管理信息系统（精要版·第14版） 课件 第5章IT基础设施：硬件与软件

EssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsFourteenthEditionChapter5ITInfrastructure:HardwareandSoftwareCopyright©2021,2019,2017PearsonEducation,Inc.

AllRightsReservedLearningObjectives5.1

WhatarethecomponentsofITinfrastructure?5.2

Whatarethemajorcomputerhardware,datastorage,input,andoutputtechnologiesusedinbusinessandthemajorhardwaretrends?5.3

Whatarethemajortypesofcomputersoftwareusedinbusinessandthemajorsoftwaretrends?5.4Whataretheprincipalissuesinmanaginghardwareandsoftwaretechnology?5.5

HowwillMIShelpmycareer?VideoCasesCase1–RockwellAutomationFuelstheOilandGasIndustrywiththeInternetofThings(IoT)Case2–ESPN.com:TheFutureofSportsCoverageintheCloudCase3–Netflix:BuildingaBusinessintheCloudAmericanAirlinesHeadsfortheCloudProblemOutdatedITinfrastructureHighlycompetitiveindustrySolutionsHybridcloudinfrastructureDynamicre-bookingIllustratesuseofcloudcomputingtoimproveeffectiveness,controlcosts,andimprovecustomerexperienceInfrastructureComponentsIT

infrastructurePlatformforsupportingallinformationsystemsinthebusinessComputerhardwareComputersoftwareDatamanagementtechnologyNetworkingandtelecommunicationstechnologyTechnologyservicesFigure5.1ITInfrastructureComponentsTypesofComputersPersonalcomputersandmobiledevicesWorkstationsServersMainframesSupercomputersGridcomputingClient/ServerComputingFormofdistributedcomputingSplitsprocessingbetween“clients”and“servers”Two-tieredclient/serverarchitectureMulti-tieredclient/serverarchitecture(N-tier)WebserversApplicationserversFigure5.2Client/ServerComputingFigure5.3AMultitieredClient/ServerNetwork(N-Tier)Storage,Input,andOutputTechnologyPrimarysecondarystoragetechnologiesMagneticdiskSSDsOpticaldisksMagnetictapeStoragenetworking:SANsInputdevicesE.g.keyboardOutputdevicesE.g.monitorContemporaryHardwareTrends(1of3)ThemobiledigitalplatformSmartphonesTabletcomputerseTextreadersConsumerizationofITandBYODNanotechnologyandquantumcomputingVirtualizationSoftware-definedstorage(SDS)InteractiveSession–Technology:IsBusinessReadyforWearableComputers?ClassdiscussionWearableshavethepotentialtochangethewayorganizationsandworkersconductbusiness.Discusstheimplicationsofthisstatement.Whatpeople,organization,andtechnologyissueswouldhavetobeaddressedifacompanywasthinkingofequippingitsworkerswithawearablecomputingdevice?Whatkindsofbusinessesaremostlikelytobenefitfromwearablecomputers?Selectabusinessanddescribehowawearablecomputingdevicecouldhelpthatbusinessimproveoperationsordecisionmaking.ExamplesofNanotubes©forance/123RFContemporaryHardwareTrends(2of3)Cloudcomputing:ComputingresourcesobtainedovertheInternetInfrastructureasaservice(IaaS)Softwareasaservice(SaaS)Platformasaservice(PaaS)Publicvs.privatecloudsUtilitycomputing,on-demandcomputingHybridcloudDatastoragesecurityisinhandsofproviderFigure5.4CloudComputingPlatformFigure5.5MajorAmazonWebServicesContemporaryHardwareTrends(3of3)GreencomputingGreenITPracticesandtechnologiesforminimizingimpactonenvironmentHigh-performanceandpower-savingprocessorsMulticoreprocessorsReducedpowerconsumptionInteractiveSession–Organizations:LooktotheCloudClassdiscussionWhatbusinessbenefitsdocloudcomputingservicesprovide?Whatproblemsdotheysolve?Whatarethedisadvantagesofcloudcomputing?Whatkindsofbusinessesaremostlikelytobenefitfromusingcloudcomputing?Why?Figure5.6TheMajorTypesofSoftwareOperatingSystemSoftwareSoftwarethatcontrolscomputeractivitiesGUIsMultitouchPCoperatingsystemsWindows,MacUNIXLinux(opensource)MobileoperatingsystemsChrome,Android,iOSApplicationSoftwareandDesktopProductivityTools(1of2)ProgramminglanguagesforbusinessCC++-newer,object-orientedversionofCVisualBasic:VisualprogramminglanguageforMSWindowsapplicationsJava:OS

-independentobject-orientedprogramminglanguageMigratedtomobileapplications,gamemachines,cableTVsystemsJavaVirtualMachineApplicationSoftwareandDesktopProductivityTools(2of2)SoftwarepackagesanddesktopproductivitytoolsWordprocessingsoftwareSpreadsheetsoftwareDatamanagementsoftwarePresentationgraphicsSoftwaresuitesWebbrowsersHTMLandHTML5Hypertextmarkuplanguage(HTML):PagedescriptionlanguageforspecifyinghowelementsareplacedonawebpageandforcreatinglinkstootherpagesandobjectsHTML5NextevolutionofHTMLEnablesmultimediaembeddingwithout3rdpartypluginslikeFlashWebServicesSoftwarecomponentsthatexchangeinformationwithoneanotherusinguniversalwebcommunicationstandardsandlanguagesXML(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage)FoundationofwebservicesServiceorientedarchitecture(SOA)Collectionofservicesusedtobuildanorganization’ssoftwaresystemsFigure5.7HowDollarRent-A-CarUsesWebServicesSoftwareTrendsOpensourcesoftwareLinux,ApacheCloud-basedsoftwareandtoolsSaaS(softwareasaservice)GoogleDocsMashupsZipRealtyusesGoogleMapsandZAppsMobileappsCapacityPlanningandScalabilityCapacityplanningPredictingwhenhardwaresystembecomessaturatedEnsuringcomputingpowerforcurrentandfutureneedsFactorsinclude:MaximumnumberofusersImpactofcurrent,futuresoftwarePerformancemeasuresScalabilityAbilityofsystemtoexpandtoservelargenumberofuserswithoutbreakingdownTotalCostofOwnership(TCO)modelAnalyzingdirectandindirectcoststodeterminetheactualcostofowningaspecifictechnologyDirectcosts:hardware,softwarepurchasecostsIndirectcosts:ongoingadministrationcosts,upgrades,maintenance,etc.Hiddencosts:supportstaff,downtime,etc.TCOcanbereducedthroughincreasedcentralization,standardizationofhardwareandsoftwareresources.UsingTechnologyServiceProvidersOutsourcingUsingexternalprovidertoruncomputercenterandnetworksWebhostingserviceOffshoresoftwareoutsourcingServicelevelagreements(SLAs)UsingcloudservicesAppealingtobusinesseswithsmallerITbudgetsPricingisperhour,per-useSwitchingcostsManagingMobilePlatformsMobiledevicesprovideproductivitygainsExpensesofequippingemployeeswithdevicesNetworkconfigurationSoftwareDevicesecurityStolenorcompromiseddevicesMobiledevicemanagement(MDM)softwareManagingSoftwareLocalizationforGlobalBusinessSoftwarelocalizationLocallanguageinterfacesComplexsoftwareinterfacesDifferencesinlocalculturesDifferencesinbusinessprocessesThesefactorsaddtoTCOofusingtechnology