考研真题1992考研英语一真题含答案解析

1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose

thebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

ThekeytotheindustrializationofspaceistheU.S.spaceshuttle.___1___it,astronautswillacquirea

workhousevehicle___2___offlyingintospaceandreturningmanytimes.___3___byreusablerocketsthatcan

liftaloadof65,000pounds,theshuttlewillcarrydevicesforscientificinquiry,as___4___asavarietyofmilitary

hardware.___5___moresignificantly,itwill___6___materialsandmachinesintospaceforindustrialpurposes

___7___twodecadesagowhentcsputnik^^(artificialsatellite)was___8___tothevocabulary.Inshort,the___9___

importanceoftheshuttleliesinits10asaneconomictool.

Whatmakesthespaceshuttle___11___isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.____12___,

whenithasaccomplishedits___13___,itcanbereadyfor___14___tripinabouttwoweeks.

Thespaceshuttle,theworld'sfirsttruespaceship,isamagnificentstep___15___makingtheimpossible

possibleforthebenefitandsurvivalofman.

1.[A]In[B]On[C]By[D]、Mith

2.EA]capable[B]suitable[C]efficient[D]fit

3.[A]Served[B]Powered[C]Forced[D]Reinforced

4.EA]far[B]well[C]much[D]long

5.[A]ThenLB]OrEC]But[D]So

6.EA]supply[B]introduce[C]deliver[D]transfer

7.[A]unimagined[B]unsettled[C]uncovered[D]unsolved

8.EA]attributed[B]contributed[C]applied[D]added

9.[A]general[B]essential[C]prevailingED]ultimate

10.LA]promise[B]prosperity[C]popularity[D]priority

11.[A]exceptional[B]strange[C]uniqueED]rare

12.[A]Thus[B]Whereas[C]Nevertheless[D]Yet

13.[A]venture[B]mission[C]commission[D]responsibility

14.[A]new[B]another[C]certain[D]subsequent

15.[A]for[B]byEC]in[D]through

PartIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthe

passagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWER

SHEET.(30points)

Passage1

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersonthe

roadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallvery

well,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriverJsseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmight

toleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististhe

exceptiontotherule.(Perhapsthesituationcallsfbra“BeKindtoOtherDrivers^^campaign,otherwiseitmayget

completelyoutofhand.)

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedand

good-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheother

hand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveof

acknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtoleranceso

necessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgmentsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Many

driversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlyto

allowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroad

wouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehicles

thatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverand

whenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthese

grannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyinto

trafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modern

motoristscan"tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexperts

warnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishigh

timeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

16.Accordingtothispassage,troublesonthe

roadareprimarilycausedby________.

[AJpeople'sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

[B]therhythmofmodernlife

[C]thebehaviorofthedriver

[D]trafficconditions

17.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheodd

road-hog...therule.”(Para.1)impliesthat___.

[A]oursocietyisunjusttowards

well-manneredmotorists

fBlrudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

[C]thewell-manneredmotoristcannottolerate

theroad-hog

LDJnowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethe

majorityofmotorists

18.By“goodsense"，thewritermeans_____.

[A]thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreact

reasonably

[B]thedriver'spromptresponsetodifficultand

severeconditions

[C]thedriver\toleranceofrudeoreven

savagebehavior

[D]thedriver'sacknowledgmentofpoliteness

andregulations

19.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthe

faceofcar-ownershipexplosion,__________.

[A]roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

[B]driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeach

other

[C]driversshouldhavemorecommunication

amongthemselves

[D]driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypayno

respecttoothers

20.Inthewriter'sopinion,___________.

[A]stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

fBJdriversshouldapplyroadpoliteness

properly

[C]rudedriversshouldbepunished

[DJdriversshouldavoidtrafficjams

Passage2

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror-theglassintheroofofagreenhouse

whichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe30Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitis

today,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoles

wouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreasein

atmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresulting

inanalterationoftheearth'schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausethe

Antarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.Buttheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattention

toWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthe

scalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailable

suggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.

Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.

Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehot

spotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,it

presentshotteror“colder“facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohave

aconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearthJsatmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.

Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeing

downward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactual

climateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.Theproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthat

theworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassume

adelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia（惯性）oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisis

right,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounte-balancetothesun's

diminishingheat.

21.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationof

carbondioxideintheatmospherewould_____.

[AJpreventthesun'sraysfromreachingthe

earth'ssurface

[B]meanawarmingupintheArctic

[C]accountfbrgreatchangesintheclimatein

thenorthernhemisphere

fDlraisethetemperatureoftheearth'ssurface

22.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain________.

[A]thegreenhouseeffect

[B]thesolareffectsontheearth

[C]themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

[D]thecausesaffectingweather

23.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterin

thenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthere

seemtobefalling.Thisis___________.

[A]mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxide

arerising

[Blpossiblybecausetheicecapsinthepoles

aremelting

[C]exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertia

oftheearth'sclimate

[D]partlyduetovariationsintheoutputof

solarenergy

24.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsare

oftheopinionthat________.

[A]theclimateoftheworldshouldbe

becomingcooler

[B]itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertia

oftheearth'sclimatetotakeeffect

[C]theman-madewarmingeffecthelpsto

increasethesolareffects

[DIthenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythe

greenhouseeffect

25.Iftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanew

IceAgeiscorrect,___________.

[AJthebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffect

wouldbetoburnmorefuels

[B]icewouldsooncoverthenorthern

hemisphere

[C]theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideinthe

atmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmore

quickly

IDJthegreenhouseeffectcouldworktothe

advantageoftheearth

Passage3

Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplay

gamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontests

encouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinboth

arguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourages

internationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherethetragicincidentinvolvingthemurderofathletes,buttheGames

werealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminornationalcontests.

Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignationafterthehockey（曲棍球）final.There

hadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatch,thelosersobjectingtothefinaldecisions.Theywere

convincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheiropponents'victorywasunfair.

Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:"Thiswasn'thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederation

arefinished."ThepresidentoftheFederationsaidlaterthatsuchbehaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionofthe

teamforatleastthreeyears.

TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirstplacetoRussia,afteradisputableend

totheircontest.Thegamehadendedindisturbance.ItwasthoughtatfirstthattheUnitedStateshadwon,bya

singlepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerethreesecondsstilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheball

fromoneendofthecourttotheother,andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthefirsttimetheUSA

hadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.Anappealjurydebatedthematterforfourandahalfhoursbefore

announcingthattheresultwouldstand.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.

Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.

Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividualsorinnon-nationalteamsmightbetoomuchtohopefor.

ButinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencouragesaggressivepatriotism.

26.Accordingtotheauthor,recentOlympic

Gameshave_______.

[A]createdgoodwillbetweenthenations

[B]bredonlyfalsenationalpride

[C]barelyshowedanyinternationalfriendship

[D]ledtomoreandmoremisunderstandingand

hatred

27.Whatdidthemanagermeanbysaying,

”...HockeyandtheInternationalHockey

Federationarefinished”?

[A]Histeamwouldnolongertakepartin

internationalgames.

[BJHockeyandtheFederationarebothruined

bytheunfairdecisions.

[CJThereshouldbenomorehockeymatches

organizedbytheFederation.

[DJTheFederationshouldbedissolved.

28.Thebasketballexampleimplied

that______.

[Altoomuchpatriotismwasdisplayedinthe

incident

[B|theannouncementtoprolongthematchwas

wrong

[C]theappealjurywastoohesitantinmaking

thedecision

[D|theAmericanteamwasrightinrejecting

thesilvermedals

29.Theauthorgivesthetwoexamplesin

paragraphs2and3toshow____________.

[A]howfalsenationalprideledtoundesirable

incidentsininternationalgames

fB]thatsportsmenhavebeenmoreobedient

thantheyusedtobe

[C]thatcompetitivenessinthegames

discouragesinternationalfriendship

fDlthatunfairdecisionsarecommonin

OlympicGames

30.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthe

passage?

[A]TheorganizationoftheOlympicGames

mustbeimproved.

[B]Athletesshouldcompeteasindividualsin

theOlympicGames.

[C]Sportshouldbeplayedcompetitivelyrather

thanfortheloveofthegame.

[D]Internationalcontestsareliablefor

misunderstandingbetweennations.

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.。5points)

“lntelligence,,atbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.31)Thereis

moreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.

Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,

reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisa

roughmeasureofachild*scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.It

doesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itisnot

supposedto-itwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.32)Tocriticizeitforsuchfailuseisroughlycomparableto

criticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.

Theotherthingwehavetonoticeisthattheassessmentoftheintelligenceofanysubjectisessentiallya

comparativeaffair.

33)Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewith

whichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid"or"fair"comparison.Itishere