英美概况教案

LectureOne

TheCountryandPeople(I)

Thefocusofteaching:theCountry

Teachingaim:letthestudentsknowthegeneralknowledgeofBritish

geographyandnaturalresources.

Teachingstyle:instructionandgroupdiscussion.

Teachingprocedure:

A.warming-upexercises

B.GeneralintroductiontoGreatBritainanditsnaturalconditionsby

PowerPoint;

C.Discussionontheassignment;

D.Assignmentoninformation-gathering

A.warming-upexercises

a.Geographicalnames:theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.

b.Officialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

c.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain(thelargerone)and

Ireland,andhundredsofsmallones.

d,BritishIsles

e.Britain

f.GreatBritain

LectureOneTheCountryandPeople(I)

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TheCountry

I.TheLocation

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandissituatedinWesternEurope

andisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDoverand

theEnglishChannel.ItliesbetweentheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea.Tothe

westofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.Itisaninsular(海岛

的、岛国的)country.Itisoneofthecountrieswithlongestcoastline.Itscoastlineruns

12,429km.TheneighboringcountriesofBritainincludeFrance,Holland,Germany,

Denmark,Norway,Belgium,theIrishRepublic,andtheIceland(8countries).The

mainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes(纬度)49°Nand59°N(theShetlandIslandsreachto

nearly61°N),andlongitudes(经度)8°Wto2°E.TheStraitsofDoverbetweenFrance

andEnglandisquitenarrowanditis33kmacross*In1985theBritishgovernmentand

theFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnelundertheStraitsofDoverso

thatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.Thischanneltunnelwas

openedtotrafficinMay1994aftereightyearshardwork.

II.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.

Englandisdividedintoninegovernmentalregions.

1)England

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EnglandoccupiesthesouthernpartofGreatBritainandisimportantpartoftheKingdom

inwealth,size,andpopulation.Ithasanareaofmorethan130,000squarekilometersand

ittakesupnearly60%ofthewholeisland.Thewestandsouthwestisaplateau,with

rollingplain,downsandmoors.Thewestcoastisdeeplyindented.Theysupplymany

splendidharborsforships.Thesouthcoastisfairlystraight,alineoflowcliffsbackedby

rollingdown.LondonisCapitalofEnglandandBritain.LondonistheCapitalof

Britain

AstheUKwasgreatlyinfluencedbydifferentinvaders,ithasvariousstylesinbuilding,

languageandfood.InsomesmalltownsfirstbuiltbytheRomans,youwillfindsome

historicalattractions,whereyoucanlearnsomethingaboutBritishculture.Londonisthe

greatesthistoricaltreasureofallthecities.Therearevariousmuseums,artcollections,

theatres,andbuildingsthere.

2)Scotland

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ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Itretaineditsownparliamentuntil1707,when,

bytheActofUnion,ScotlandandtheKingdomofEnglandandWaleswere

constitutionallyjoinedastheKingdomofGreatBritain.

InScotlandtherearethreenaturalzones:TheHighlandsinthenorth,thecentral

LowlandsandthesouthernUplands.Scotlandhasanareaof78,760squarekilometers,

lesslhan30%ofthewholeisland,withapopulationofmorethan5million»lessthan

one-tenthofthetotalpopulation.Ithasagoodnumberofmountainsandislands.

Thereare800islandswhichcontainHebrides,ShetlandandOrkneyislands.

EdinburghisthecapitalofScotland.

3)Wales

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WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain,hhasanareaof20,761squarekilometers,lessthan

9%ofthewholeislandwhileitspopulation,about2.7million,doesnotexceed5%ofthe

whole.MostofWalesismountainous.Thehillsrisesteeplyfromtheseaandratherflat

ontop.6%ofWalesiscoveredwithforestandmuchofthecountryispasturelandfbr

sheepandcattle.WalesunitedEnglandin14thcentury.ThecapitalofWalesisCardiff.

4)NorthernIreland

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NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.IttakesupthenorthernfifthofIreland.It

hasanareaof14,147squarekilometers,populationofoneandahalfmillion,about

one-thirdofthemareRomanCatholics.Itismadeupofsixcountiesthatconsistoffertile,

drumlin［vdrAmlin］鼓丘countrysurroundingLoughNeagh.Belfastisthecapitalof

NorthernIreland.

5）Ireland

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Theother26Irishcountiesobtainedautonomyin1921.Irish,oftencalledErse[o:s]

爱尔兰,isaformofGaelic.BenNevis（本尼维斯山）isthehighestmountaininBritain

（1,343m）,Snowdonia（斯诺多尼亚）isthehighestmountaininWales,（1,085m）

III.ClimateandWeather

BritainisanislandcountryandthesurroundingseagivesEnglandavariedclimate.

Peopleneverknowwhattheweatherwillbelikefromonedaytotheother.Itcanbe

sunnyonedayandrainythenext.AsBritainhassuchavariableclimatechangingfrom

fromdaytoday,itisdifficulttopredicttheweather.Changeableandunpredictableare

thetwowordsthatcometomindwhenspeakingofitsclimate.Britainhasa

maritime[rm2eritaim]（海洋）climate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoo

hot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevaries

withinasmallrange.

Britainisinthetemperateclimatezoneanddoesnothaveextremesoftemperatureor

rainfall.TheGulfStream,alargeAtlanticOceancurrentofwarmwaterfromtheGulfof

Mexico,keepswintersquitemildwhilstduringsummertime,warmbutnotexcessively

hottemperaturesareexperienced.

ThefactorsinfluencetheclimateinBritain:

a)Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatinguptheland

inwinterandcoolingitoffinsummer;

b)Theprevailingsouth-westwindsortheWesterliesblowoverthecountryalltheyear

roundbringingwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepingthetemperaturesmoderate;

c)TheNorthAtlanticDriftpassesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.

Theislandissmallcomparedwiththeotherlandmassesinthenorthernhemisphere-

henceBritainismoreinfluencedbytheoceancomparedwithotherEuropeancountries,

andtheGulfStream(墨西哥湾流)(awarmcurrentofthenorthernAtlanticOcean)

helpstokeepwintersmildercomparedwithotherlandlockednationswithasimilar

latitude.

PrecipitationalsovariesthroughoutBritain.WesternBritain,particularlythepartson

higherground,receivesconsiderablerainfall.Mostofthisisfrontalrainfallbutthereis

alsoreliefrainfallduetothemountainssuchastheLakeDistrictandtheWelsh

Mountains.PartsofScotlandcanreceiveover250cmor100inchesofprecipitationper

year.EasternBritain,particularlysoutheasternparts,receivemuchlessrainfall.Areasof

thesoutheastmayreceiveonly50cmor20inchesofprecipitationperyear.Muchof

easternBritainliesintherainshadowofhillsandmountainssuchastheLakeDistrict,

thePeakDistrictandtheScottishHighlands*

IV.Riversandlakes

SevernRiver(塞文河)isthelongestriverinBritain(338km).ThamesRiver(泰晤士河)is

thesecondlongestandmostimportantriverinBritain.(336km).TheRiverThames,the

secondlargestandthemostimportantriverinBritain,originatesinsouthwesternEngland

andflowsthroughtheMidlandsofEnglandtoLondonandemptiesintotheNorthSea.

RiverClyde(克莱德河)isthemostimportantriverinScotland.LoughNeagh讷湖(内伊

湖)isthelargestlakeinBritainwhichislocatedinNorthernIreland.(396square

kilometres).

CulturalNotes

1.HighlandZone山区

大不列颠岛北部和西部大都是山地。

2.LowlandZone平原区

大不列颠岛南部和东南部，大都是平原区

3.LakeDistrict湖泊区

在英格兰西北部、奔宁山西侧C这里的山多奇峰，湖泊不大，但很多，风景极佳。

英国文学史中的“湖畔派诗人”(LakePoets)即源于此地。

4.sensitivetoprivacy对于涉及个人隐私的问题很敏感

英国的价值观的基础是个人主义，社会保护个人权利不受侵犯，人们交谈不得涉及

个人隐私

5.MayDay五朔节

英国的“五朔节”是在每年的5月5日，类似中国的“清明节”(PureBrighiness),

冬去春来，人们到田野里踏青，采五月花(Mayflower)装饰住室，并教歌载舞欢庆。

6.Westerlywindbelt西风带

来自大西洋的西风，常年影响英国，这是英国的气候温和多雨的主要原因之一。雪

莱的名诗《西风颂》(OdetotheWestWind)的创作灵感也受此影响。英国人讨厌东

风，因此也不买东风牌产品，因为东风来自欧洲大陆，往往给英国带来坏天气和寒

流。

Assignment

1.WhatarethefourmaintypesofhomeinBritain?Howdotheyreflectthecostand

statusofhomes?WhataresomeofthemajortypesofhomeinChina?

2.ComparesomeChinesecustomswiththeEnglishones.Whatdoyouknowaboutthe

Englisheatinghabits?

Extension

LectureTwo

BritishGovernmentSystem

(ByWangYan)

Mainpoints;

1.GovernmentSystem

2.Monarch

3.Constitution

4.Election

5.PoliticalParties

6.Parliament

I、WhatisGovernment?

Governmentisapoliticalorganizationcomprisingtheindividualsandinstitutions

authorizedtoformulatepublicpoliciesandconductaffairsofstate.

Governmentsareclassifiedinagreatmanywaysandfromawidevarietyofstandpoints.

Monarchy:

•Monarchyisaformofgovernmentinwhichonepersonhasthehereditaryrighttorule

asheadofstateduringhisorherlifetime.

Republicangovernment

•Itisaformofstatebasedontheconceptthatsovereigntyresidesinthepeople,who

delegatethepowertoruleintheirbehalftoelectedrepresentativesandofficials.

Democracy:

•Democracyisapoliticalsysteminwhichthepeopleofacountryrulethroughanyform

ofgovernmenttheychoosetoestablish.

Federalism:

•Federalism,alsoreferredtoasfederalgovernment,isanationalorinternational

politicalsysteminwhichtwolevelsofgovernmentcontrolthesameterritoryand

citizens.

Unitarysystem:

•Mostcountriesareunitarysystems,withlawsgivingvirtuallyallauthoritytothecentral

government.Thecentralgovernmentmaydelegatedutiestocitiesorotheradministrative

units,butitretainsfinalauthority.

theBritishsystemofgovernmentisconstitutionalmonarchy

,TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandissaidtobereignedoverthe

Monarch,butshedoesnotrule.BritainisregardedasademocracyintheWesternWorld

becausetherealpowerofgovernmentisinvestedwithelectiveofficials.Theparticipation

ofthemonarchingovernment,akindofformalityandhistoricallegacy,islimitedbythe

basiclawknownastheconstitution(notnecessarilyinawrittenform).Itisforthis

reasonthattheBritishsystemofgovernmentisknownasconstitutionalmonarchy.

ConstitutionalMonarchy

•Definition:Aconstitutionalmonarchyisaformofmonarchicalgovernment

establishedunderaconstitutionalsystemwhichacknowledgesanelectedorhereditary

monarchasheadofstale.

*Themonarchisregardedastheheadofstatebuttheprimeministerisheadof

government.

TheUnitedKingdom

Amonarchic,democratic&unitarystales

AMonarchicgovernment

tThepresentmonarch:

QueenElizabeth11

Limitedpower:

theQueencanonlyrulewiththeadviceofparliament.(P1&2&3)

Ademocraticgovernment

•Itsmembersofparliamentareelectedbythepeople.

•Threepartsofparliament:TheHouseofLords,TheHouseofCommons,andthe

Monarch

•TheHouseofCommonsisinvolvedinboththelegislativeandexecutivebranchesofthe

Britishgovernment.Thereisnoseparationofpowersbetweenexecutiveandlegislature.

AUnitarygovernment

•ItscentralgovernmentwiththePMastheleaderisverystrong.

-presidesovertheCabinet,allocatesfunctionsamongministers

-InformstheQueenofthegeneralbusinessoftheGovernment

-RecommendsanumberofappointmentstotheQueen

II>Monarch

1.InmodemBritain,Monarchymightseemobsolete,butcouldnotbeabolished.

InmodemBritain,whereclassandprivilegearenolongerasimportantastheyused

tobe,aninstitutionlikethemonarchymightseemobsolete.Indeed,fromtimeto

timeafewprominentpeople-insideandoutsideParliament-claimthat,inthe

currentpoliticalandeconomicsituation,themonarchyisanunnecessary

extravagance.Butanyseriousattempttoabolishthemonarchywouldmeetwith

violentoppositionfromallsectorsofBritishsociety.

Royalfamily&life

IILExamplefamily&Exposedlife

1.

TheroyalfamilyoccupiesthepositionofFirstFamilyandisexpectedtosetan

exampleinbothpublicandprivatelife.Withthegrowthofthemodernmedia

industry—press,radio,television—theofficialandunofficiallivesofroyaltyare

becomingincreasinglyexposed:TheQueenisinthenewsalmosteveryday:eitheras

apublicfigurevisitingahospital,attendingagalaconcert,launchingaship,

welcomingaforeignheadofstate...orasaprivatepersongoingtochurch,watching

ahorserace,holidayingatherprivateScottishhome,BalmoralCastle...Interestin

theroyalfamilyisnotconfinedtotheUK,ThepressinAmericaandEurope

constantlypublishnewsandgossipaboutBritain'sFirstFamily,

2.Queen'sjobs

•Domesticandinternationalaffairs:

•Conferringhonours

•Day-to-dayworkingsofgovernment-Privycouncil

•HeadoftheChurchofEngland

3.TheMonarch'sconsort

♦Qualifications:

-（1）fromanoblefamily,

-（2）withtheconsentofParliament,

一（3）notaRomanCatholic.

•TheKing'swife一QueenConsort

•TheQueen'shusband—PrinceConsort;theDukeofEdinburgh;thePrinceoftheUK

•Theeldestson-thePrinceofWales

4.SymbolofthespiritoftheCommonwealth

•TheQueen'spersonalflag,usedwhensheisrepresentingtheCommonwealth

•ApartfromtheUnitedKingdom,ElizabethIIisalsoQueenofCanada,Australia,New

Zealandandsoon.

5.Succession

•Priority:

,--Sonsanddescendants

•-Daughtersanddescendants

•-Brothersanddescendants

目前的君主：伊丽莎白二世女王陛下

•威尔士亲王查尔斯王储殿下（伊丽莎白二世的长子）

♦威尔士的威廉王子殿下（查尔斯王储的长子）

・威尔士的亨利王子殿下（查尔斯王储的次子）

•约克公爵安德鲁王子殿下（伊丽莎白二世的次子）

•约克的比阿特丽斯公主殿下（约克公爵的长女,1988年生）

•约克的欧吉妮公主殿下（约克公爵的次女1990年生）

♦威塞克斯伯爵爱德华王子殿下（伊丽莎白二世的三子.1964年生）

・塞文子爵詹姆士（威塞克斯伯爵的儿子.2007年生）

•路易斯•温莎郡主（威塞克斯伯爵的长女.2003年生）

•安妮长公主殿下（伊丽莎白二世的女儿）

•彼得•菲利浦斯（安妮公主的儿子）

•扎拉•菲利浦斯（安妮公主的女儿）

・林莱子爵(乔治六世的外孙，玛格丽特公主的儿子)

•查尔斯•阿姆斯特朗•琼斯阁下(林莱子爵的儿子)

•玛格丽塔•阿姆斯特朗•琼斯阁下(林莱子爵的女儿)

•萨拉•切托夫人(乔治六世的外孙女、玛格丽特公主的女儿)

6.Coronation

•Coronationisaceremonyofcrowningakingoraqueen.

•Time:anintervalafterthedeathoftheoldking

,Place:WestminsterAbbey

•Formalitygrandandpompous

•Conductor:theArc