Initialbogie初始转向架课件

InitialbogieStructuralcognitionandinspectionofhigh-speedtrainKeynotespeaker:NiuChenXu初始转向架高速列车构造认知与检查主讲人：牛晨旭Eachsectionrunsontherailwayvehicle,cannotleavebogie每一节在铁路上运行的车辆，都离不开转向架Let'stakeacloserlookatthevariousbogies...我们一起近距离看看各式各样的转向架吧……FreighttrainbogiePassengertrainbogieThreeaxlefreighttrainbogieBullettrainbogie货车转向架三轴货车转向架动车转向架客车转向架Bogie:twoorseveralwheelswithaspecialframeofatrain,calledthebogie,canberelativetothebodyofaturningdevice.Anindependentstructure,usuallycomposedofasideframe,wheelset,axlebox,springdampingdevice,pillowandbasebrakedevice,isinstalledunderthebodyframe.CompositionofthesideframeSidebearingObliquewedgeThecompositionofthewheelsetThecompositionofthepillowspringCompositionofthebrakingsystemExplosivediagramoftype8Abogie转向架：把两个或几个轮对用专门的构架组成的一个小车，称为转向架，是能相对车体回转的一种走行装置。通常由侧架、轮对、轴箱、弹簧减震装置、摇枕及基础制动装置组成的独立结构，安装在车体底架下面。Bogietypeisnumerous,structureisdifferent.Soarethebasicbuildingblocksthesame?转向架类型众多，结构各异。那么，其基本组成部分是否相同呢?Itisthemovablejointconnectingtheframeandwheelset,sothattherollingofwheelsetistransformedintothetranslationalmotionofthetrainbody.01WheelsetaxleboxdeviceWheelsetRollingalongtherail,inadditiontotransferringtheweightofthevehicle,butalsotransferthevariousforcesbetweenthewheelandrail,includingtractionandbrakingforce;Axlebox轮对轴箱装置轮对轴箱沿钢轨滚动，除传递车辆重量外，还传递轮轨之间的各种作用力，包括牵引力和制动力；是联系构架与轮对的活动关节，使轮对的滚动转化为车体的平动。02SpringhangerSystemsuspension(axleboxsuspension):betweenwheelsetandframeInordertoreducetheimpactvibrationcausedbyunevenlineandwheel-railaction,theelasticsuspensiondeviceissetup,includingspringdevice,dampingdeviceandpositioningdevice.Secondarysuspension(centralsuspension):betweenframeandbodyAtpresent,generalfreighttrainonlysetupcentralsuspension,passengertrainissetupcentralsuspension,andaxleboxsuspension.ThesecondsuspensionNon-corediskbearingWheelsetaxleboxdeviceThefirstsuspensionThearchitecture弹簧悬挂装置为减少由于线路不平、轮轨作用导致的冲击振动，而设置的弹性悬挂装置，包括：弹簧装置、减振装置和定位装置。一系悬挂（轴箱悬挂）：轮对与构架间二系悬挂（中央悬挂）：构架与车体间目前，一般货车只设置中央悬挂，客车即设中央悬挂，又设轴箱悬挂。03FrameorsideframeFrame(sideframe)isthebogiefoundationandskeleton,thecomponentsofawhole.Henotonlybearsandtransmitseachforceandload,butalsoistheinstallationfoundationofotherpartstomeetthestructure,shapeandassemblyrequirementsofotherparts.构架或侧架构架（侧架）是转向架的基础和骨架，把各部件组成一个整体。他不仅承受、传递各作用力及载荷，而且还是其他零部件的安装基础，要满足其他零件的结构、形状及组装要求。04BasebrakeInordertomaketherunningvehiclecanstopinthespecifieddistance,itisnecessarytoinstallthebrakedevice,theroleistotransferandamplifythebrakingforceofthebrakecylinder,sothattheinternalfrictionbetweenbrakeshoeandwheelpairisconvertedintotheexternalfrictionbetweenwheelpairandrail,sothatthevehicleissubjecttoresistance,brakingeffect.FixedleverThemiddlepullrodModularsystemNewhighrunning-inbrakeshoeBasicbrakedevice:discbrake基础制动装置为使运行中的车辆能在规定的距离内停车，必须安装制动装置，作用是传递和放大制动缸的制动力，使闸瓦与轮对之间产生的内摩擦力转化为轮对与钢轨之间的外摩擦力，从而使车辆受到阻力，产生制动效果。05BogiesupportsthebodydeviceorloadbearingmodeThedeviceconnectingbogieandtrainbodyshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:supportingtrainbodysafelyandreliably,trainryingandtransferringvariousforces(suchasverticalforce,vibrationforce,etc.);Inorderforthevehicletopassthecurvesmoothly,thebodyandbogieshouldbeabletorotatearoundtheinvariablecenterofrotation.Centraldiskbearing,non-centraldiskbearingandpartialcentraldiskbearing心盘集中承载Non-corediskloadCentraldiskconcentratedload转向架支承车体装置或称承载方式使转向架与车体相联结的装置，应满足：安全可靠地支承车体，承载并传递各作用力（如垂向力、振动力等）；为使车辆顺利通过曲线，车体与转向架之间应能绕不变的旋转中心转动。心盘集中承载、非心盘承载和部分心盘承载You'velearnedthecommonfeaturesofmanybogies,right?So,whataretheuniquecharacteristicsofdifferentbogies?大家学习了众多转向架的共同特点？

那么，不同转向架有什么独有的特点呢？01AxisnumberandtypeClassificationbyaxisnumber,typeandpositioningmodeTheallowableaxleloadofaxisDis21T,andthetotalweightofthevehicle(4axles)is84T.TheallowableaxleweightofEaxisis25T,andthetotalweightofthevehicle(4axles)is100T.Axletype:B,C,D,EfourThethickerthediameter,thegreatertheallowableaxleload.ThenewtruckmainlyadoptsD,Eaxis,thenewbusmainlyadoptsDaxis.Axlenumber:Twoaxle,threeaxleandmultiaxle,thenumberofaxleisdeterminedaccordingtothetotalweightofthevehicleandtheallowableaxleload.按轴数、类型及定位方式分类轴数与类型车轴类型:B,C,D,E四种直径越粗，允许轴重越大。新型货车主要采用D、E轴，新型客车主要采用D轴。车轴数量：二轴、三轴和多轴，轴数根据车辆总重和允许轴重来定。D轴允许轴重21t,车辆（4轴）总重84t。E轴允许轴重25t,车辆（4轴）总重100t。02AxleboxpositioningmodeAxleboxpositioningdevice:restraintwheelsetandframerelativemotionmechanismThebasicrequirementsLongitudinalandlateralappropriateelasticpositioningstiffness,stableperformance,simplestructure,lowcost,noorlesswear.roleAvoidsnakinginstability,goodcurveguidingperformance,reducewheel/railforceandwear,ensuresafeandstableoperation.Therearemanywaysofaxleboxpositioning,thecommononesareasfollows:Classificationbyaxisnumber,typeandpositioningmode按轴数、类型及定位方式分类轴箱定位方式轴箱定位装置：约束轮对和构架相对运动机构基本要求作用纵向和横向适当的弹性定位刚度，性能稳定，结构简单，成本低，无或少磨耗。避免蛇行失稳，良好的曲线导向性能，减小轮轨力和磨耗，确保运行安全和平稳性。轴箱定位方式有多种，常见的有下面几种：Axleboxandsideframeareintegrated(castintooneorconnectedwithboltsandotherfasteners),withoutclearance.Thereisnorelativemotion.1.Fixedpositioning:2.

Guideframepositioning:Thereisaguidegrooveontheaxlebox,aguideframeonthesideframeorframe,theguideframeisinsertedintotheguidegroove,andtherecanbealargedisplacementintheverticaldirection,andthereisacertainclearancearoundthefrontandrear,andtherecanbeasmalldisplacement.Rubberspringisarrangedbetweenaxleboxandframe,reasonableselectionofstiffness,elasticpositioning.3.Rubberspringpositioning:Classificationbyaxisnumber,typeandpositioningmode按轴数、类型及定位方式分类轴箱与侧架为一体（铸成一体或用螺栓等紧固件连接），无间隙。不能产生相对运动。

固定定位：轴箱上有导槽，侧架或构架上有导框，导框插入导槽内，在垂向可以有较大的位移，前后左右有一定间隙，可以有较小位移。导框式定位：轴箱和构架间设有橡胶弹簧，合理选取刚度，实现弹性定位。橡胶弹簧定位：Thefirstsuspensionadoptselasticshearcushionofaxlebox;Thesecondarysuspensionadoptsthecentralpillowspringsuspensionsystemwithvariablefrictiondampingdevice,andthepillowspringisthesecondarystiffness.Theelasticcrosssupportdeviceisinstalledbetweenthetwosidesoftheframe;

Thediameterofthelowercoreplateis375mm,thelowercoreplateisprovidedwithnyloncoreplatewearplate;JCtypedoubleactingconstantcontactelasticsidebearing;25Tdoublerowtaperedrollerbearingswithaxleloadareinstalled,andnewlightstructureHEZBcaststeelwheelsorHESArolledsteelwheelsareadopted.Thebasicbrakedeviceismiddlepullrodtypesinglesidebrakeshoebrakedevice,usingL-AorL-Btypecombinedbrakebeam,newhighfrictionsyntheticbrakeshoe.K6typebogieiscaststeelthree-piecetruckbogie.Elasticshe