隧道施工项目四隧道开挖ProjectTunnelexca

Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

任务三隧道爆破设计——隧道爆破设计Task3Tunnelblastingdesign——Tunnelblastingdesign项目四隧道开挖Project4Tunnelexcavation2知识目标通过本任务的学习，学生应掌握隧道爆破设计的参数选择方法；熟悉炸药单耗的确定方法；掌握炸药的分配原则。KnowledgeobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldmastertheparameterselectionmethodoftunnelblastingdesign;Befamiliarwiththedeterminationmethodofexplosiveunitconsumption;Masterthedistributionprincipleofexplosives.学习目标

Learningobjectives3能力目标通过本任务的学习，应能初步进行围岩隧道爆破设计；能绘制隧道钻爆设计图；具有安全意识和严谨工作态度。AbilityobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,weshouldbeabletopreliminarilycarryouttheblastingdesignofsurroundingrocktunnel;Beabletodrawtunneldrillingandblastingdesigndrawings;Havesafetyawarenessandrigorousworkingattitude.学习目标

Learningobjectives一、炮眼数量

Ⅰ.Numberofholes1.CalculationformulaN:Thenumberofholes,excludingthenumberofemptyholeswithoutcharge;K-Unitexplosiveconsumption;S-Cut-offarea;α—Explosiveweightpermeterofcartridgeγ—Chargecoefficient,i.e.theratioofchargelengthtototallengthofblasthole.1.计算公式

N：炮眼数量，不包括未装药的空眼数；

K—单位炸药消耗量；

S—开挖断面积，；

α—每米药卷的炸药重量

γ—装药系数，即装药长度与炮眼全长的比值。二、隧道爆破设计

Ⅱ.Tunnelblastingdesign根据下表确定炸药单位耗药量K：TheunitconsumptionKofexplosiveisdeterminedaccordingtothefollowingtable:2.经验数值参考表2.Referencetableofempiricalvalues3.经验类比法确定根据类似工程爆破条件确定炮眼数目，然后根据经验先布置掏槽眼，再根据地质情况及开挖面的大小均匀布置周边眼和辅助眼。3.EmpiricalanalogyAccordingtotheblastingconditionsofsimilarprojects,thenumberofblastholesisdetermined,andthenthecuttingholesarearrangedaccordingtotheexperience,andthentheperipheralholesandauxiliaryholesareevenlyarrangedaccordingtothegeologicalconditionsandthesizeoftheexcavationsurface.二、隧道爆破设计

Ⅱ.Tunnelblastingdesign二、炮眼深度

Ⅱ.Blastholedepth1.定义：眼口到眼底的垂直距离。2.如何确定炮眼深度：一般以循环进尺作为炮眼深度。软岩：循环进尺一般在0.8~1.5m左右。硬岩：3~5m（根据机械的最大钻进深度、钻眼的效率有关）1.Definition:Theverticaldistancefromeyemouthtofundus.2.Howtodeterminetheholedepth:Generally,circularfootageisusedasholedepth.Softrock:thecyclicfootageisgenerallyabout0.8~1.5m.Hardrock:3~5m(relatedtothemaximumdrillingdepthofmachineryanddrillingefficiency)三、装药量的计算及分配

Ⅲ.Calculationanddistributionofchargequantity1.总装药量采用体积公式计算：Q=kV（kg）K—爆破每立方米岩石所需炸药的消耗量V—一个循环进尺所爆落的岩石总体积，V=LS；L—计划循环进尺；S—开挖面积。1.TotalchargeCalculatedbyvolumeformula:q=kV(kg)K-ExplosiveconsumptionpercubicmeterofrockforblastingV-Thetotalvolumeofrockblastedbyacyclefootage,v=LS;L-Plannedcyclicfootage;S-Excavationarea.2.分配：原则：掏槽眼的装药量最多，其次是底眼，然后是辅助眼，周边眼的装药量最少。分配：掏槽眼：最多；中硬岩90~95%辅助眼：次之周边眼：最少；软岩：40~190g/m硬岩：300~400g/m底眼：多q单孔=qaWLλ单孔药卷量：以半卷，整卷计量为宜三、装药量的计算及分配

Ⅲ.Calculationanddistributionofchargequantity2.Distribution:Principle:Thechargingamountofthecuttingeyeisthemost,followedbythebottomeye,thentheauxiliaryeye,andthechargingamountoftheperipheraleyeistheleast.Allocation:Cuthole:maximum;Mediumhardrock90~95%Auxiliaryeye:SecondPeripheraleyes:Theleast;Softrock:40~190g/MHardrock:300~400g/MBottomhole:multipleQsinglehole=qawLλVolumeofsingleholedrugroll:halfrollandwholerollaresuitable四、装药结构

Ⅳ.Chargestructure1.定义：装药结构是指继爆药药卷和起爆药药卷在炮眼中的布置方法。2.分类（1）按起爆药卷的位置正向起爆：将起爆药卷放在眼口药卷位置上，雷管集中穴能量向眼底传递，并用炮泥堵塞眼口。反向起爆：将起爆药卷放在眼底药卷位置上，雷管集中穴朝外传递，并用炮泥堵塞眼口隧道爆破多采用反向起爆，将起爆药放到眼底位置。1.Definition:Chargestructurereferstothearrangementmethodofthesecondaryexplosivevolumeandthedetonatorvolumeintheguneye.2.Classification(1)AccordingtothepositionoftheexplosiverollPositiveinitiation:placethedetonatorrollontheholerollposition,andthedetonatorcentralizestheenergyoftheholetotheeyebottom,andblockstheholewithgunpowder.Reverseinitiation:placethedetonatorrollonthepositionoftheeye-floordrugroll,andthedetonatorconcentratedpointistransmittedoutward,andtheholemouthisblockedwithgunpowderThereverseinitiationisoftenusedintunnelblasting,andthedetonatorisplacedintheeyebottomposition.1.定义：装药结构是指继爆药药卷和起爆药药卷在炮眼中的布置方法。2.分类（2）按装药的连续性连续装药：把药卷一个紧接一个地装入炮眼，直至把该炮眼需用量装完。间隔装药：是在炮眼底部先装入一个起爆药卷，然后间隔一定距离装半个药卷，在隔一定距离再装半个药卷…直到预计药量装填完毕。掏槽眼、底眼、辅助眼采用连续装药结构。周边眼优选小直径药卷连续装药或大直径药卷间隔装药1.Definition:chargestructurereferstothearrangementmethodofsecondaryexplosiverollandprimaryexplosiverollinthegunhole.2.Classification(2)AccordingtothecontinuityofchargeContinuouscharging:thechargerollisloadedintotheholeoneafteranotheruntiltherequiredamountoftheholeisfilled.Intervalcharging:firstloadaprimerrollatthebottomofthegunhole,thenloadhalfarollatacertaindistance,andthenloadhalfarollatacertaindistance...Untiltheexpectedchargeisfilled.Thecuttinghole,bottomholeandauxiliaryholeadoptcontinuouschargingstructure.Theperipheraleyeispreferablysmalldiameterrollcontinuouschargeorlargediameterrollintervalcharge四、装药结构

Ⅳ.Chargestructure五、起爆方法和起爆顺序

Ⅴ.Initiationmethodandsequence采用导爆管起爆法。还应根据各种炮眼所起的作用来确定起爆顺序。一般是先掏槽眼、辅助眼、底板眼、周边眼。NONELtubeinitiationmethodwasused.Theinitiationsequenceshallalsobedeterminedaccordingtotheroleofvariousblastholes.Generally,thecuttinghole,auxiliaryeye,bottomplateeyeandperipheraleyearecutfirst.五、起爆方法和起爆顺序

Ⅴ.Initiationmethodandsequence炮眼布置图

Holelayout爆破参数表

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