考研阅读理解英语一真题2023

考研阅读理解英语一真题2023

考研阅读理解英语一真题2023

说到词汇量，就免不了要背单词，这也是我们每个考研人都感到

头疼的地方。大多数同学都有这样的体会，单词背了忘，忘了又背，

做翻译阅读时，觉得很眼熟、很亲切，但就是想不起来，下文是我为

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考研阅读理解英语一真题1

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceat

Peer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannounced

today.TheFollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,after

widespreadconcernthatMistakesindataanalysisare

contributingtothePublishedresearchfindings.

Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublished

inourjournal,writesMcNuttinaneditorial.Workingwiththe

AmericanStatisticalAssociation,theJournalhasappointed

sevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscript

willbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournals

editors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorby

outsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternal

statisticianstoreviewthese

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,

千里之行，始于足下。

McNuttsaid,Thecreationofthestatisticsboardwasmotivated

byconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddata

analysisinscientificresearchandispartofSciencesoverall

drivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvard

SchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,sayshe

expectstheboardtoplayprimarilyonadvisoryrole.Heagreed

tojoinbecausehefoundtheforesightbehindtheestablishment

oftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealasting

impact.Thisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublications

inScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupof

publishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafter

Science.

Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearch

methodology,saysthatthepolicyisamostwelcomestep

forwardandlongoverdue,Mostjournalsareweakinstatistical

review,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.I

thinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,

statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,hesays.

ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternal

Medicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationand

TheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyze

data,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublished

research,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchers

shouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2023,butjournals

shouldalsotakeatougherline,engagingreviewerswhoare

statisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifythe

第2页/共17页

process.VauxsaysthatSciencesideatopasssomepapersto

statisticianshassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitrelies

ontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentifythepapersthat

needscrutinyinthefirstplace.

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.Thephraseflaggedup(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaning

to

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentof

theSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

千里之行，始于足下。

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseSciencescirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

A.addstoresearchersworklosd.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditorsDesks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

32.Bmarked

33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals

第4页/共17页

34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement

35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers

考研阅读理解英语一真题2

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedan

interestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenhe

acceptedthisyear'sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromthe

onlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNature

discusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershave

joinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,likethe

FundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe

telephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternet

entrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheir

chosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthto

drawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

WhatJsnottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandful

ofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,

astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannot

buytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsare

anexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,say

scientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemof

peer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoof

peer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewed

research.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

千里之行，始于足下。

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthe

criticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleinto

science,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareers

inresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimate

concernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—are

distributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launched

thisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelife

sciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation's1imitofthree

recipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,has

longbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodern

research—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowover

whoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryof

theHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetup

byaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodo

withhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhem

legitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,

twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldaccept

suchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelya

goodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometosciencerather

thangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthe

mechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butit

istheprize-givers'moneytodowithastheyplease.Itis

wisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.

真题解析：

文章主题及背景学问：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，

第6页/共17页

假如对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是

十拿九稳!与2023年相比,2023考研阅读文章同样注意时效性,Text3

便是反应了2023年3月份的一次实时大事：基础物理学基金会于3

月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2023年基础物理学奖!所以2023考研

的同学们肯定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化

背景学问，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果！

文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项消失，这些

奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的

钱，当然会遭出一些批判，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶

级是没法转变的，名望是没法购买的。当然这一系列的东西，在前三

段当中谈到之后，到了最终一段，表明他的观点，纵然这些对科学家

的嘉奖在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵，存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对

于科学家来说，有人给你钱支持你的讨论，终归是好的。也就是说从

31到35题基本上没有难题，也没有可以去争议的，也是既所得的文

早辽。

31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs7swealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.

[C]anexampleofbankersJinvestment.

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

答案：A为细节题。依据题干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize

可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了，所以我

们只能依据几个选项去定位，分别依据选项中的entrepreneurs>

NobelPrize、investment、reward去定位，在第一段末句找到了与

千里之行，始于足下。

A选项相全都的句子，则判定A选项正确。

32.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobably

means

[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.

[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.

[C]theachievement-basedsystem.

[D]peer-review-ledresearch.

答案：B为细节题。依据题干中的critics定位到第三段，可知

其次段没有出题，从第三段其次句可以得出本道题的正确选项，who

havemadetheircareersinresearch即为B选项中的Thefounderso

33.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]controversiesovertherecipients,status.

[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.

[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.

[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.

答案：D为细节题。本道题假如从题干中看更像是例证题，但

题目中说道thecaseinvolves即问例子本身，所以为一道细节题。

我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgsboson,定位到本句可以得

矢口natureofmodernresearch---aswellasdemonstratedby....

第8页/共17页

即为本道题正确答案。

34.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneone

feel

[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.

[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.

[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.

答案：A为推断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中

提示信息特别少，所以我们需要依据每个选项分别定位。A选项的

durance定位到本段最终一句time。B选项依据legitimacy定位到

第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最终一段可以验证的确是收到了

质疑，B选项和原文不符，可以得知答案为A。

35.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobably

agree?

[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.

[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.

[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.

[D]unworthyofpublicattention.

答案：A为主旨题。本题属于观点，出在最终一段则说明更多

千里之行，始于足下。

体现了文章的主旨，由于还有一个段落对应，则我们可以在最终一段

找答案，依据题干中的award我们可以得知全文的最终一句明确体现

了的观点，故选A。

考研阅读理解英语一真题3

Text3

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegaineda

deeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,from

asteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmight

evenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefutureto

lookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshows

thatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhy

shouldntwe?Takeabroaderlookatourspeciesplaceinthe

universe,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchance

ofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears

(see100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture).LookupHomo

sapiensintheIUCNSRedListofthreatenedspecies,andyou

willread:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidely

distributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andthereareno

majorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberof

researchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyabout

thatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedin

SanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersand

scientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheir

ideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisa

第10页/共17页

mechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,that

isdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingserious

considerationtotheideathatweshouldrecogniseanew

geologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthe

camerarightbackandaskingwhathumanitysimpactwillbeon

theplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuch

lengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.The

potentialevolutionoftodaystechnology,anditssocial

consequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,anditsperhapsbest

lefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplore

themanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.Thatsonereasonwhy

wehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenear

future.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthat

wecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepast

holdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughof

thelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,and

ourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthe

situationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofour

prospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,the

futureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreat

manyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenough

tomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceof

earlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

千里之行，始于足下。

Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocus

onthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafuture

worthlivingin.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

[A]ourdesireforaresoffulfillment

[B]ourfaithinscienceandteched

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

[D]ourbdiefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN"RodList"suggestthathumanbeingson

[A]asustainedspecies

[B]theword'sdeminantpower

[C]athreattotheenvironment

[D]amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph

5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

第12页/共17页

Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

[A]exploreourplanet'sabundantresources.

[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld.

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast.

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory.

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe

text?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind.

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity.

考研阅读理解英语一真题4

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyou

gotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional"paid"

千里之行，始于足下。

media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprint

advertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycan

exploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionate

aboutaproductmaycreate“owned“mediabysendinge-mail

alertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwith

itsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrange

offactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromoting

theirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactas

theinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketerJsownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia

-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspace

onitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhose

trafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheir

contentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.This

trend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesand

hotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.JohnsonJohnson,for

example,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediaproperty

thatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketers

makesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunities

tolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofother

companies'marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficfor

allcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovided

marketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoices

havealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswill

voicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmore

第14页/共17页

damagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media：anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,

otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegations

aboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,for

instance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapply

pressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtryto

persuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputation

ofthetargetcompanyatrisk.