北京市第四中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

北京四中2022-2023学年度第一学期期中试卷高三英语(试卷满分为100分，考试时间为100分钟)第一部分：知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Threeofhisnovelshavebeen________fortelevision.A.applauded B.adapted C.applied D.adopted【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的三部小说已被改编成电视剧。A.applauded称赞；B.adapted改编；C.applied申请；D.adopted采用。根据前文的“novels”以及后文的“television”可知，此处考查固定搭配beadaptedfor意为“被改编为”，此处指小说被改编成电视剧。故选B项。2.Themuseum________manyofthetreasuresfromTangDynasty.A.hosts B.harvests C.houses D.holds【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个博物馆收藏了许多唐代的珍宝。A.hosts主办；B.harvests收割；C.houses收藏；D.holds拿着。根据后文“thetreasuresfromTangDynasty”可知，此句是博物馆收藏了许多珍宝之意。故选C项。3.TheChinatowninSanFranciscoisaverypopulartourist________.A.digest B.draw C.distinction D.division【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：旧金山的唐人街是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点。A.digest摘要；B.draw有吸引力的物；C.distinction区别；D.division分开。根据上文“averypopulartourist”可知为短语touristdraw表示“旅游胜地”。故选B。4.I________mythoughts,tookadeepbreath,andenteredtheinterviewroom.A.updated B.raised C.cleared D.collected【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我整理好思绪，深吸了一口气，走进了面试室。A.updated更新；B.raised提升；C.cleared清理；D.collected聚集。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定搭配collectone’sthoughts，意为“集中思想”。根据后文的“interviewroom”可知，“我”是在面试，所以要集中精神。故选D项。5.He________thatsuchthingsshouldneverbedone.A.maintained B.suspected C.wondered D.recommended【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：他坚持认为这种事决不应该做。A.maintained坚持；B.suspected怀疑；C.wondered想知道；D.recommended推荐。根据句意和that从句中的should可知，该句子的谓语动词应该用maintain（表示“主张”的动词，如“insist”(坚持)，“maintain”(主张)，“hold”(主张)，“urge”(敦促)等后接宾语从句时，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”）。故选A项。6.Shehasbeenawardedwithmanyprizesin________ofherservicestosociety.A.memory B.recognition C.expression D.charge【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她被授予许多奖项以表彰她对社会的贡献。A.memory记忆；B.recognition认可；C.expression表达；D.charge掌管。根据后文“ofherservicestosociety”可知为短语inrecognitionof，表示“表彰”，故选B。7.Anyone,oncetested________forthebirdfluvirus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.A.positive B.possible C.potential D.proper【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何禽流感病毒检测呈阳性的人，都将得到我国政府的免费治疗。A.positive阳性的；B.possible可能的；C.potential潜在的；D.proper适当的。根据后文“willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment”得到免费治疗可知，是已得禽流感，所以是positive检测为阳性符合句意。故选A项。8.Rulesofonlinevotingshouldbeworkedoutandstrictly________.A.passed B.permitted C.observed D.proved【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该制定网上投票的规则并严格遵守。A.passed通过；B.permitted允许；C.observed遵守，观察；D.proved证明。根据上文“Rulesofonlinevotingshouldbeworkedoutandstrictly”指遵守规则，故选C。9.Fromthenon,we’vekeptintouchwitheachother________e-mails.A.on B.through C.beyond D.against【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我们一直通过电子邮件保持联系。A.on在……上，关于；B.through通过；C.beyond超过；D.against反对。根据前文的“keptintouch”可知，是表达“通过电子邮件保持联系”之意。故选B项。10.When________onalongwalk,Ialwayswearsuitableshoes.A.gettingoff B.lettingoff C.settingout D.puttingout【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当出发远行时，我总是穿合适的鞋子。A.gettingoff下车；B.lettingoff释放；C.settingout出发，启程；D.puttingout熄灭。根据句意可知，应该是出发远行时，穿合适的鞋子，“setout”意为“出发，启程”，符合语境，句子为时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有“be”，可省略从句主语和“be”，省略前为“WhenIamsettingoutonalongwalk”，故空格处应填“settingout”。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I’vebeenfarmingsheeponahillsidefor54years.Iuseasmalltractortogetabout.MydogDonalwayssitsbesidemeinthepassengerseat.OnemorningI___11___alostlambwhenIwasinthetopfield,nearwhereamotorwaycutsthroughmyland.Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother,soIjumpedoutofthetractortotendtoitwhileDonstayedinhisseat.Lambandmother___12___.Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmovesuddenlyawayfromme.Thiswasso___13___becauseIhadputthehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.Obviously,Donhadsomehowmadethe___14___move.MyheartfrozeinmychestasIsawthetractorheadingtowardsthe___15___.Irandesperatelybutfailedto___16___.Itcrashedthroughawoodenfenceanddisappeared.ThelastthingIsawwasDon’sface,lookingcalmlybackatme.Heartinmouth,Ireachedthefenceandlookedover.Thetractorwas___17___againstthecrashbarrierinthecentralreservation,havingmiraculously(奇迹般地)crossedthe___18___roadwithfast-flowingtraffic.Icouldn’tseeDon,butasI___19___thetractor,hejumpedoutontotheroad,apparentlyunhurtandracedbacktome.Donwasgivenaspecial___20___thatnight—Ididn’twanthimtothinkIwasangrywithhim.11.A.dropped B.spotted C.carried D.returned12.A.freed B.switched C.reunited D.examined13.A.unexpected B.dangerous C.embarrassing D.difficult14.A.lamb B.vehicle C.seat D.fence15.A.crowd B.hill C.field D.motorway16.A.takeoff B.catchup C.holdback D.getout17.A.resting B.running C.parking D.turning18A.winding B.deserted C.rough D.busy19A.abandoned B.recognized C.approached D.repaired20.A.meal B.test C.job D.lesson【答案】11.B12.C13.A14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.C20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者为了救一只迷路的小羊羔，拉了手刹把拖拉机停下，结果车上的狗Don不知怎么把车启动了，车子穿过护栏冲向高速公路，幸运的是最终没人受重伤。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早晨，当我在靠近高速公路穿过我的土地的最上面的田地时，我发现了一只迷路的羔羊。A.dropped下降；B.spotted发现；C.carried携带；D.returned返回。根据下文“Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother,soIjumpedoutofthetractortotendtoit”对小羊的描述及下文作者去照顾它可知，作者发现了一只小羊。故选B项。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和妈妈团聚了，我转向拖拉机，却看到拖拉机突然离我而去。A.freed释放；B.switched转变；C.reunited团聚；D.examined检查。根据上文“Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother”以及后文“lturnedbacktothetractor”可知，小羊羔和妈妈走散了，我下车帮他，现在作者转身走向拖拉机，是因为作者把小羊送回妈妈身边。故选C项。【13题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车的时候手刹已经拉上了。A.unexpected出乎意料的；B.dangerous危险的；C.embarrassing令人尴尬的；D.difficult困难的。根据空后“becauselhadputthehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.”可知，作者下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以车子突然开动很出乎意料。故选A项。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，Don让车动了起来。A.lamb小羊；B.vehicle车辆；C.seat座位；D.fence栅栏。根据上文“Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmovesuddenlyawayfromme.”可知，此处指车辆在动。故选B项。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机驶向高速公路时，我的心都僵住了。A.crowd人群；B.hill山丘；C.field田地；D.motorway高速公路。根据下文“Thetractorwas7againstthecrashbarrierinthecentralreservation,havingmiraculously(奇迹般地)crossedthe8roadwithfast-flowingtraffic.”可知，车子奇迹般地穿过了车流繁忙的马路，所以是驶向了高速公路。故选D项。【16题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命跑，但是没有追上。A.takeoff脱下；B.catchup赶上；C.holdback抑制；D.getout出去。根据语境及下文“Itcrashedthroughawoodenfenceanddisappeared.”可知，作者看到拖拉机冲向高速公路，应是拼命跑着去追，但是没有追上。故选B项。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机靠在中央保留地的防撞护栏上，奇迹般地穿过了交通繁忙的道路。A.resting(使)倚靠；B.running跑步；C.parking停车；D.turning翻转。根据下文“havingmiraculously(奇迹般地)crossedthe8roadwithfast-flowingtraffic.”及语境可知，拖拉机穿过马路，靠在了中央保留地的防撞护栏上。故选A项。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机靠在中央保留地的防撞护栏上，奇迹般地穿过了交通繁忙的道路。A.winding弯曲的；B.deserted被遗弃的；C.rough粗糙的；D.busy繁忙的。根据空后“withfast-flowingtraffic”可知，这条路交通繁忙。故选D项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没看见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，他跳到了路上，显然没有受伤，然后冲回我身边。A.abandoned遗弃；B.recognized认出；C.approached接近；D.repaired修理。根据上文“Icouldn’tseeDon”可知，作者没看见Don，所以应是上前查看。故选C项。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上Don吃了一顿特别的饭——我不想让他认为我在生他的气。A.meal一餐；B.test测验；C.job工作；D.lesson课程。根据下文“Ididn’twanthimtothinkIwasangrywithhim.”可知，我不想让Don认为我在生他的气，而由上文可知，Don是一条狗，结合选项，应该是一顿特别的饭。故选A项。第三节(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theday’strackworkoutispostedonthebulletinboardinthelockerroom.AsIreadtheschedule,myheart___21___(drop).Today’spracticeconsistsofa1200,800and400meters’runningwitha5-minutewarm-upandcool-down.ThebutterfliesinmystomachbegintoflutterasIstarttodoubt___22___I’mingoodenoughshapetocompletethis.Iammyownworstenemy.Slowly,Igetdressed.AsItiemyrunningshoes,Ifighttheurge___23___(hide)somewhere,anywhere.【答案】21.drops22.if##whether23.tohide【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者看到田径训练项目后的心理活动。【21题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我看到日程表时，我的心怦怦直跳。根据全文的时态是一般现在时确定空格处的谓语动词也应该用一般现在时；由主语是myheart确定谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填drops。【22题详解】考查连词。句意：我开始怀疑我的身体状况是否足够好来完成这项工作。根据句意和空格前的动词doubt分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个宾语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，从句成分完整，但缺少“是否”之意，应用if/whether引导。故填if或whether。【23题详解】考查不定式。句意：当我系好跑鞋时，我抑制住了想藏在某个地方的冲动。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是定语，修饰前面的名词urge，而名词urge后面应该用不定式作定语，表示“干……的冲动”。故填tohide。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinks___24___(bring)inhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicted,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.First___25___(announce)inApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,___26___(introduce)tohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingtoomuch,almostthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthemata___27___(high)riskofthediseasethanthoseinthepastdecade.【答案】24.hasbrought25.announced26.wasintroduced27.higher【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收糖税的原因。【24题详解】考查时态。句意：英国政府对软饮料征收糖税的首份官方数据显示，该政策带来的税收是大臣们最初预期的一半。根据句意和下文的“thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown”可知，空格处的谓语动词也应该用现在完成时；因为主语是“TheGovernment’ssugartax”，所以助动词应该用has。故填hasbrought。【25题详解】考查过去分词。句意：该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。根据句意分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式作状语，announce和句中主语thetax之间是逻辑被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语。故填announced。【26题详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5g软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，陈述过去的事实，且句子主语和谓语动词introduce之间是被动关系，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态；根据主语thetax确定谓语动词用单数形式。故填wasintroduced。【27题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：据信，现在的儿童和青少年摄入了太多的糖，几乎是推荐水平的三倍，使他们比过去十年的人患糖尿病的风险更高。根据句意和下文的than可知，空格处应该用所给形容词high的比较级形式higher。故填higher。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AncientvolcanoesonthemoonlikelyleftmorewaterthanwhatsitsinLakeMichiganlockedinicebeneaththelunarsurface.Thisisapotentialsourcefor___28___(astronaut),theresearchersfromtheUniversityofColoradohaveconcludedinanewlypublishedstudy.ThefindingsreflectNASAinterestinpossibilitiesforalong-termmoonbase,___29___requireswatersuppliesfordrinkingandproducingrocketfuel.NASAinvestigationsin2020confirmedtheydetectedwatercrystalsonthesurfaceofthemoon,___30___(indicate)morewaterthanpreviouslybelievedmaybepresent.【答案】28.astronauts29.which30.indicating【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。月球上的古代火山留下的水被封锁在月球表面下的冰里。经研究证实，月球上可能存在比之前认为更多的水。【28题详解】考查名词复数。句意：科罗拉多大学的研究人员在一项新发表的研究中得出结论：对于宇航员来说，这是一个潜在的来源。空处需填名词作介词for的宾语，astronaut是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填astronauts。【29题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些发现反映了美国宇航局对建立长期月球基地的可能性的兴趣，该基地需要水为其供应饮用和生产火箭燃料。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，该从句缺主语，且指代前面的基地，又有逗号隔开，指物，故填which。【30题详解】考查现在分词。句意：NASA在2020年进行的调查证实，他们在月球表面发现了水晶体，表明月球上可能存在比之前认为更多的水。分析句子可知，该空应用非谓语形式，依据句意，表示自然而然的结果应用现在分词形式，故填indicating。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFourwinterwonderlandsforcold-weathergetaways◆JWMarriottTheRosseauMuskokaBeatanyholidaystresswiththenewHydroSpaopeningatMuskoka’sJWMarriottonNov.1.Theoutdoorwaterentertainmentwillbeopenyear-round,offeringmultiplewaystorelaxincludingsea-saltfloatingpoolsandhotbathtubs.Staysfrom$349/night◆OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotelThishistoricinninNiagaraFallsoffersmultiplewaystorelax.There’sWinterfest,mealsenjoyedindiningdomes(穹顶)housedintheinn’sprivatesquare,andtheAlpineClubofferingroastednutsandwinearoundafirepit.ThepropertywillhostitsannualholidaymarketonNov.26.Staysfrom$249/night◆DromolandCastleIfyou’regoingtogobig—andfurtheraway—forNewYear’s,youmayaswellgoblacktie.ThisgrandestateinwesternIrelandisofferingathree-nightcelebrationpackage,beginningeitherDec.30or31.TheeventonNewYear’sEveincludesacocktailreceptionandsix-coursedinner.Guestswillhaveaccesstovariousactivitiesontheproperty’s450acresincludinghuntingandfarming.Staysfrom$2,051/night◆St.RegisAspenAlongwithaccesstomanyskioptions,thehotel’sguestscanexpectfamily-friendlyfunduringtheweekleadinguptoDec.25.Theworkshophereisacraftroomwhereattendeescanmakeeverythingfromtoystogiftsbyhand.Additionalsessionscoverwintercookingandhousedecorating.StaysfromUS$899/night31.HowoftenistheholidaymarketopeninOldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel?A.Yearly. B.Daily. C.Monthly. D.Weekly.32.WhatactivitiescanyouenjoyifyoustayatSt.RegisAspen?A.Hunting. B.Floating. C.Skating. D.DIY.33.Whichmayofferlifeexperienceinthecountryside?A.St.RegisAspen. B.OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel.C.DromolandCastle. D.JWMarriottTheRosseauMuskoka.【答案】31.A32.D33.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个冬季避寒胜地。【详解】1.细节理解题。由OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel这一部分中的“ThepropertywillhostitsannualholidaymarketonNov.26.”（该酒店将于11月26日举办一年一度的假日市场。）可知，OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel的假日市场一年举办一次。故选A项。2.细节理解题。由St.RegisAspen这一部分中的“Santa’sWorkshopisacraftroomwhereattendeescanmakeeverythingfromtoystogiftsbyhand.”（圣诞老人的工作室是一个工艺室，参加者可以手工制作从玩具到礼物的所有东西。）可知，在St.RegisAspen里，参加者可以手工制作自己喜欢的东西。故选D项。3.细节理解题。由DromolandCastle这一部分中的“Guestswillhaveaccesstovariousactivitiesontheproperty’s450acresincludinghuntingandfarming.”（客人将可以在这酒店450英亩的地域里参加各种活动，包括狩猎和农业。）可知，游客可以在DromolandCastle里体验乡村生活。故选C项。BHonkifYouLoveBirdsWhenArielCordova-RojasrodeherbiketoJamaicaBayWildlifeRefugeinQueens,NewYork,lastNovember,sheplannedtogohikingandbird-watching.Bingo!Amileintoherwalk,shespottedagorgeousfemalemuteswannearthewater’sedge.Cordova-Rojas,30,whohadworkedattheWildBirdFundrehabilitationcenterinManhattan,knewthatmuteswanscanbeaggressive.Butassheapproachedthisone,itdidn’tmove.Shewascertainthatthebirdneededmedicalattention.Cordova-Rojasdrapedherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm,carefullypickeditup,andhelditinherarms.Andthenathoughtstruckher:WhatdoIdonow?Herbestbetwastherehabcenter,butthatwasacrosstheEastRiverandclearontheothersideoftown.Howwasshegoingtotransporta17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway?Luckily,somebemusedstrangersdrivingbyofferedher,herbike,andtheswanalifttoanearbysubwaystation.Onthesubway,nooneseemedparticularlyannoyedbythefeatheredpassenger.“Oneguy”,saysCordova-Rojas,“wassittingrightinfrontofmeonhisphone.Idon’tknowifhenoticedtherewasaswaninfrontofhim.”Cordova-Rojascalledtherehabcenterontheway,andTristanHiggin,ananimal-caremanager,pickedherupatthesubwaystationanddrovebird,bike,andrescuertothefacility.There,staffmembersdeterminedthattheswanmighthaveleadpoisoning,causedbyswallowingweightsusedonfishinglines.Thestaffgottheswanbackuponherwebbedfeet.Sheevenmadeaboyfriendatthecenter—anotherinjuredswan.Sadly,evenwithallthatTLC,theswancontractedabacterialinfection.TwomonthsafterCordova-Rojascametoherrescue,shepassedaway.It’sadisappointingending,buttherealstoryisjusthowfarsomepeoplearewillingtogotosaveaswaninthebigcity—literally.“Inall,Cordova-Rojastraveledtwohoursbyfoot,car,andsubway,”saysHigginbotham,“That’stheperfectsummaryofwhosheis.”34.WhathappenedwhenArielCordova-RojaswentonhertriptoQueens?A.Shewasattackedbyanaggressiveswanwhenwatchingbirds.B.Shediscoveredasickmuteswanandtookittotherehabcenter.C.AfemaleswanwastransportedtoJamaicaBayWildlifeRefuge.D.Afemaleswanwasliftedtothenearbysubwaystationbystrangers.35.Whatcanwelearnabouttheswaninthepassage?A.Ithadneverbeentoarehabcenterbefore.B.Itbotheredthetravelersonthesubway.C.ItwaspoisonedandthencontractedaninfectionD.Itwassuccessfullyrescuedbyallthepassers-by.36.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeArielCordova-Rojas?A.Enthusiasticandcreative. B.Warm-heartedandprofessional.C.Cooperativeandgenerous. D.Responsibleandambitious.【答案】34.B35.C36.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名为ArielCordova-Rojas女士不辞辛劳地救助一只受伤的天鹅的故事。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Amileintoherwalk,shespottedagorgeousfemalemuteswannearthewater’sedge.（步行一英里后，她在水边发现了一只美丽的雌性疣鼻天鹅）”和第三段的句子“Herbestbetwastherehabcenter,butthatwasacrosstheEastRiverandclearontheothersideoftown.（她最好的选择是康复中心，但那里在东河对面，在城镇的另一边）”以及第五段的第一句话“Cordova-Rojascalledtherehabcenterontheway,andTristanHiggin,ananimal-caremanager,pickedherupatthesubwaystationanddrovebird,bike,andrescuertothefacility.（Cordova-Rojas在路上给康复中心打了电话，动物护理经理TristanHiggin在地铁站接了她，把鸟、自行车和救援车送到了康复中心）”可知，Cordova-Rojas发现了受伤的天鹅并把它送到了康复中心。故选B项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“There,staffmembersdeterminedthattheswanmighthaveleadpoisoning,causedbyswallowingweightsusedonfishinglines.（在那里，工作人员确定这只天鹅可能是铅中毒，因为它吞下了钓鱼线上的重物）”可知，天鹅是因为铅中毒而受伤的；根据第六段的句子“Sadly,evenwithallthatTLC,theswancontractedabacterialinfection.（不幸的是，即使有了所有的TLC，天鹅还是感染了细菌）”可知，天鹅感染了细菌。故选C项。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据Cordova-Rojas对天鹅的救助行为和第一段的句子“Cordova-Rojas,30,whohadworkedattheWildBirdFundrehabilitationcenterinManhattan,knewthatmuteswanscanbeaggressive.（30岁的Cordova-Rojas曾在曼哈顿野生鸟类基金会康复中心工作，她知道疣鼻天鹅可能具有攻击性）”和第二段的句子“Shewascertainthatthebirdneededmedicalattention.Cordova-Rojasdrapedherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm,carefullypickeditup,andhelditinherarms.（她确信这只鸟需要医疗照顾。Cordova-Rojas用自己的夹克盖住鸟儿的头，让它保持冷静，然后小心翼翼地把它捡起来，抱在怀里）”可知，Cordova-Rojas很热心和专业。故选B项。CWhatarepillowsreallystuffedwith?Notphysically,butsymbolically?Thequestionoccurredtomewiththephotosinthenewsandsocialmediafromthe50citiesaroundtheworldthatstagedpubliccelebrationsforInternationalPillowFightDay.Armedwithnothingmorethanbring-our-ownsacrificialcushions,strangersstruckheavilyeachotherinplayfulfeatherfromAmsterdamtoAtlanta,WarsawtoWashingtonDC.Butwhy?Isthereanythingmoretothisdelightfulcelebration?Asaculturalsign,thepillowisdeceptivelysoft.Sinceatleastthe16thCentury,thehumblepillowhasbeengivenunexpectedmeanings.TheChineseplaywrightTangXianzutellsafamousstoryaboutawisemanwhomeetsadepressedyoungscholarataninnandoffershimamagicpillowfilledwiththemostvividdreamsofaseeminglymorefulfillinglife.Whentheyoungmanawakenstodiscoverthathishappy50-yeardreamhasinfactcomeandgoneintheshortspaceofanafternoon’snap,ourimpressionofthepillow’spowershiftsfromwondertoterror.Subsequentwritershavelikewiseseizeduponthepillow.Whenthe19th-CenturyEnglishnovelistCharlotteBrontepoeticallyobserved“aruffled(不平的)mindmakesarestlesspillow”,shedidn’tjustchangetheexpectedorderoftheadjectivesandnouns,butinsteadshemadeuncleartheboundariesbetweenmindandmatter—thethingrestingandthethingrestedupon.It’satrickperhapsBrontelearnedfromtheRenaissancephilosopherMontaigne,whoonceinsistedthat“ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead”.OnMontaigne’sthinking,intelligenceandhappinessconfronteachotherforeverinapillowfightthatonlyonecanwin.WiththewordsofTang.Bronte,andMontaigne,wecanperhapsmoreeasilymeasuretheattractionoftheglobalpillowfight.Likearitualofrelease,theannualinternationalpillowfightamountstoakindofcleansing,abrushingoffofdailyworries:anemptyingoftheworld’scollectivemind.Ratherthanalaunch-padforweightlessrest,thepillowisasymbolofheavythought:ananchorthatdragstheworld’ssouldown—onethatmustbelightened.37.TheexampleofTangXianzuisusedtoillustratethat________.A.pillowsgivepeoplesatisfactorydreamsB.dreamsarealwayswonderfulwhiletherealworldiscruelC.people’simpressionofpillowschangesfromwondertoterrorD.pillowssymbolicallyconveythemeaningincontrasttotheirsoftappearance38.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatCharlotteBronte________.A.wrotepoemsaboutpillowsB.regardedpillowsasreflectionsofourmindsC.sharedthesameviewpointasTangXianzuonpillowsD.waslikelytohavebeeninfluencedbythethoughtsoftheRenaissance39.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4“ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead”mostprobablymeans________.A.pillowsgiveuscomfortB.pillowsmakepeoplemoreintelligentC.peoplewithtoomanythoughtshavelessinnerpeaceD.peoplecaneasilyfallasleepwhentheyknownothing40.AccordingtotheauthorwhyisPillowFightDaysopopulararoundtheworld?A.Becauseitisaritualrelease.B.Becauseitmakeslifedelightful.C.Becauseitcomfortsrestlessminds.D.Becauseitcontainsaprofoundmeaningoflife.【答案】37.D38.B39.D40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际枕头大战的意义和它受欢迎的原因。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asaculturalsign,thepillowisdeceptivelysoft.Sinceatleastthe16thCentury,thehumblepillowhasbeengivenunexpectedmeanings.TheChineseplaywrightTangXianzutellsafamousstoryaboutawisemanwhomeetsadepressedyoungscholarataninnandoffershimamagicpillowfilledwiththemostvividdreamsofaseeminglymorefulfillinglife.Whentheyoungmanawakenstodiscoverthathishappy50-yeardreamhasinfactcomeandgoneintheshortspaceofanafternoon’snap,ourimpressionofthepillow’spowershiftsfromwondertoterror.(作为一种文化标志，枕头看起来很柔软。至少从16世纪开始，不起眼的枕头就被赋予了意想不到的意义。中国剧作家汤显祖讲了一个著名的故事：一位智者在客栈里遇到一位抑郁的年轻书生，并送给他一个神奇的枕头，枕头里装满了看似更加充实的生活的最生动的梦想。当这个年轻人醒来，发现他50年的幸福梦想实际上在一个下午的小睡中来了又去时，我们对枕头力量的印象从惊讶变成了恐惧)”可知，以汤显祖的例子来说明，与柔软的外表相比，枕头具有象征性的寓意。故选D项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Whenthe19th-CenturyEnglishnovelistCharlotteBrontepoeticallyobserved‘aruffled(不平的)mindmakesarestlesspillow’,shedidn’tjustchangetheexpectedorderoftheadjectivesandnouns,butinsteadshemadeuncleartheboundariesbetweenmindandmatter—thethingrestingandthethingrestedupon.(19世纪英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特富有诗意地观察到‘不安的头脑形成不安的枕头’，她不仅改变了形容词和名词的预期顺序，反而模糊了精神和物质之间的界限——休息的东西和被休息的东西)”可知，夏洛蒂·勃朗特把枕头当作我们思想的反映。故选B项。【39题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线句子“ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead(无知是最柔软的枕头，一个人可以在上面休息)”中关键词ignorance可知，划线部分的含义指的是无知的人很容易入睡。故选D项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Likearitualofrelease,theannualinternationalpillowfightamountstoakindofcleansing,abrushingoffofdailyworries:anemptyingoftheworld’scollectivemind.(一年一度的国际枕头大战就像一种释放的仪式，相当于一种净化，是对日常烦恼的掸除：是对世界集体思想的清空)”可知，枕头大战日在全世界都很受欢迎因为它能安抚不安的心灵。故选C项。DVirtualrealityisquicklybecomingthenewtechnologicalfrontier.TechcompanieseverywhereseemtoberacingtogettheirfootintheVRdoor.However,Virtualrealityhasasetofchallengesandhurdlesthatitmustovercomeinordertoworkwell.MichaelAbrash,awriterandprogrammer,listedanumberoftheseinaspeechfrom2014;theyincludethingslikelowlatency,highrefreshrate,highresolution,awidefieldofviewandrocksolidtracking,amongothers.Evenifyoudon’tquiteunderstandthetechnicalaspectsofthoseterms,itshouldbenotedthatVRisheavilydependentonbeingveryfast,veryaccurateandverygood-looking.Ifitisn’t,theviewerwillfeelmotionsickordisconnectedfromtheworldthatVRistryingtocreate.NowthatwecanactuallybuildVRheadsetsthatbegintomeettheserequirements,weareseeingarisinginterestinVR.Asitrises,sodoestheinterestincreatingnewmediatobeexperiencedinusingvirtualreality.Journalismisamediumbuiltonrelevance.Journalistsshouldalwaysbefindingnewwaystotellstoriesanddelivercontent.Itisagoldmineforstorytelling.Whatbetterwaystotellastorytosomeonethantoputthemrightinthecenterofit?SomejournalistsandpublicationsarealreadyutilizingVR.VicecreativedirectorSpikeJonze,inacollaborationwithdirectorandvisualartistChrisMilk,putviewersatthesceneoftheMillionsMarchprotestinNewYorkinDecember,2014.TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniacreated“ProjectSyria,”whichallowsviewerstoexperiencethebombingofacrowdedneighborhoodandvisitarefugeecampinthetitular,war-torncountry.Thesearejustafewexamplesofagrowingnumberofprojectsthatareoutthere.Virtualrealityisapowerfultoolforjournalists.Theconsumerisn’tjustreadingorwatchingsomethingplayout;they’reexperiencingit.TheimmersivenatureofVRallowsforpeopletoconnectwiththesubjectmatteronamuchdeeperlevelthanjustreadingaboutit.Theexperienceisemotional,speakingmoretoourinstinctthanourintellect.Thepossibilitiesforstorytellingherearelegion,andanystorytellerwantingtodosomethingmoreinterestingthantheirpeersshouldsurelybeconsideringthesheerpowerofVR.Thequestionofvirtualreality,though,isnothowpowerfulitis.Thatisimmediatelyapparent.ThequestionofVRisoneofviabilityandavailability.Tellingstoriesmustbeeasytodo,andaccesstothosestoriesmustbereadilyavailable.ThisisthebiggestchallengethatVRfaces.IfthetoolstotellastorywithVRaren’teasytopickupandlearn,VRwillfail.IfVRtechnologyisn’tbothtop-of-the-lineandaffordable,VRwillfail.AccessibilitywasoneconcernforThomasHallaq,assistantprofessorofjournalismandmasscommunications,whosaidthatcurrentVRtechnologyisprettyexclusiverightnow.Despitethat,hesaidhedoesn’tthinktheexclusivityofthistechnologywillbeaprobleminthelongrun.“Ithinkit’sverypromising,”Hallaqsaid.“We’reseeingmoretechnologybecomeaccessible,andmorepeoplehavingaccesstothattechnology.Justlookatsmartphones.”IfthetechnologyiswidelyavailableandcompanieslikeOculus,Samsung,HTCandValvecanovercometheinherenthurdles,VRwillsucceedinbeingadesirablemeansofstorytelling.Likeradio,TVandtheInternetbeforeit,virtualrealitywillchangethewaywetellstories.41.WhyisVRconsideredapowerfultoolforjournalism?A.Becauseitisanexclusivelynewtool.B.Becauseitisverypowerfulandpopular.C.Becausepeoplecanexperiencethestoryinperson.D.Becauseitisveryfast,accurateandgood-looking.42.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebiggestchallengeVRisfacing?A.Howpowerfulandinterestingitcanbe. B.Whetherpeoplewillhaveeasyaccesstoit.C.WhetherqualifiedVRheadsetscanbebuilt. D.Whatnewwayspeoplewillfindtodelivercontent.43.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofVRtechnology?A.optimistic B.neutral C.pessimistic D.concerned44.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheWidePopularityofVirtualReality B.TheFutureDevelopmentofVirtualRealityC.ChallengesandHurdlesofVirtualReality D.VirtualRealityistheFutureofStorytelling【答案】41.C42.B43.A44.D【解析】【导语】