电源控制柜工作原理BUSELECTRICALINSTALL

电源控制柜工作原理Speaker主讲人Zhangjia张嘉ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客车电气装置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATION电源控制柜工作原理早期制造目前仍在运用中的25G、25K型空调客车均采用集中供电方式，通过车端电力连接器和车下主干线，将发电车的电源传输到列车中的各辆客车。Theearlymanufactured25Gand25Kair-conditionedpassengercarsstilluseacentralizedpowersupplymethod.Thepowerfromthegeneratorcaristransmittedtoeachpassengercarinthetrainthroughthevehicle-sidepowerconnectorandthemainlineunderthecar.双路主干线供电采用AC380V/220V，频率50Hz三相四线制供电模式。ThedualmainlinepowersupplyadoptsanAC380V/220V,50Hzthree-phasefour-wirepowersupplymode.每车应急电源箱与蓄电池共同构成本车直流DC48V供电系统。Eachcar’semergencypowersupplyboxandbatterytogetherconstitutetheDC48Vpowersupplysystemforthecar.电源控制柜工作原理25G、25K型空调客车电气装置基本相同，按所在车辆的不同位置可分为：Theelectricaldevicesofthe25Gand25Kair-conditionedpassengercarsarethesame.Theycanbedividedintothefollowingcategoriesbasedontheirlocationsinthevehicle:车底电气装置Undercarriageelectricaldevices:车底两路供电干线布置在贯穿车底架的两条长圆型冷拔金属线管内，通过设在车下的接线箱与车端连接器及配电室的电源控制柜相连。Twopowersupplymainlinesarrangedintwolongcylindricalmetalconduitsthattraversetheundercarriageframe.Theyareconnectedtothepowercontrolcabinetinthedistributionroomthroughthejunctionboxlocatedunderthecarandthevehicle-sidepowerconnector.轴温报警装置的传感器连线。Thesensorwiringoftheaxletemperaturewarningdevice.防滑系统的速度传感器、防滑阀线。Thespeedsensorandanti-skidvalvewiringoftheanti-skidsystem.蓄电池及其配线。Thebatteryanditswiring.1234电源控制柜工作原理25G、25K型空调客车电气装置基本相同，按所在车辆的不同位置可分为：Theelectricaldevicesofthe25Gand25Kair-conditionedpassengercarsarethesame.Theycanbedividedintothefollowingcategoriesbasedontheirlocationsinthevehicle:车端电气装置Vehicle-sideelectricaldevices:KC20A电力连接器、KTL-15G集控连接器、播音连接器、车端的一、四位各设一个尾灯插座。KC20Apowerconnector,KTL-15Gcentralizedcontrolconnector,broadcastconnectorandtaillightsocketsatpositionsoneandfourofthevehicle.车内电气装置与控制系统Interiorelectricaldevicesandcontrolsystems:主要包括照明系统、播音系统的主干线和分支线等，还包括照明、轴报控制单元、电源控制单元、应急电源和空调控制单元等。Maintrunklinesandbranchlinesofthelightingsystemandbroadcastsystem,controlunitsforlighting,axlealarm,powercontrol,emergencypowerandairconditioning.电源控制柜工作原理按用电装置供电电压制式分，可分为Basedonthevoltagestandardsoftheelectricaldevices,theycanbedividedinto：25G、25K型全列空调客车中电气设备较多，本章将主要介绍电源控制柜、照明控制柜和应急电源等主要电气设备的组成与原理。The25Gand25Kseriesfull-trainair-conditionedpassengercarshavemanyelectricaldevices.Inthischapter,wewillmainlyintroducethecompositionandprinciplesofthemainelectricaldevicessuchasthepowercontrolcabinet,lightingcontrolcabinetandemergencypowersupply.交流（AC380V/220V）用电装置ACelectricaldevices:空调机组、通风机、电茶炉、电热温水箱等Airconditioningunits,ventilationfans,electrickettles,electricwaterheaters,etc.直流（DC48V）用电装置DCelectricaldevices:轴温报警装置、防滑器、应急灯、尾灯和共线电话电源等。Axletemperaturealarmdevices,anti-skiddevices,emergencylights,taillightsandtelephonepowersupplies.电源控制柜工作原理客车电源控制柜的主要作用Themainfunctionofthebus’spowercontrolcabinet为防止短路Topreventshortcircuits电源控制柜主回路Maincircuitofpowercontrolcabinet一、电源控制柜PowerControlCabinet是对来自发电车的一路和二路供电进行选择，并分配输出交流电供空调控制柜、应急电源箱、照明控制箱、电热、电茶炉、排风扇、电插座等用电负载使用。具有过载、短路、机械互锁保护以及电流和电压指示功能。Themainfunctionofthebus’spowercontrolcabinetistoselectanddistributetheACpowersupplyfromthegeneratorcartotheairconditioningcontrolcabinet,emergencypowersupplybox,lightingcontrolbox,electricheaters,electrickettles,exhaustfansandelectricaloutlets.Ithasoverloadprotection,shortcircuitprotection,mechanicalinterlockprotectionandcurrent-voltageindicationfunctions.输入切换采用KM1、KM2主接触器辅助触头互锁和KA1转换开关互锁，同时对两路输入分别加入空气开关加以隔离和保护。TheinputswitchingusestheKM1andKM2maincontactorswithauxiliaryinterlockingcontactsandtheKA1transferswitchwithinterlock.Thetwoinputsarealsoisolatedandprotectedbyairswitches.电源为三相交流380V、50Hz，控制回路电源为单相交流220V、50Hz，其组成与原理(长春客车厂YZ25K型客车)如图4-1所示。柜内各主要电气元件的型号规格见表4-1。Themaincircuitpowersupplyofthepowercontrolcabinetisthree-phaseAC380V,50Hz,thecontrolcircuitpowersupplyissingle-phaseAC220V,50Hz.Thecompositionandprinciplesareshowninthediagram.Themodelspecificationsofthemainelectricalcomponentsinsidethecabinetarelistedinthetable.电源控制柜工作原理图4-1电源控制柜原理图电源控制柜工作原理顺号代号名称数量型号规格附注1KA1万能转换开关1LW12

2KA2万能转换开关1LW12

3PA交流电流表1441-A0-100A

4PV交流电压表1441-V0-400V

5TA电流互感器11N1-05100/5A

6KM1、KM2交流接触器23TF50AC220V无水213厂7FU1、FU2、FU4、FU5熔断器4熔断体1ART18型

8HL1、HL2指示灯2AD11,220V绿色9Q9空气开关1C45N3P25A

10Q1、Q2空气开关2NC100H3P100A

11Q3、Q4空气开关2C45N3P16A

12Q5空气开关1C45AD3P1A

13Q6空气开关1C45N3P10A

14Q7空气开关1C45N3P16A

15DC电开水炉15kW

16DRⅠ、DRⅡ客室电热器Ⅰ、Ⅱ

各6.05kW

17M排风异步电动机190W表4-1电源控制柜主要电气元件电源控制柜工作原理使用时按以下方法操作Whenusing,followthefollowingsteps:闭合空气开关Q1、Q2，将Ⅰ、Ⅱ路供电选择开关KA1置Ⅰ路供电位或Ⅱ路供电位。CloseairswitchesQ1andQ2andsettheKA1selectorswitchtothepositionofeitherthe"Route1"or"Route2"powersupply.1Ⅰ路供电时,接触器KM1得电吸合，指示灯HL1点亮；WhenRoute1isselected,contactorKM1isenergizedandtheindicatorlightHL1lightsup.Ⅱ路供电时,接触器KM2得电吸合，指示灯HL2点亮。WhenRoute2isselected,contactorKM2isenergizedandtheindicatorlightHL2lightsup.电源控制柜工作原理2当选择Ⅰ或Ⅱ路供电时，将电压测量选择开关KA2打到相应位置，可实现Ⅰ路或Ⅱ路电压测量。WhenselectingRoute1orRoute2powersupply,setthevoltagemeasurementselectorswitchKA2tothecorrespondingpositionforvoltagemeasurement.Q9Q4Q3Q5Q6Q7电源控制柜工作原理3闭合空气开关Q3，Ⅰ路电热器工作；CloseairswitchQ3forRoute1electricheateroperation.闭合空气开关Q4，Ⅱ路电热器工作；CloseairswitchQ4forRoute2electricheateroperation.Q3、Q4同时闭合，Ⅰ、Ⅱ路电热器同时工作。CloseQ3andQ4simultaneouslyforsimultaneousoperationofRoute