考研英语试卷38

考研英语-试卷38

(总分：142.00,做题时间：90分钟)

一、UseofEnglish(总题数：2,分数：80.00)

1.SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)for

eachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD.(分数：40.00)

解析：

Agreatmanycreatureshavewhatarecalledwarningcolours,thatistosay,thecolouration

warnseverycreaturethattheanimalinquestionisdangerous.Theskunk(臭鼬)isoneofthe

best(1)ofthis,withhisbrilliantblackandwhitefur.Hewalks(2)evenin

broaddaylightandshowsno(3)whenheseesyou.Heheavily(4)hisfeetandputs

his(5)upintheair,daringyounottocome(6)closer.Andifyoudon'ttake

(7)ofthewarninghewillsprayyouwithhisevil-smelling(8)____,andnoanimal

thathasbeen(9)____byaskunkwillletithappen(10)_____IntheReptileHouseatazoo

youwillprobablyfindacase(11)ofsmalltreefrogs.Now,agreat(12)of

creaturesliketoeatfrogs,andsosomefrogsasa(13)canoozeoutasubstanceon

theirskin(14)makesthemtastehorrible.Thesefrogsaregenerallybanded(15)

brightwarningcolours,1ikeorange,red,yellowandbrightgreen.This,ofcourse,makes

them(16)likebrightly-colouredsweets,andrathergoodto(17)_butthebirdsand

animalsintheforesthavelearnt(18)bitterexperiencethatthesefrogsarethe

(19)thattastestheworst,andsotheyleavethem(20).(分数：40.00)

A.creature

B.thingJ

C.example

D.warning

解析：解析：thing通常表示〃东西，物品，事情〃，在表示“人〃或〃动物〃时，往往带有喜欢或厌恶的感情

色彩。如thepoorlittlething可怜的小东西

A.aboutJ

B.on

C.out

D.over

解析：解析：walkabout”到处走动〃，about作副词时，表示〃附近，周围〃。

A.colour

B.danger

C.fearJ

D.sign

解析：解析：该句意为，甚至在大白天它也到处走动，当它看见你时也不害怕。

A.stampsV

B.changes

C.beats

D.moves

解析：解析：它重重地跺着脚，将尾巴高高地伸到空中，挑衅你不敢再走近它。heavily意为〃沉重地〃，

与stamp〃跺脚〃意义上相符。

A.head

B.feet

C.tailJ

D.nose

解析：解析：伸高尾巴以挑衅示威。

A.still

B.even

C.much

D.anyJ

解析：解析：表示否定时用any。

A.care

B.chance

C.advice

D.noticeV

解析：解析：takenoticeof”注意〃，为固定搭配。

A.fluidV

B.gas

C.oil

D.colour

解析：解析：该句意为，如果你并不注意它的警告，它将喷射出它臭不可闻的液体，没有什么动物会象臭

鼬这样两次喷出液体。

A.caught

B.sprayedJ

C.warned

D.seen

解析：解析：spray〃喷射，喷溅〃。

A.more

B.soon

C.twiceJ

D.too

解析：解析：臭鼬会这样两次喷出液体。

A.fullJ

B.Short

C.instead

D.typical

解析：解析：fullof为固定搭配，意为〃充满〃，该句指〃发现到处都是树蛙的情况〃。

A.many

B.part

C.amount

D.numberV

解析：解析：agreatnumberof意为”为数众多的

A.whole

B.means

C.wish

D.protectionJ

解析：解析：该句意为，现在为数众多的动物喜欢吃树蛙，而为了保护自己，一些树蛙在皮肤上渗出一种

物质，使它们难吃无比。

A.it

B.and

C.whichJ

D.where

解析：解析：应填人连接限制性定语从句的关系代词，只有which。

A.with

B.by

C.as

D.in

解析：解析：该句意为，这些树蛙一般身上裹有鲜艳的警示色，诸如橙色、红色、黄色和鲜艳的绿色。

with〃带有,具有〃。

A.feelJ

B.all

C.look

D.much

解析：解析：该句意为，当然，这种色彩使它们显得象色彩鲜艳的糖果，相当好吃，但树林中的鸟儿和动

物有过痛苦的经验，这些树蛙是最难吃的食物，所以它们都不打搅这些树蛙。

A.make

B.eatJ

C.see

D.look

解析：解析：goodtoeat"好吃"o

A.at

B.withJ

C.in

D.of

解析：解析：learnwithexperience”有过经验”。

A.sweets

B.foodJ

C.substances

D.ones

解析：解析：动词taste"品尝"，从逻辑上应该填入食物。

A.ahead

B.about

C.aloneV

D.aside

解析：解析：leavesbalone为习惯用法，意为〃不打搅某人〃。

二、ReadingComprehension（总题数：10,分数：58.00）

2.SectionIIReadingComprehension

解析：

3.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.

解析：

Whethertheeyesare"thewindowofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintensely

importantininterpersonalcommunicationisafactduringthefirsttwomonthsofababy's

1ife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:a

maskwithtwodotswi11produceasmile,significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescovered

willnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedin

profile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebaby

matures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentof

themdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,

however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother'sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuch

attachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadults“makelittle

useofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproper

placetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone's

conversationpartner.Theroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwo

Americansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforabout

onesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablisheyecontact

withthelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshift

theirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,

allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthe

speakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenot

1ooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwi11pauseunti1eye

contactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseye

maneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakers

arewearingdarkglasses;theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedby

interruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.（分数：10.00）

（1）.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（分数：2.00）

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideasJ

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

解析：解析：在第一段，作者提到眼睛在人们相互交流中的主要作用从婴儿时就开始了。文章进而深入探

讨这种作用。

（2）.Babieswi11notbestimulatedtosmi1ebyaperson（分数：2.00）

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromthesideJ

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

解析：解析：第一段第二句指出，有意思的是，将眼睛遮住的人脸不会将婴儿逗笑，当脸处于一个侧面，

只能看见一只眼睛时也是这样。

（3）.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner's

neckbecause（分数：2.00）

A.theydon'tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn'thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhoodJ

解析：解析：第一段倒数第三句指出，日本婴儿是母亲背在背上的，他们长大后谈话时也没有注视别人眼

睛的习惯，注视的是谈话者的脖子。

（4）.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto

（分数：2.00）

A.temporaryglancingawayfromthe1istener

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-imedceasingofeyecontactJ

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

解析：解析：第二段第三句指出，两个美国人谈话时如果没有互相注视，说话者会认为互相不感兴趣，谈

话会终止，直到互相注视为止。

（5）.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（分数：

2.00）

A.nottoweardarkspectaclesJ

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceaway"fromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

解析：解析：第二段最后一句指出，当两个谈话者都戴着墨镜，会出现话语不流畅，话不投机，谈话莫名

其妙地终止。

WASHINGTON,D.C.—ThethreatofballisticmissilesfromcountriessuchasIranandNorth

Koreacouldmaterializewithlittlewarning,aCongressionalpanelofdefenseexperts

reportedtoday.ThatconclusiondiffersfromearlierassessmentsbytheU.S.intelligence

communityandtheClintonAdministration,whichhaveconcludedthatanewthreattoU.S.

territoryisatleastadecadeoff.Thepanel—calledtheCommissiontoAssesstheBallistic

MissileThreattotheUnitedStates—wassetupbytheNationalDefenseAuthorizationActof

1997andfirstmetinJanuary1998.Itsninepolicymakers;technologists,andsenior

militaryofficialshad^unprecedentedaccesstothemostsensitiveandhighlyclassified

information,saidpanelchairpersonDonaldRumsfield,aformersecretaryofdefense,ata

pressconferencehere.Thepanelfoundthatliberalizedexportcontrols,increased

internationalexchangesofstudentsandscientificpersonnel,andleaksofclassified

informationhaveresultedin"massivetechnologytransfer*bothfromdevelopednationsto

roguenationsandbetweenthosecountriesthemselves.Moreover,potentialaggressorscould

minimizethetechnicalchallengebysettlingformissileswithlimitedaccuracyor

reliability.ThereportwarnsthatnationswithScudmissiletechnology,suchasIran,could

testalong-rangemissilewithinabout5yearsfromdecidingtopursuesuchaprogram.North

Koreaalsohasthetechnologyforproducingbiologicalweapons,thepanelnoted.Test

flightsoftheirmissilesthatwou1dbeabletoreachpartsofHawaiiandAlaskacouldtake

placewithin6monthsofadecision.BecauseoftheUnitedNationsarmsinspections,

however,Iraqislaggingbehindandwouldtake10yearsfrominitiatinganefforttoposing

amissilethreattotheUnitedStates.SpeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichcalledthereport

“themostimportantwarningaboutournationalsecuritysincetheendoftheColdWar,“and

urgedtheestablishmentofabipartisan,bicameralcommitteetoworkwiththeAdministration

todecide:futurepolicy.AWhiteHousespokespersonwasnoncommittal,sayingthatthe

report'srecommendationsonintelligenceanalysiswouldbetakenintoaccount,butthatthe

administrationstoodbyitsMarchintelligenceassessment.Thatreportconcludedthatitis

unlikelythatcountriesotherthanRussia,China,orNorthKoreacoulddeployaballistic

missilecapableofreachinganypartoftheUnitedStatesbefore2010.（分数：10.00）

（1）.TheU.S.intel1igencecommunityandtheClintonAdministrationthinkthat____（分数：

2.00）

A.theU.S.willnotbeattackedbymissileinthenearfutureV

B.othercountriesmayattacktheU.S.withmissilerightaftertheydeclarewar

C.theU.S.mayhawasuddenmissileattack

D.theU.S.willneverbeattackedbymissile

解析：解析：第一段最后一句指出，美国智囊团和克林顿政府早期的结论是至少十年内美国本土不会有新

的威胁。

（2）.Theword“classified"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_（分数：2.00）

A.arrangedinclasses

B.officiallysecretV

C.traditional

D.public

解析：解析：classified〃分等级的，机密的〃，根据该句意义，它的9个政策制定者、技术员和高级军事

官员前所未有地接触到最敏感和高度机密的信息。

（3）.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheCommissiontoAssessThe

BallisticMissileThreattotheUnitedStates?（分数：2.00）

A.Itcameintobeingin1997

B.Itismadeupofpolicy-makers,technologistsandseniormilitaryofficials

C.Itsmemberscangetthehighlyclassifiedinformation

D.ItschairmanDonaldRumsfieldnowisalsothesecretaryofdefenseV

解析：解析：第二段第二句提到DonaldRumsfield是“前国防部秘书〃(aformersecretaryof

defense),故D明显是错误的。

(4).Fromthethirdparagraphweknowthat(分数：2.00)

A.IranhasthetechnologyofproducingScudmissile

B.somecountriescouldsendlong-rangemissilerightaftertheydecidetodoso

C.IraqcannotbecomeamissilethreattoAmericanow

D.bothAandCJ

解析：解析：第三段第一句和最后一句提到，像伊朗这样的国家，可在5年内实现远程导弹试验。由于美

国的武器检查，伊朗处于落后地位，要制造出对美国有威胁的导弹也要10年之后。故答案应为(D)。

(5).Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthe,followingstatementsisNOTtrue?

(分数：2.00)

A.ThespeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichthinkstheUS.shouldpayattentiontothe

report

B.Hethinksacommitteeshouldbesetuptoworkoutsolutionsforthemissilethreat

C.TheWhiteHousespokespersondidnotofferaclearanswertothereport.

D.Russia,ChinaandNorthKoreaareunlikelytosendamissilereachingtheUSterritory

before2010J

解析：解析：最后一段最后-一句指出，在2010年之前，除俄国、中国和北朝鲜之外的国家是没有能力部

署能到达美国任何地方的导弹。

Whoknowsbetterthanyourcustomerswhereyouroperationscanbeimproved?Today,

progressivefirmsincreasinglyrelyonadvisorycouncilstosuggestimprovements,recommend

action,andofferfeedbackonprogramsandpolicies.Infact,manycompaniesfeelthatthis

formofcommunicationisvitaltothecontinuousimprovementoftheirbusinessoperations.A

counci1,amongotherthings,improvescommunicationandspursimprovementofoperations.

Rememberthatthesecrettosuccessisdialogue-theexchangeofideasandopinions.Focus

onproblemsyourcustomershave.Spelloutyourgoalsandobjectives.Eachmeetingshould

haveaspecificobjectivetoaccomplish.Determinethemeeting'sfrequency.Ifyouwantto

implementastrategicplan,anannualmeetingmaybeenough.Ifyouwanttofocuson

operationalissues,moremeetingsmaybeneeded.Agoodcounci1wi11havenomorethan12

people,withhalfofthemembersfromyourcompanyandhalfyourcustomers.Itshouldalso

havediversityinitsmembership.Membersshouldservefromonetothreeyears-rotationof

membershipwillensurethecouncildoesn'tbecomestale.Findanapproximatemeetingsite,

whetherit“sin-houseoroffsite,wheretherewillbenointerruptions.Youshouldpayfor

alltheexpensesrelatedtothemeeting—remember,thecouncilmembersareprovidingyour

companywithaservice.Treatthemasyourguestsandyourexperts.Ifyouhaveafixed

beginningandendingtimetoyourmeeting,sticktoit.Whenstructuringthemeeting,

rememberthe80720problem-solvingrule.Structurethemeetingsothat20percentofthe

timeisspentidentifyingordiscussingaproblemand80percentofthetimeisspent

designingasolution.Oftenitishelpfultohaveapersonactastimekeeperandannounce

whentheagendatimeforaparticularitemhasexpired.However,duringthemeeting,be

flexible.Thefaci1itatorcanallow.thegrouptodecidewhethertomoveontothenextitem

orextendthediscussion.Asyougoalong,looktonarrowthedifferencesamongmembersand

formaconsensus.Asthemeetingcloses,summarizewhatwasaccomplished,checkingfor

agreementandcommitmentamongthemembers.Makeadetailedlistofthefollow-upitems,who

hasresponsibilityforeachitem,andatimelineforcompletion.Theresultsfromreally

listeningtoandlearningfromyourcustomersinawell-runadvisorycouncilcanpayhuge

dividends.（分数：10.00）

（1）.Whydoesthewriterputthesuggestionthat,advisorycouncilsshouldbesetup

（分数：2.00）

A.Becausetheycaninfluencebusinessoperations

B.becausebusinessimprovementsdependoncommunicationwiththemJ

C.Becausetheyareheavilyreliedonbyprosperouscompanies

D.Becausegoalsandobjectivesaresetoutbythem

解析：解析：第一段第二句指出，事实上，许多公司觉得顾问班子对公司的经营能起到持续的提高作用。

（2）.Whatseemstobethemostimportantthingyouhavetodecideonbeforeameetingstarts?

（分数：2.00）

A.Thelengthoftheagenda

B.Thefrequencyofthemeetings

C.AspecificobjectivetoaccomplishV

D.Operationalissues

解析：解析：第三段第句指出，每次会议必须有一个明确的实现目标。

（3）.Whichofthefollowingisexcludedamongthesuggestedrequirementsforthemake-upof

anidealcouncil?_____（分数：2.00）

A.50to50representationfromthecompanyanditscustomersrespectively

B.Changeablemembership

C.Membersofdifferenttypes

D.MembersshouldmovearoundformoresuggestionsJ

解析：解析：第四段指出：理想的顾问班子不应该超过12个人，一半来自本公司，另一半来自客户，成

员应该多种多样的，同时任期为一到三年。文中没有提到“成员们应该到处活动以得到过多建议”。

（4）.Whoshouldpayfortheexpensesofthemeetingsandwhy?（分数：2.00）

A.Councilmembersshouldbecausetheyspendallthemoney

B.Thecompanyshouldbecauseitwi11profitfromthemJ

C.Customersshouldbecausetheyreaptheprofitintheend

D.Theorganizersshouldbecauseitistheirresponsibility

解析：解析：第五段第二句指出，你应该支付会议有关的一切费用，记住顾问班子成员是在为你们公司提

供服务。

（5）.Whatisthemainprincipletobeobservedinfollowingtheprocedures?（分数：

2.00）

A.FlexibilityV

B.Strictness

C.Practicality

D.Understanding

解析：解析：第七段第二句指出，通常，当某个议程规定的时间已到，有一-个人来计时并宣布时间很有帮

助。然而，在会议期间，需要灵活掌握。A最贴近题意。

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,,courteous,and

helpfulmostAmericanswereto"them.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymade

ofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,

exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardly

unknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.For

alongperiodoftimeand{nmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinan

otherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswho

generallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourceof

diversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralso

shapedthistraditionofhospitaiity.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,

oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement..Itwasnotamatterof

choiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.It

reflectedtheharshnessofdailylife,ifyoudidn^ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareof

him,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesame

situation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthe

wearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongin

theUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails."Iwas

justtravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehome

fordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,but

arenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbe

interpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistorically

developedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexset

ofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.

And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstands

socialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto"translate"culturalmeaningsproperly

oftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,when,anAmericanusestheword"friend”,the

culturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitors

languageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetween

courteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmany

Americansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.(分数：10.00)

(1).Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld(分数:2.00)

A.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheU.S.

B.small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment

C.Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors

D.mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelpV

解析：解析：第一段第一句指出，到美国去的旅游者对大多数美国人的印象是友好、礼貌和乐于助人。

(2).Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat(分数：2.00)

A.cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationshipJ

B.courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated

C.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

D.socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions

解析：解析：最后一段第•句指出，与任何发达国家一样，美国也有一套复杂的文化特征、观念和习俗成

为社会相互关系的基础。可见文化对社会关系的影响巨大。

(3).Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers(分数：2.00)

A.toimprovetheirhardlife

B.inviewoftheirlong-distancetravel

C.toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylifeJ

D.outofacharitableimpulse

解析：解析：第二段指山，旅游者的到来受到欢迎，他们给沉闷和寂寞的家庭带来外面的消息。

(4).Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers_(分数：2.00)

A.tendstobesuperficialandartificial

B.isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStatesV

C.isalwaysunderstoodproperly

D.hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails

解析：解析：第四段第二句指出，至今，好客的老传统在美国仍然盛行，特别是在远离旅游线路的小城

镇。

(5).Theword“superficial”(Para.4)mightmean(分数：2.00)

A.thoroughandprofound

B.morethanisneeded

C.onthesurfaceonlyJ

D.contemptuouslyindifferent

解析：解析：该句意为，许多美国人不经意的友好既不能认为是〃表面的〃，也不能认为是〃虚伪的〃，而是

文化传统历史发展的结果。

4.PartB

解析：

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumbered

blank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)If

yousmokeandyoustilldon'tbelievethatthere〃s〃adefinitelinkbetweensmokingand

bronchialtroubles,heartdiseaseandlungcancer,thenyouarecertainlydeceiving

yourself.Noonewillaccuseyouofhypocrisy.Letusjustsaythatyouaresufferingfroma

badcaseofwishfulthinking.Thisneedn^tmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouarein

goodcompany.Wheneverthesubjectofsmokingandhealthisraised,thegovernmentsofmost

countrieshearnoevil,seenoevi1andsmellnoevil.Admittedly,afewgovernmentshave

takentimidmeasures.(41)1.(42)2.Theanswerissimplymoney.Tobaccoisawonderful

commoditytotax.It“salmostlikeataxonourdailybread.Intaxrevenuealone,the

governmentofBritaincollectsenoughfromsmokerstopayforitsentireeducational

facilities.Sowhiletheauthoritiespointouteversodiscreetlythatsmokingmay,

conceivably,beharmful,itdoesn'tdotoshouttoo1oud1yaboutit.Thisissurelythemost

short-sightedpolicyyoucouldimagine.(43)3.Enormousamountsarespentoncancer

researchandoneffortstocurepeoplesufferingfromthedisease.Countlessvaluablelives

arelost.Inthelongrun,thereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offif

smokingwerebannedaltogether.Ofcourse,wearenotreadyforsuchadrasticaction.But

ifthegovernmentsoftheworldwerehonestlyconcernedaboutthewelfareoftheirpeoples,

you“dthinkthey〃dconductaggressiveanti-smokingcampaigns.Farfromit!Thetobacco

industryisallowedtospendstaggeringsumsonadvertising.Itsadvertisingisasinsidious

asitisdishonest.Wearenevershownpicturesofrealsmokerscoughinguptheirlungs

earlyinthemorning.Thatwouldneverdo.(44)4.(45)5.Smokingshouldbebannedinall

publicplacesliketheatres,cinemasandrestaurants.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinform

youngpeopleespeciallyofthedireconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Ahorrific

warning一say,apictureofadeath'shead,shouldbeincludedineverypacketofcigarettes

thatissold.Asindividuals,wearecertainlyweak,butifgovernmentsactedhonestlyand

courageously,theycouldprotectusfromourselves.A.Forastart,governmentscouldbegin

bybanningallcigaretteandtobaccoadvertisingandshouldthenconductanti-smoking

advertisingcampaignsoftheirown.B.Youdon'thavetolookveryfartofindoutwhythe

officialreactionstomedicalfindingshavebeenso1ukewarm.C.Ifsmokingisbannedinour

1ife,someeconomistswou1dworryaboutagreatlossincigaretteseconomy.D.Whilemoneyis

eagerlycollectedinvastsumswithonehand,itispaidoutinincreasinglyvastersums

withtheother.E.Theadvertisementalwaysdepictsvirile,clean-shavenyoungmen.They

suggestitismanlytosmoke,evenpositivelyhealthy!Smokingisassociatedwiththegreat

open-airlife,withbeautifulgirls,trueloveandtogetherness.Whatutternonsense!F.

Smokingisdiscouragedamongthestudentsatai1ofourcolleges,thesubjectofsmokingand

healthiswidelydiscussedthere.G.InBritain,forinstance,cigaretteadvertisinghasbeen

bannedontelevision.Theconscienceofthenationisappeased,whilethepopulation

continuestopuffitswaytosmoky,cancerousdeath.(分数：8.00)

填空项1：(正确答案：正确答案：B)

解析：解析：空白后面句子明显是对空白内容的回答：回答很简单，是钱的问题。B提出了问题：你不用

费劲得出为什么官方对医学的发现会一直很冷淡。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：D）

解析：解析：空白前面的句子指出，这肯定是最目光短浅的政策（指不敢大胆禁烟），D指出什么是口光短

浅：一方面是大肆搜刮钱财，另一方面是更大的付出。后面提到大量的资金投入到癌症研究和治疗。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：E）

解析：解析：空白前提到广告都在对吸烟作虚假宣传，从来没有暴露它的危害。E进一步作出阐述，广告

总是宣传健康男性抽烟，有益健康，与户外生活、漂亮女孩、爱情和欢聚联系起来，真是一派胡言。

填空项1:（正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：空白后面提到禁烟措施，A提出应该由政府开头，首先禁止广告，掀起反对吸烟的广告宣

传。

5.PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.

解析：

Bothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecal1and

recognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformation,decliningatfirst

rapidly,thengradually.（46）Thelongerthedelay,themorelikelyitisthatinformation

obtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemory,whichreducesaccuracy.

Admittedly,subsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.（47）“People

areparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftime

allowstheoriginalmemorytofade,andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthe

misinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareasked

whethertheoffenderhadabeard,theymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheir

memories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerally

agreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Nevertheless,even

preschoolerscanformreliablememories.YoungchiIdrendependoncontexttopromotememory,

andnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupport,but

thetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhaveto

becarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencan

beaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestions,theabilitytoresisttheinfluenceof

externalsuggestionincreaseswithage.（48）Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofanevent,

notbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionof

anadult,inauthority,orbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthat