2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模考试英语试题（含答案）

北京市丰台区2024～2025学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语2025.03本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试共三部分（100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Isteppedoutofthestore,jugglingafewshoppingbagsinmyhands,lookingforwardtothedrivehome.AsIreachedmycar,awaveofpanicwashedoverme.Ihad___1___mykeysandmobilephoneinsidethevehicle.Inamomentofannoyance,Igavethetireahardkick.Ateenageronabikehappenedtopassbyatthatverymoment.Hestopped,andhiseyesfilledwith___2___.“What’swrong?”heasked.Isigheddeeplyandexplainedmyrather___3___situation.“ButevenifIcouldcallmywife,”Iadded,mytone___4___,“shecan’tbringmethesparecarkey,sinceshe’stakingcareofourchildrenathome.”Withouthesitation,he___5___mehismobilephone.“CallyourwifeandtellherI’mcomingtogetthesparekey,”hesaid.Ilookedathimin___6___.“That’san11-kilometreroundtrip!”Iprotested.Buthewasdeterminedandsaid,“Don’tworryaboutit.”Anhourseemedto___7___asIwaitedanxiously.Buttruetohisword,he___8___withthekeyinhand.Iwasoverjoyedandimmediatelyreachedformywallettoofferhimsomemoneyasagestureofmy___9___.However,hefirmlyrefused.“Let’sjustsayIneededtheexercise,”hesaidwithasmile.Then,withacasualwave,hegotbackonhisbikeandrodeoff.Inaworldthatoftenseemsfocusedonself-interest,hiskindnesswasashiningexampleofthegoodnessthatstillexists.Asimpleactof____10____canhaveaprofoundimpactonsomeone’sday.1.A.placed B.hidden C.stored D.locked2.A.hope B.sadness C.concern D.anxiety3.A.unfortunate B.dangerous C.adventurous D.promising4.A.relaxed B.exhausted C.excited D.defeated5.A.left B.handed C.sent D.sold6.A.disbelief B.anger C.regret D.fear7.A.jumpahead B.flyby C.dragon D.comearound8.A.returned B.hesitated C.disappeared D.settled9.A.kindness B.satisfaction C.admiration D.gratitude10.A.devotion B.generosity C.courage D.sharing第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Whalesswimbymovingtheirtailsupanddown.Thismotion____11____(create)pressurepulses(脉冲)whichharmtheirbrains.However,whalesfindaway____12____(avoid)suchdamage.Researchhasrevealedthatanetworkofbloodvessels(血管)intheirbrainsplaysacrucialrole.Itcanmaintainstablebloodpressure,____13____(effective)reducingover90%ofthepotentialharm.Thisdiscoveryalsohelpsexplain____14____seals,whichdon’tfacethesameissue,lackthesestructures.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。InTraditionalChineseMedicine,cinnamon,knownas“RouGui”,____15____(use)forcenturiesforitsmedicinalproperties.Itisconsideredawarmingherb,meaningthatitisbelievedtorelievepainanddiscomfort____16____(associate)withcoldanddampconditions.Cinnamoncanharmonizethebody’senergiesandenhanceoverallwell-being,whichmakesitamustforthose____17____wanttoimprovetheirimmunesystem.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。LastDecember,Iorderedawarmhamburgeratafoodstore.AsIleftthestore,Inoticedtherewasanolderpoorgentleman____18____(sit)atthebusstop.Knowingitwouldprobablybehisonlywarmmealoftheday,I____19____(give)himthehamburger.Butallwasnotlostforme.Anothercustomerofferedmehalfofherhamburger.IwassodelightedbecauseIrealisedthat____20____onewayoranother,wearealllookedafter.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFREEFAMILYDAYPASSNationalTrustLookingfortheperfectdayoutthisMarch?Whetheryoulovepeacefulwoodlandwalks,birdwatching,ordiscoveringnewplacessurroundedbynature,theNationalTrusthassomethingforeveryone.Thankstothisincredibleoffer,youcanenjoyaFREEvisittoaNationalTrustpropertyofyourchoice.Itwillgiveyoutheperfectexcusetogatheryourlovedonesandexplorethegreatoutdoors.Startyouryearbyreconnectingwithnatureandmakingunforgettablememorieswithfamilyandfriends.Don’tmissoutonthiswonderfulopportunitytoexperiencethebeautyofNationalTrustsites—completelyfree!HOWTOCLAIMCutoutthevoucher(代金券)belowandpresentatyourchosenNationalTrustlocation.SomeNationalTrustpropertiesrequireadvancebooking,pleasecheckthepropertywebsiteforfulldetails.Certainplacesareexcluded(排除在外)fromthispromotion,detailscanbefoundatreachforms.co.uk/nationaltrustpass.FREENationalTrustFAMILYPASS1.Thispassissingleuseandiseffectiveoncefromthedateofissuethroughto31December,2025inclusive.2.ThispassallowsfreeadmissionatparticipatingNationalTrustplacesfor2adultsandupto3children,or1adultandupto4children.Adultsareaged18orover;childrenareagedunder17inclusive.3.Thispassisforstandardadmissiononlyandexcludesparking,groupentity,paidtransport,andanypaidevents.4.ThispassiseffectiveatparticipatingNationalTrustplaceswithinadvertisedopeninghours.Openinghoursmaybesubjecttochangeatanytimeandshouldbecheckedat.uk.5.Presentthispasstoreceivefreeadmissionatparticipatingplaces.Passholderswhocannotpresentthepass,orvisitanexcludedplace,willbechargedthefulladmissionprice.6.Onlyonepassperhouseholdwillbepermitted.21.WhatcanpeopleenjoywiththeNationalTrust’soffer?A.Anoutdooractivityclosetonature.B.Abirdwatchingphotographycourse.C.Anexplorationtonationalmuseums.D.Avisittoatreasure-themedexhibition.22Onecangetfreeadmissionby________.A.purchasingadigitalpassonawebsiteB.showingthevoucherattheselectedsiteC.submittinganapplicationonthewebsiteD.joiningasamemberoftheNationalTrust23.Accordingtothepassage,thepass________.A.allowsfreeentryforasix-personfamilyB.includesfreetransportandparkingC.islimitedtooneperhouseholdD.canbeusedmorethanonceBForyears,RobynElman,anatureadvocate,hasbeenpassionatelyraisingtheendangeredmonarchbutterfliesinthecozycornerofherbackyard.Shecollectsthebutterflyeggsfromthemilkweedplants—theonlyfoodforthesedelicatecreatures—alongsidethehighways.Eachtimeshegoesonherjourneytothehighways,shehopestheselittleeggs,whichareaspreciousashiddentreasures,willhatch(孵化)intomanybeautifulcreatures.Theywillslowlymakethegroupwhichisgettingsmallergraduallybreathenewlife.Butrealitydestroyedherhopeslastyear.Insteadofbeinggreetedbythegreenmilkweedplants,shewasmetwiththedesolatesightofmowedstubs(修剪过的草茬)anddestroyedeggs.Themilkweedplantshadbeencutdown,andallleftwereshortstubs.Shefeltadeepsenseofloss.“Istherereallynohopeforthesedelicate,flyingcreatures?”shewhisperedtoherself,herheartasheavyasabigpieceoflead.Evenaspainconsumedher,Robynremaineddetermined.Sheteamedupwithothernaturelovers.TheyreachedouttoFrankConiglio,thecity’sdirectorofhighwaymaintenance,urginghimtocutthebutterfliesabreak.Atfirst,Frankwasdoubtful.Hethought,“Howimportantcanthisbe?Whatdifferencewillitmake?It’sjustsomebutterfliesandplants.”ButasRobynandherfriendspouredouttheirworries,andkeptexplainingtheimportanceoftheissue,Frankbegantounderstand.Hefinallyrealised,“Whathappenstothebutterfliesisgoingtohappentous,isn’tit?”,asifalightbulbhadsuddenlyswitchedoninhismind.Frankwenttoworkonstudyingmoreaboutmonarchbutterflies,andfinallyhesupportedtheircause,andtookdecisiveaction.Hestoppedmowingincertainareas,drawinganinvisiblelineofprotection.Sofar,around20patchesofmilkweedplants,likeoasesintheurbandesert,havebeenprotectedacrossthecity.“We’remakingarealdifference,”Franksaidproudly.Thankstotheircombinedefforts,themonarchbutterfliesnowhaveabrighterfuture,andthecity’secosystemisonthepathtopositivetransformation.24.Asanatureadvocate,RobynElman________.A.growssomemilkweedinherbackyardB.raisesbutterfliesalongsidethehighwayC.collectsbutterflyeggsandhatchesthemD.studiesmilkweedandprovesthemvaluable25.HowdidRobynfeeluponseeingthemowedstubs?A.Upsetanddisappointed. B.Angryandannoyed.C.Embarrassedandashamed. D.Terrifiedandconfused.26.WhatdidFrankdotohelpprotectthemonarchbutterflies?A.Heraisedtheawarenessofthepublic.B.Hestudiedthelocalnaturalecosystem.C.Heprotectedmilkweedincertainareas.D.Hemovedthebutterfliestoasafeplace.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Wildlifeconservationtakesabackseattourbandevelopment.B.Governmentpoliciesplayamainroleinwildlifeconservation.C.Thedamageofhabitatshaslong-termimpactontheecosystem.D.Commitmentandcooperationcausepositiveecologicaloutcomes.CDuringWWII,mathematicianAlanTuringgatheredateamoflogicexpertstodecodeenemymessages,akeysteptowardvictory.Iftherewasonebranchofmathematicswhichcouldbesaidtheywereusingsystematically,itwassymboliclogic.However,thecurriculumdesignsthatmethodicallydevelopstudents’symboliclogicabilitiesarerelativelyrare.Symboliclogicisaformofmathematicsthatletsuscheckwhethercertainconclusionscorrectlyfollowfromasetoffacts.Consideralibrarybook-theftcase.Ifasuspectwasn’tinthelibraryonthedaythethefthappened,theycan’tbethethief.Ifpresent,theymayormaynotbe.Beinginthelibrarydoesn’tmeantheystolethebook.Symboliclogicturnsthiskindofargumentintoalgebra(代数学),readilyshared,solvedandgeneralizedforsolvingmysteries.Forcareerssuchaselectricalengineeringandcomputerscience,thevalueofsymboliclogicisundeniable.Thefundamentalbuildingblocksofmoderndigitalcomputersarecircuitsrepresenting“AND”and“OR”,whicharecommoninsymboliclogic.Almosteverycomputerprogramcontainssimilar“if-then-else”logicalconditions.Professionalprogrammersmustroutinelywriteandtroubleshootsuchstatements.Butsymboliclogicisnotsolelylimitedtotechnicalfields.RutgersUniversitymathematicianGrayWengerarguesthatteachingresponsiblecitizenshiprequiresprovidingstudentswithmathematicalreasoningskills.Forexample,consideradebateoverastudyfindingthatmostadultswithouthigh-schoolcertificatesearnless.Aresponsiblecitizenmustthinkthroughtheimplicationsalongthelinesofthebook-theftcaseexampleabove.Nocertificatelikelymeanslowerincome,butlowincomedoesn’tmeannocertificate.Traininginsymboliclogicmakesthesesortsofreasoningssinkintotheircognitiveprocessesandbecomesecondnaturetocitizens.Inaddition,symboliclogicequipsindividualstocounterfalseclaimsbydistinguishingbetweenseparateincidentsandsystematicevidence.Themosteffectivestrategyforthisliesinpreventiveeducation—teachingpeopletorecognizefaultyreasoningatitssource.Consider,forinstance,someglobal-warmingdoubtersuseonedayofcoldweatherasproofthatglobalwarmingisahoax(骗局).Butalogicalthinkercanquicklyspotthatweatherisshort-term,whileclimateislong-termchange.Somedoubttheneedforaseparatesymboliclogiccourse,believingotherclassescandothejob.Inwritingcourses,forexample,studentslearnhowtospotillogicalarguments,andelementaryproofsarecoveredintrigonometry(三角学).Muchcanbegainedbyteachingpeoplelogicalthinkingwithoutusinganysymbols.Butonlysymboliclogicensureslogicalstrictness.Apiecemealapproachisn’tenough;afull-semestercourseisneededforcomprehensivelearning.Symboliclogicisessentialforintellectualdevelopment.Byintegratingsymboliclogicintoeducationalframeworks,weequipfuturegenerationswiththeintellectualtoolstonavigatecomplexchallenges.Trainingforitmustbeincludedinthecurriculumandcannotbelefttochance.28.Accordingtothepassage,symboliclogiccanplayaprimaryrolewhen________.A.achefiscreatinganewrecipebycombiningdifferentmaterialsB.astudentisdecidingwhichclubtojoinbasedonpersonalinterestsC.adoctorisidentifyingone’sillnessbyusingsignsandtestfindingsD.ajournalistiswritingafeaturearticlebyinterviewinglocalpeople29.Whatdoesthephrase“secondnature”underlinedinParagraph4probablymean?A.Aroutinepractice. B.Anautomaticability.C.Anessentialtool. D.Anecessaryquality.30.Fromthepassage,welearnthatsymboliclogic________.AtellsthedifferencebetweenseparateincidentsB.ismainlyappliedinsolvingmathematicalpuzzlesC.questionsthebasicprinciplesofmoderncomputersD.enablespeopletodetectandchallengefalsearguments31.Theauthormayagreethatcurrentsymboliclogiceducationis________.A.unsatisfyingforthelackofsymboliclogiccoursesB.problematicandignoreslogicalreasoningpracticeC.acceptableifalternativecoursesareavailableD.manageableandwillimprovenaturallyDRecentfindingsfromtheDarkEnergySpectroscopicInstrument(DESI)inArizona,whichproducedthelargest3Dmapoftheuniverse,suggestthatdarkenergy—themysteriousforcedrivingtheuniverse’saccelerated(加速的)expansion—mightchangeovertime.Thischallengesthestandardmodelofcosmology(宇宙学),whichassumesasteadyacceleration.Darkenergyisthoughttomakeupnearly70%ofthecosmos,soifitsbehaviourreallyischangingastimepasses,itcouldhavesignificantimplicationsforourunderstandingoftheuniverse.SincetheDESIdatacameout,researchershavebeenworkingonwaystoexplaintheapparentchangesintheuniverse’sexpansionrate.Darkenergyisn’tdirectlyobservable,sothereareseveraloptionsthatcouldfit.OnesolutionsuggestedbyMichaelGardaattheFederalUniversityinBrazilandhiscolleaguesinvolveslettingdarkenergyinteractwithdarkmatter,aninvisibleandabundantformofmatterthatoutweighsordinarymatter.Thisinteractionisforbiddeninthestandardmodel,butifenergycouldflowfromtheuniverse’sdarkmattertoitsdarkenergy—essentiallychangingtheformertothelatter—theresearchers’simulations(模拟)showedthatthiswouldmatchtheDESImeasurements.Yet,themechanismforsuchanenergytransferisn’tclear.ThissolutionmightalsohelpresolvetheHubbletension,adifferenceinthewayswemeasuretheexpansionrateofthecosmos.Measurementsofthismadebyanalysingnearbygalaxies(knownas“local”measurements)giveanexpansionrate,orHubbleconstant,whichisslightlyhigherthantheoneobtainedfromthecosmicmicrowavebackground(CMB)—theremainingradiationfromtheearlyuniverse.CMBmeasurementsrelyonatheoreticalmodelofcosmicevolution,whichmayneedadjustmentifGarda’sproposaliscorrect.Byallowingenergytransferbetweendarkmatteranddarkenergy,theadjustedmodelcouldbringCMB-basedestimatesmorecloselyintolinewithlocalmeasurements,potentiallyresolvingthetension.Anotherproposedsolutioninvolvesdarkradiation,aninvisibleformofradiationsimilartolightbutcomposedofdarkphotons(光子).TamarAllaliatBrownUniversityandhisteamsuggestthatdarkradiationcouldexplaintheDESIdataandlessenedtheHubbletensionbyincreasingtheuniverse’sexpansionrateinitsearlystages.“Ifyouhavemoreradiation,theexpansionisfasterintheearlyuniverse,”saysAllali.Unlikeadjustmentstodarkenergy,darkradiationintroducesanewcomponentwithoutchangingexistingphysicallaws,makingitamoreconservativeapproach.AllalinotesthattheDESIdatadoesnotruleoutdarkradiationandevenshowsaslightpreferenceforit.Bothmodels—interactingdarkenergyanddarkradiation—fittheDESIdata,butneitherhasbeenconfirmed.ShawnSmithattheUniversityofEdinburgh,UK,pointsoutthatwhilemanyunconventionalmodelscouldexplaintheobservations,nonecurrentlycompetewiththestandardcosmologicalmodelfromafundamentalphysicsperspective.Nevertheless,thesemodelsserveascatalystsforprogress,ensuringthatcosmologyremainsadynamicandevolvingfield.32.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thedevelopmentofscientificmodelstostudytheuniverse.B.Thediscoveryofdarkenergyanditsimpactontheuniverse.C.TheimportanceofDESIinstudyingtheuniverse’sbehavior.D.Theattemptstoexplaintheuniverse’sunexpectedexpansion.33.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Garda’sproposaloutperformsAllali’sinitssimplicity.B.Recentresearchhasfoundwaysfordarkenergytransfer.C.TheDESIdatahasconfirmedtheexistenceofdarkradiation.D.ThetwomodelssharesimilaritiesinreducingHubbletension.34Thepassageisorganizedinthepatternof________.A.cause—effect—solution B.problem—solution—evaluationC.example—analysis—conclusion D.introduction—comparison—result第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Expertshavewarnedthatanobsession(痴迷)withhealthyeatingcancausementalhealthproblems.Asurveyamongmentalhealthprofessionalsfound90%ofthosesurveyed,likeinpreviousresearch,hadseenpatientswithorthorexianervosa(ON).____35____Thesurveyfoundsomepatientscutoutfoodslikefish,meatordairy,consideringthem“unclean”.Theirfixationon“pure”foodsleadstodeficiencies(缺陷)likeiron-deficiencyanaemiaorvitaminB12deficiency.Forexample,DrNiketSonpalfoundthathispatientsdidn’tconsumeenoughcalories,minerals,proteinorcarbohydrates.Somepatientsevencutoutentirefoodgroupsafterthebigdinnersofholidays.____36____ThetermONwascoinedin1997byDr.StevenBratman.Henoticedpatients’extremedietscausedmalnutrition,anxiety,andevendeath.____37____Itposesasignificantchallenge.Healthcareprovidersmaynotbetrainedtospotthesignseasily,andpatientsmightnotbeawaretheireatinghabits.Asaresult,diagnosisandtreatmentaredelayed.____38____HealthcareprovidersneedtobeattentivetoidentifyanddealwithONinpatients,providingsupportsuchasnutritionaladvice,psychologicalaid,anddiet-diversityeducation.Thepublicneedstoknowtherisksofoverlystricteating.____39____Truewell-beingcomesfromahealthyrelationshipwithfood,notanobsessionwith“clean”eating.Bytakingthesesteps,wecanpreventmentalhealthissuescausedbyfixatingonhealthyeatingandpromoteaculturewherefoodbringsbothnourishmentandjoy.A.Despiteitsrisks,ONisn’tofficiallyrecognisedasaneatingdisorder.B.Someonlinehealthcommunitiesprovidesomeself-treatmentmethods.C.ONpatientsshoweddoubleddepressionratescomparedtonon-sufferers.D.Mediaandsocialplatformscanpromoteamorerealisticviewofnutrition.E.Hence,expertswarnedthatahealthydietshouldnotsimplybeseenasasourceofrestriction.F.Inlightofthefindings,themedicalcommunityandthepublicshouldtakeabalancedviewonhealthyeating.G.Basically,orthorexiaisafixationoneatingonlyhealthyorpurefoods,orwhatanindividualperceivesashealthyorpure.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Inthedigitalage,technologyistransforminghowwecommunicateandinteract.Whatwereoncescience-fictiontechideasarenowreality.Inthe2002filmMinorityReport,JohnAndertonusedadataglove,andnowtouch-basedcomputingiscommon.Similargaminginteractionmethodshaveappearedsince2006.Thesearejustatasteofwhat’stocome.MITcomputerscientistThomasKofflerpredictedthatvirtualtouch-basedcomputingisthefutureofhuman-computerinterfaces.Healsosuggestedthatanevenmoreexcitingareaofresearch,onethatwilltransformhowwecommunicatewithcomputersoverthelongerterm,isso-calledbrain-computerinterface(BCI).Today’sresearchonBCIworksonarelatedidea:thebrainmakesuseofelectricalsignalsanelectricalcode,tosendandprocessinformation.Asthebrainrunsonelectricalsignals,assumingthesecanbeaccuratelyread,thesignalsthusallowustocommunicatewithexternaldevicesthroughthetransmissionofelectricalimpulses(脉冲)directlyfromthebrain.Intheory,itshouldbepossibletousebrainsignalsthatmoveyourarmandhandtocontrolaroboticarm,e.g.,topickupacoffeecup.Researchofthiskindisongoing.Cochlearimplants(人工耳蜗),allowingthehardofhearingtohear,arecurrentlythemostwidelyavailableuseforthistechnology.TheprincipleofBCIenablesbrainsignalstocommunicatewiththeimplant,therebyovercomingthedamagedpartoftheear.Inthefuture,itmaybepossibleforimplantsinthebraintoallowustocommunicatedirectlywithandcontrolawidevarietyofdevices,usingthepowerofthoughtalone.Today,computersandsmartphoneswithfixedcamerasenablereal-timeface-to-facechat.Nextupcouldbetelepresencerobots,whichletapersonremotelysee,movearound,andinteract.Idealfortele-conferencingandremotesitetours,theirpotentialisclear.Ultimately,thedrivingforcebehinddigitalcommunication’snextstageisthecooperativeintelligencethatmakeshumansexceptionalcommunicators.40.AccordingtoThomasKoffler,whatwilltransformthewaywecommunicatewithcomputersoverthelongerterm?_____________________________________________________________________________________41.Howdoelectricalsignalsallowustocommunicatewithexternaldevices?_____________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TheprincipleofBCIenablesbrainsignalstodirectlyfixthedamagedpartoftheear._____________________________________________________________________________________43.DoyouthinkBCIwillmakeourlivesbetter?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________________________________第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的外国好友Jim打算在学校举办的世界非物质文化遗产展示周（WorldIntangibleCulturalHeritageExhibitionWeek）中介绍中国非物质文化遗产，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括：1.你推荐的非物质文化遗产；2.简要说明理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________