–bacteria,viruses,andparasites(寄生虫)–claimmillionsofliveseveryyear.Butthankstothehardworkofgreatscientists,mankindcouldturnnatureagainstitself.AnditisforexactlythissortofworkthattheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonOct5.HalfoftheprizewasawardedtotheIrishWilliamCampbellandtheJapaneseSatoshiŌmurafordiscoveringavermectin(阿维菌素),adrugthatkillstheparasiticwormsthatcauseriverblindnessandlymphaticfilariasis(象皮病).ChinesescientistTuYouyousharedtheotherhalfoftheprizefordevelopingArtemisinin,adrugthathelpskilltheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Ōmuraisamicrobiologistbytraining.HestudiedStreptomycesbacteriatofindcompounds(化合物)thatworkagainstharmfulmicrobes(微生物).Campbell,workingintheUS,tookbacteriafoundbyŌmuraandtookoutavermectin,whichiseffectiveagainstparasitesinfarmanimals.Animprovedtypeofavermectinwaslaterproducedforhumans,whichgreatlyreducedthecasesofriverblindnessandlymphaticfilariasis.Avermectincomesfrombacteria,butartemisinincomesfromplants.ItsdiscoverywastheresultofProject523,aChinesegovernmentprojecttofindanewmalariadruginthelate1960s.Malariaisamosquito-bornediseasecausedbyparasites,whichattackredbloodcells,causingfever,andsometimes,braindamageanddeath.Tuandherteammade380herbalextractsfrom2,000recipesfromtraditionalChinesemedicalbooks.In1971,aftermorethan190failures,Tu’steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100percenteffectiveagainstmalariaparasites.Itwascalledqinghaosu,laterrenamedartemisinin.In2001,theWorldHealthOrganizationnamedartemisininthefirstchoiceinthetreatmentofmalaria.Millionsofpeoplearestilltroubledbyinfectionscausedbyparasites.ButtheWHOsaidthatby2013,malariadeathshadfallenby47percentcomparedwith2000.Similarly,riverblindnessusedtobeoneoftheleadingcausesofpreventableblindness.Thesedays,doctorsaretalkingaboutchancesofwipingthediseaseoffEarth.AlloftheseachievementswouldnotbepossibleatallwithoutthedrugsthatCampbell,ŌmuraandTuhelpedtodiscover.ThedrugTuYouyoudeveloped,artemisinin,hasproveneffectiveintreating______.A.riverblindnessB.malariaC.lymphaticfilariasisD.infectionscausedbyStreptomycesbacteria2.Avermectin,discoveredbyCampbellandŌmura,comesfrom______.A.bacteriaB.plantsC.farmanimalsD.oceananimals3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthediscoveryofartemisinin?A.IttookTuandherteamabout10yearstodiscoverartemisinin.B.Tuandherteamachievedsuccessafterabout380failures.C.Artemisininhassavedmillionsofpeople’slivessinceitsdiscovery.D.Artemisininwasdiscoveredthankstotheeffortsofscientistsfromathomeandabroad.

〖〖答案〗〖解析〗〗一、单词拼写1.vital2.academic3.objective4.committed5.crucial6.botanical7.distinct8.analyse9.scientific10.evaluate11.boil12.properties13.obtain14.acknowledgedefeat15.apparently二、课文概要填空wasawarded;ledto;becauseof;wasregardedas三、阅读理解1.〖答案〗B〖解析〗根据第三段最后一句可知。ChinesescientistTuYouyousharedtheotherhalfoftheprizefordevelopingArtemisinin,adrugthathelpskilltheparasitethatcauses