Unit 5 Revealing nature Using languag选择性必修第一册

高中主要学习以下十种时态。①一般现在时②一般过去时③一般将来时④现在进行时⑤过去进行时⑥现在完成时⑦过去完成时

⑧将来进行时⑨过去将来时⑩现在完成进行时1.I_________myhomeworkeveryday.

我每天做作业。2.I_________myhomeworkyesterday.

我昨天做了作业。3.I_____________myhomeworknow.

我现在正在做作业。do时态：一般现在时结构：动词原形/三人称单数did时态：一般过去时结构：动词过去式amdoing时态：现在进行时结构：am/is/are+doing4.I_________myhomeworktomorrow.

我明天要做作业。5.I____________myhomeworkalready.

我已经完成作业了。6.I___________myhomeworkbeforefiveo’clockyesterday.

在昨天5点钟前，我已经做了作业。willdo时态：一般将来时结构：will/be(am/is/are)

goingto+动原haddone时态：现在完成时结构：have/has+动词过去分词havedoneUnit5UsinglanguageGrammar过去完成时

ThePastPerfectTensePastperfect

过去完成时①定义/概念/含义②结构式

/构成③基本用法④（时间状语）标志词⑤常用固定句型⑥一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时的区分一、含义过去完成时TheDefinition/ConceptofPastPerfectIgothomenow10:00pm9:00pmMylittlebrotherwenttobedBeforeI__________,

mylittlebrother

__________

tobed.gothomehadgone

Igottoschoolnow8:15am8:00amTheteachercameintotheclassroomBythetimeI

______________,theteacher

_____________

intotheclassroom.gottoschoolhadcome警察抓小偷当警察赶到的时候，小偷已经跑了。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadalreadyrunaway.在妈妈来之前，我就把电视关了。偷偷玩电脑BeforeMomcamein,Ihadalreadyturnedoffthecomputer.1.定义denefition：表示过去某一时间或者某一动作之前就已经发生或完成的动作，也就是“过去的过去”Themoivehadbegunwhenwearrivedatthethecinema.ApastBnow过去完成一般过去时有两个动作都发生在过去，并且先后发生，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。二、结构式/构成过去完成时Structure（谓语动词）的构成/结构式：

肯定式为__________________；

否定式为__________________；

被动式为__________________。①She

said

she

had

never

been

to

Paris.

②Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema.③Shetoldusthatthemeeting___________________.haddonehadnotdonehadbeendonehadbeencanceledhaddone助动词过去分词助动词had无实义，帮助构成时态结构，不可省略。过去分词分为规则和不规则两类，需要背诵记忆。基本结构式过去分词(Pastparticiple)的规则变化(1)一般情况下，直接在动词末尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,destroy---destroyed---destroyed(2)以“

e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived，argue-argued,die→died

(3)以“辅音字母

+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"

，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried，apply-applied(4)以重读闭音节结尾,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅-元-辅),先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,plan---planned—planned，refer-referred

过去分词的不规则变化AAA型costcostcost；hithithitAAB型beatbeatbeaten

ABA型①runranrun；

②comecamecome

③becomebecamebecomeABB型buyboughtbought；buildbuiltbuiltABC型beginbeganbegun；choosechosechosenKeepinmind！！！三、基本用法过去完成时BasicUsages

1)

表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。句中常有by、bytheendof等介词(短语)和bythetime、before、when、until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来推断时态。基本用法1（用在by或状语从句中）①By

the

end

of

lastterm,

we

had

received

over

1,000

letters

from

all

over

the

world.②我还没来得及说谢谢，他就跑开了。

BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,he_______________.③Breakfasthadbeenserved

bythetime

Igotup.④WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathomehadrunawayShesaidthat

shehadseenthefilmbefore.IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.Hetoldmethathehadalreadyfinishedhishomework.2.用在told，said，knew，heard，thought

等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语中),

主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时。基本用法2（常用在宾语从句中）3)某些动词（如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等），用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来计划/打算/想要(但没有做到)”。a.我本来打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。I____________tomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.b.我原本希望今年去度假，可是我离不开。I_________totakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.c.Jack_____________(plan)

tohelpyoubutcouldn’tgethereintime.hadintendedhadhoped用法3（“本来计划/打算/以为”）hadplanned四、过去完成时常用固定句型fixedsentencepatterns过去完成时1.用于hardly...when...和nosooner…than...句型中，主句用过去完成时，when和than从句用一般过去时，表示“一…就…,刚…就…”。当nosooner或hardly位于句首时，句子要部分倒装,即:had+主语+done…★★★③我刚离开，天就开始下雨了。

Hardly______________whenitbegantorain.④他一坐下，电话铃就响了。

Nosooner__________________thanthetelephonerang.hadIlefthadhesatdown①Ihadhardlyleftwhen

itbegantorain.②Hehad

nosoonersatdownthanthetelephonerang.我刚学完这一单元的单词，我就忘了。HardlyhadIlearnedthevocabularyinthisunitwhenIforgotallofthem.It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second

/third/last...time+thatsb.haddonesth.ItwasthesecondtimethatI______________(lose)thechance.Thiswasthefirsttimethathe________________(be)

toChicago..2.这是某人第几次做某事了。hadlosthadbeenIt/This/Thatwas

+形容词最高级+n.+thatsb.haddone①ItwasthemostwonderfulsongthatI_______________ever(hear).②ThatwasthemostinterestingmoviethatI____________(watch).③ThiswasoneofthebestbooksthatI__________________(read).3.这是最....的hadheardhadwatchedhadread以上2个句型，若主句中的be为is/are,从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。对比：Thatis

thefirsttimethatshehasvisited

Beijing.YouarethesweetestpersonthatIhaveevermet.

4.Itwas+时间段+sincesb.haddone

“自……发生以来已经多长时间了”。Itwas6monthssincehe_____________(graduate).hadgraduatedItwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.他参军三年了。

5.过去完成时用于虚拟语气中，在wish,asif/asthough,if,ifonly,wouldrathersb.haddonesth.结构或从句中，常用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反的假设。a.如果我早点起来，就能赶上早班车了。

egIwouldhavecaughtthefirstbusifI___________earlier.b.

我多希望我在初中时努力学习了。IwishI___________hardinthemiddleschool.hadstudiedhadgotup五、标志词过去完成时（常见时间状语）一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：1)by+过去时间点

Ihadfinishedreadingthebookbynineo’clocklastnight.2)bytheendof+过去时间点.如

Wehadlearnedover2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3)before+过去时间点.如Theyhadplanted600treesbeforelastFriday.by到…止，在...之前bytheendof

到…结束时,到…止bythetime“在…的时候，当....时”before/when

过去完成时的时间状语标志词到去年9月止到昨天为止到上学期末止在上个星期四前bylastSeptemberbyyesterdaybytheendoflasttermbeforelastThursday+过去的时间六.时态辨析(TelltheDifference)过去完成时：主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去的某时或某一动作对比时,才用到它它一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调的是过去某动作发生的“时间”，常与具体的时间状语连用过去完成时VS一般过去时They_____________(arrive)atthestationbytenyesterday.昨天10点前他们已经到达了车站。They__________(arrive)atthestationattenyesterday.他们昨天在10点到达了车站。hadarrivedarrived

过去完成时VS现在完成时I___________inChinaforfiveyearsbeforeIwenttoAmerica.在我去美国之前，我已经在中国住了五年。I____________inChinaforfiveyears.我目前已经在中国住了五年。

hadlivedhavelived现在完成时的动作发生在过去，时间参照点是现在,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关。过去完成时的动作发生在过去，但是时间参照点是过去的某一时间先后Summary1.He___________(learn)3000wordsbeforehewenttoEngland.2.Theoldmantoldusthathe____________(travel)tomanyplaces.3.Itwasthethirdtimethathe___________(see)suchalargeanimal.4.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplane____________(takeoff)5.Marydidherhomeworkand_______(wash)thedishes.hadlearnedhadtravelledhadseenhadtakenoffwashedExercise过去的过去宾语从句Itwasthefirsttimethat过去动作的完成Bytheendoflastyear,he____________(collect)morethan100foreignrecords.Heonce_______(work)asalecturer,butnowheisamanager.JohnandJane__________h(know)eachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.Hesaidthatgreatchanges_________h(take)placeinhishometownsince1990.He____l(leave)schoolthreeyearsago.I_________(live)inBeijingforoneyear.Hisbrother_________(be)theconductoroftheorchestraformanyyears.Thiswasthesecondtimethatthemusician__________(tour)Europe.hadcollectedworkedhadknownhadtakenlefthavelivedhasbeenhadtouredCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsandphrasalverbsinbrackets.Jane____________(watch)anaturefilmonTVwhensomeoneknockedonthedoor.OnourtriptoAfricalastyear,we__________(see)lionssittinginthetallgrasswatchingus.Thegirl,when_________(question)whyshe___________(cheat)intheexam,justloweredherheadandkeptsilent.Theboy_________(cry)loudlybecausehe_________(lose)hiswayinthejungleandthoughthecouldn’tgobackhome.Theyoungmaninsistedhe_________(do)nothingwrongandthatthepolice_________(release)him．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewhospital_____________(complete)inourcity.Igotane­mailfrommyoldfriendlastSunday.Untilthen，we_________(keep)intouchfornearly3years.waswatchingsawquestionedhadcheatedcriedhadlosthaddonereleasehadcompletedhadkeptYuanLongping_________todoresearchonhybridricebecausenaturaldisasters__________foodshortagesinthe1960s.Intheend,he___________abettertypeofrice.

beganhadledtodevelopedFirstthenledtofoodshortage→begantodoresearch→developedabettertype1.

aNaturaldisastersledtofoodshortagesinthe1960s.

bYuanLongpingbegantodoresearchonhybridrice.

cYuanLongpingdevelopedabettertypeofrice.GregorMendel__________studypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1884,he_____________importantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.2.

aGregorMendelchosetostudypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.

bGregorMendelmadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.

cGregorMendeldiedin1