隧道施工技术沉埋法课件

隧道施工技术沉埋法TunnelConstructionTechnologyImmersedTunnelingMethod沉埋法目录TableofContentsImmersedTunnelingMethod沉埋法概述1OverviewofImmersedTunnelingMethod干坞修筑和管段预制2ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegment基槽开挖和航道疏浚3ExcavationofFoundationTrenchandDredgingofTheChannel管段浮运与沉放４Floating

TransportationandImmersionofTubeSegment管段水下连接５ConnectionofTubeSegmentsUnderwater基础处理６FoundationTreatment课后小结7Summary沉埋法概述OverviewofImmersedTunnelingMethod01沉埋法沉埋法的概述它是修筑水底隧道的主要方法。采用沉管法施工的水底隧道又叫沉管隧道。OverviewofImmersedTunnelingMethodImmersedTunnelingMethod盾构法Shieldmethod

暗挖法Undercuttingmethod沉埋法（沉管法）Immersedtunnelingmethod(immersedtubemethod)Itisthemainmethodofconstructingunderwatertunnels.Theunderwatertunnelconstructedbyimmersedtubemethodisalsocalledimmersedtubetunnel.是将箱形或管形水泥混泥土预制构件，分段沉埋至河底或海底而构成隧道的施工方法。沉埋法沉埋法的概述OverviewofImmersedTunnelingMethodImmersedTunnelingMethod沉埋法施工Constructionwithimmersedtunnelingmethod预制管段沉放法ImmersedtubemethodItisaconstructionmethodofsinkingbox-shapedortubularcementconcreteprefabricatedmembersintothebottomoftheriverorseainsectionstoformatunnel.广州珠江海底隧道PearlRiverSubseaTunnelofGuangzhouCity宁波甬江海底隧道YongjiangSubseaTunnelofNingboCity港珠澳大桥沉管隧道入口EntranceofImmersedTubeTunnelofHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge优点Advantages①对地质水文条件适应能力强②可浅埋，与两岸道路衔接容易③沉管隧道防水性能好④沉埋法施工工期短⑤沉管隧道造价低⑥施工条件好⑦沉管隧道可做成大断面多车道结构沉埋法沉埋法的优点AdvantagesofImmersedTunnelingMethod

ImmersedTunnelingMethod①Itshowshighadaptabilitytogeologicalandhydrologicalconditions②Thetunnelcanbeshallowlyburiedtofacilitatetheconnectionwithroadsonbothbanks③Theimmersedtubetunnelsshowgoodwaterproofperformance④Theperiodofconstructionwiththismethodisshort⑤Theconstructionofimmersedtubetunnelscostsless⑥Theconstructionconditionsaregood⑦Theimmersedtubetunnelcanbemadeintoalarge-sectionmulti-lanestructure沉埋管段结构沉埋法沉埋管段结构分类ClassificationofStructuresofImmersedTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethodStructureofImmersedTubeSegment圆形圆形八角形花篮形CircularstructureCircularstructureOctagonshapeFlower-basketshape矩形六车道断面八车道断面RectangularstructureSix-lanesectionEight-lanesection沉埋隧道主要施工流程MainConstructionProcessofImmersedTubeTunnel基槽开挖Excavationoffoundationtrench清淤铺石Dredgingandpavingstone安设支座Erectionofbearings管段沉放Immersionoftubesegment水下连接Underwaterconnection基础处理Foundationtreatmen覆土回填Backfillingwithearth设备安装及内装Equipmentinstallationandinteriordecoration竣工验收completionacceptance修筑干坞Constructionofdrydock管片制作Segmentfabrication设备安装Equipment

installation管片浮运Floating

transportationofsegment排水整修Drainage

andrenovation沉埋法沉埋隧道主要施工流程MainConstructionProcessofImmersedTubeTunnelImmersedTunnelingMethod干坞修筑和管段预制ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegment02沉埋法干坞修筑和管段预制ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethod

1.干坞修筑1.ConstructionofDryDock

Thedrydockcannotonlybeusedtoprefabricatetubesegmentsinsections,butalsobefilledwithwaterforfloatingtransportationafterthetubesegmentsaremade.Therefore,thedrydockshallbelocatedclosetothetunnelsite,andinareaswithgoodgeologicalconditionsandconvenientforfloatingtransportation.既能分节预制管段，又能在管段制成后灌水浮起，把这个场地称作干坞，干坞位置应选择距隧址较近，且地质条件较好，便于浮运的地方。

2.干坞规模2.DryDockScale施工设备等Constructionequipment土地使用费Landusefees工期Constructionperiod地质条件Geologicalconditions坞址的地形Landforminthedrydocksite根据工程规模，管段长宽尺寸和管段数量Accordingtotheprojectscale,lengthandwidthoftubesegments,andthequantityoftubesegments一次预制管段干坞Drydockforprefabricatingtubesegmentsinone-time分批预制管段干坞Drydockforprefabricatingtubesegmentsinbatches一次预制管段干坞Drydockforprefabricatingtubesegmentsinone-time优点Advantages缺点Disadvantages其中一次预制管段干坞是在干坞内一次完成所有管段的制作，它只需放一次水进坞，干坞不需要采用闸门，施工简便，干坞仅用土围堰或钢板桩围堰作坞首。一次预制管干坞规模较大、占地多、土地使用费用较大。沉埋法干坞修筑和管段预制ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethodForthedrydockforprefabricatingtubesegmentsinone-time,thefabricationofalltubesegmentsiscompletedinone-timeinthedrydock.Waterneedstobefilledintothedockonlyonce,andthedrydockdoesnotneedtobeequippedwithagate,soitsconstructionissimple,Onlyearthcofferdamorsteelsheetpilecofferdamisadoptedasthedockheadofthedrydock.However,thiskindofdrydockislargeinscale,coversalargeareaandrequireshigherlandusefees.沉埋法干坞修筑和管段预制ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethod分批预制管段干坞Drydockforprefabricatingtubesegmentsinbatches优点Advantages缺点Disadvantages干坞规模小Smalldrydockscale占地少Lesslandoccupation造价低Lowerconstructioncosts重复使用率高Higherreuserate利于其他施工程序配合缩短工期Facilitatingcooperationwithotherconstructionprocedurestoshortentheconstructionperiod①需要采用闸门式坞门，造价高；Thegate-typedockgateisrequired,resultinginhighconstructioncosts;②先批出坞沉放的管段需待几个月才能与后批管段相接，不利于先沉放的管段稳定，安全难于保证；Itwilltakeseveralmonthstoconnecttheformerbatchoftubesegmentsundockedforsinkingwiththelatterbatchoftubesegments,andthusitisnotconducivetothestabilityofthetubesegmentthatissunkfirstanditishardtoensuresafety;③已开挖的基槽可能会有回淤，影响后批管段基础质量；Theexcavatedfoundationtrenchmaybesubjecttosiltation,whichwillaffectthequalityofthefoundationofthelaterbatchoftubesegments;④干坞反复灌水、排水，影响坞墙的稳定性；Repeatedwaterfillinganddrainageofthedrydockwillaffectthestabilityofthedockwall;⑤分批预制管段会增加坞底施工设备的拆迁和再组装工作，使临时工程费用增加；Prefabricatingtubesegmentsinbatcheswilladdmoreworkloadtothedemolitionandreassemblyofdockbottomconstructionequipment,resultinginanincreaseincostsoftemporaryworks;⑥后批管段浮运时，可能需要再次对临时航道进行疏浚工作。Duringfloatingtransportationofthelatterbatchoftubesegments,thetemporarychannelmayneedtobedredgedagain.工程当中需要用到的材料、形状、长度、数量，以及该工程上的一些计划说明，预先在干圬中灌注，灌筑管段混凝土时要保证匀质性和水密性。

Accordingtothematerials,shapes,lengthsandquantitiesrequiredforaproject,andspecificinstructionsontheproject,theconcreteofthetubesegmentshallbepouredinthedrydockinadvance,andtheconsistencyandwatertightnessoftheconcreteshallbeensuredduringpouring.12如果管段混凝土容重变化幅度稍大，超过1%以上，管段常会浮不起来。如果管段各部分的侧壁与板的混凝土密度不均匀，管段就会侧倾。沉埋法干坞修筑和管段预制ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethod

3．管段预制3.PrefabricationofTubeSegmentIftheunitweightoftheconcreteofthetubesegmentchangesobviouslytomorethan1%,thetubesegmentoftenfailstofloat.Iftheconcretedensityofthesidewallsandslabsofeachpartofthetubesegmentisinhomogeneous,thetubesegmentwilltiltsideways.沉埋法干坞修筑和管段预制ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethod管段防水措施Waterproofingmeasuresfortubesegments结构物自身防水缝防水Waterproofingofstructures结构物自身防水Waterproofingoftheoutersideofstructures施工接缝防水Waterproofingofconstructionjoints1－橡胶带体；2－薄钢板（0.7mm~0.8mm）；3－塑料1-Rubberbelt;2-Sheetsteel(0.7mm~0.8mm);3-Plastic1－变形缝1-Deformationjoint2－钢板橡胶止水带2-Steelplaterubberwaterstop3－“Ω”密封带3-"Ω"sealingtape4－止水材料4-Waterstopmaterials钢壳、钢板防水、卷材、保护层防水和涂料防水等一般均设置一至二道止水带采用防水混凝土灌筑管段防止管段混凝土由于温差和干缩造成的裂缝AdoptwaterproofconcreteforthepouringofthetubesegmentAvoidcracksontheconcreteofthetubesegmentcausedbytemperaturedifferencesanddryingshrinkageSteelshell,steelplate,coiledmaterials,waterproofprotectivelayerandwaterproofcoatingSettingonetotwowaterstops

4．管段检漏4.LeakageDetectionofTubeSegment沉埋法干坞修筑和管段预制ConstructionofDryDockandPrefabricationofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethod压载水箱注水Fillingofballasttank干坞坞室内灌水Fillingofdrydockchamber水底检测Underwatertest压载水Ballastwater管段浮升水面Floatingofthetubesegmentoutofwater24h~48h基槽开挖和航道疏浚ExcavationofFoundationTrenchandDredgingofTheChannel03

３．基槽开挖和航道疏浚3.ExcavationofFoundationTrenchandDredgingofTheChannel在隧址处水中沉埋管段范围，需在水下开挖基槽，要求槽底纵坡与管段设计纵坡相同。基槽的断面尺寸应根据管段断面尺寸和地质条件确定，开挖基槽的底宽一般比管段底宽大4m～10m

。沉埋法基槽开挖和航道疏浚ExcavationofFoundationTrenchandDredgingofTheChannelImmersedTunnelingMethod

Withinthescopeofimmersedtubesegmentinwateratthetunnelsite,thefoundationtrenchshallbeexcavatedunderwater.Thelongitudinalslopeatthetrenchbottomisrequiredtobethesameasthedesignedlongitudinalslopeofthetubesegment.Thesectionsizeofthefoundationtrenchshallbedeterminedaccordingtothesectionsizeofthetubesegmentandgeologicalconditions.Thebottomwidthoftheexcavatedfoundationtrenchisgenerally4m～10mwiderthanthatofthetubesegment.基槽开挖方法Methodforfoundationtrenchexcavation粗挖Roughexcavation精挖Fineexcavating管段浮运与沉放FloatingTransportationandImmersionofTubeSegment04１．管段浮运１.FloatingTransportation

管段在干坞内预制完成后，就可在干坞内灌水使预制管段逐渐浮起，浮起的过程中利用在干坞四周预先为管段浮运布设的锚位，用地锚绳索固定上浮的管段，然后通过布置在干坞坞顶布置的绞车将管段逐节牵引出坞。沉埋法管段浮运与沉放FloatingTransportationandImmersionofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethod管段拖运出坞1－绞车1-Winch2－地锚2-Groundanchor3－沉埋锚3-Immersedanchor4－工作驳4-Operationbarge5－出坞牵引缆5-HaulingropeforundockingHaulingoftubesegmentoutofthedock

Afterthepipesectionisprefabricatedinthedrydock,watercanbefilledinthedrydocktomaketheprefabricatedtubesegmentfloatgradually.，Inthefloatingprocess,theanchorsarrangedaroundthedrydockforfloatingtransportationofthetubesegmentcanbeused.Thefloatingtubesegmentshallbefixedusingthegroundanchorrope,andthen,thetubesegmentshallbepulledoutofthedockinsectionsbyawincharrangedonthetopofthedrydock.SecondaryoutfittingFloatingtransportationoftubesegment管段浮运二次舾装2．管段沉放2.Immersionoftubesegment管段沉放Immersionoftubesegment吊沉法Liftingandsinkingmethod拉沉法Pullingandsinkingmethod起重船吊沉法Floatingcranemethod浮箱吊沉法Floatingboxmethod自升式平台吊沉法Self-elevatingplatform(SEP)method船组杠沉法Squarebargemethod沉埋法管段浮运与沉放FloatingTransportationandImmersionofTubeSegmentImmersedTunnelingMethodImmersedtube沉管管段水下连接UnderwaterConnectionofTubeSegments05

5．管段水下链接5.UnderwaterConnectionofTubeSegments沉埋法管段水下连接UnderwaterConnectionofTubeSegmentsImmersedTunnelingMethod就地灌水下连接的施工方法Theconstructionmethodforconnectingtubesegmentsunderwater特点Features

Thejointsoftubesegmentscanhavevariousstructuresaccordingtodifferentconstructionsequencesandconnectionmethods.Thejointsaredividedintoinitialjointsandfinaljoints.Thekeytounderwaterconnectiontechnologyistoensurethatthetubesegmentjointiswatertight.管段接头根据施工先后顺序、连接方法不同，构造也各不相同，分为初始接头与最终接头。水下连接技术的关键是要保证管段接头不漏水。水下混凝土连接法Underwaterconcretingmethod水力压接法HydrauliccrimpingmethodImmersedtube沉管基础处理FoundationTreatment06

6．基础处理6.FoundationTreatment不是为了对付地基土的沉降，而是为在管段沉放前，基槽开挖不平整，使槽底表面与沉管底面之间存在很多不规则的空隙，这样会使地基受力不均，引起地基不均匀沉降，并使沉管结构受到较大的局部应力而开裂。因此在沉管隧道施工中必须进行基础处理，使管段底面与地基之间的空隙充填密实，均匀接触。沉埋法基础处理FoundationTreatmentImmersedTunnelingMethod基础处理的目的Purposeoffoundationtreatment

Itisnottodealwiththesettlementofthefoundationsoil,butforotherpurposes.Beforethetubesegmentissunk,thefoundationtrenchisexcavatedunevenly.Asaresult,therearemanyirregularvoidsbetweenthebottomsurfaceofthetrenchandthebottomsurfaceoftheimmersedtube,whichwillcauseunevenstressonthefoundation,leadingtoitsunevensettlementandcrackingoftheimmersedtubestructureduetorelativelygreaterlocalstress.Therefore,foundationtreatmentmustbecarriedoutduringtheimmersedtunnelconstruction,sothatvoidsbetweenthebottomsurfaceofthetubesegmentandthefoundationcanbefilleddenselyandthetwoareinuniformcontactwitheachother.

6．基础处理6.FoundationTreatment沉埋法基础处理FoundationTreatmentImmersedTunnelingMethod基础处理FoundationTreatment刮铺法（先铺法）Scrapingpavingmethod(pre-pavingmethod)喷砂法和压注法（后填法）Sandsprayingmethodandgroutingmethod(post-fillingmethod)桩基法灌砂法、灌囊法Pilefoundationmethod,sandgroutingmethodandgroutingpocketmethod课后小结07沉埋法课后小结SummaryImmersedTunnelingMethod沉埋法特点有：Thecharacteristicsoftheimmersedtunnelingmethodareasfollows:①提高隧道水底段高程，可相应缩短连接段长度。①Thelengthoftheconnectingsectioncanbeshortenedaccordinglybyincreasingtheelevationoftheunderwatersectionofthetunnel.②大部分作业在工厂进行，劳动条件好，也易于保证质量。②Mostoftheoperationsarecarriedoutinthefactory,thelaborconditionsaregood,anditiseasytoensurequality.③管段长度可达百米以上，隧道结构的接缝少，增强了整体防水能力。③Thelengthofthetubesegmentcanreachmorethan100meters,whichisconducivetoreducingthenumberofjointsinthetunnelstructureandenhancingtheoverallwaterproofcapacity.④断面形状不限，可充分满足使用要求。④Thesectionshapeisvariable,whichcanfullymeettheuserequirements.沉埋法课后小结SummaryImmersedTunnelingMethod沉埋法特点有：Thecharacteristicsoftheimmersedtunnelingmethodareasfollows:

TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgeisbyfarthelargestcross-seaprojectintheworld,anditsimmersedtubesubseatunnelranksfirstintheworldintermsofscale.TheimmersedtubetunnelisthecoreofthewholeprojectoftheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.Excavatingcorrespondingtrenchesattheseabed,sinkingthetunnelspreparedinadvanceintothetrenches,andconnectingthemunderwaternotonlyrequiretheapplicationofmoderndigitaltechnology,butalsotheapplicationofgiantengineeringequipment.港珠澳大桥是迄今为止全世界最大的跨海工程，其中的沉管海底隧道规模居于世界首位，而沉管隧道是港珠澳大桥整体工程的核心。在海底挖出相应的沟槽，将事先做好的隧道沉放进沟