隧道施工任务四截水措施TaskWaterintercep

Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

任务四截水措施Task4Waterinterceptionmeasures项目八隧道防排水工程施工Project8Constructionoftunnelwaterproofanddrainageworks2知识目标通过本任务的学习，学生应掌握隧道的截水措施；了解隧道截水措施的施工过程；掌握隧道截水施工要点。KnowledgeobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldmasterthewaterinterceptionmeasuresofthetunnel;Understandtheconstructionprocessoftunnelwaterinterceptionmeasures;Masterthekeypointsoftunnelwaterinterceptionconstruction.学习目标

Learningobjectives3能力目标通过本任务的学习，学生应具备初步指导隧道截水施工的能力；具备团结协作的能力和细致认真的责任心。AbilityobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldhavetheabilitytopreliminarilyguidethetunnelwaterinterceptionconstruction;Havetheabilityofunityandcooperationandacarefulsenseofresponsibility.学习目标

Learningobjectives课程引入：如何防止地表水流入隧道？Courseintroduction:howtopreventsurfacewaterfromenteringthetunnel?一、隧道截水措施

Ⅰ.Tunnelwaterinterceptionmeasures

泄水洞Dischargetunnel

洞顶截水天沟Roofinterceptinggutter指通过一定结构截断地表水和地下水流入隧道的通路。Itreferstocuttingofftheaccessofsurfacewaterandgroundwaterintothetunnelthroughacertainstructure.二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop

洞顶截水天沟是为了防止地表水冲刷仰坡，流入隧道而设置的，一般设在洞口边坡上方，当有地表径流时，地表水流经隧道上方边仰坡，会首先汇入洞顶截水天沟，进而从隧道两侧排走，阻止地表水流入隧道。Thetunneltopinterceptinggutterissetuptopreventsurfacewaterfromscouringthefrontslopeandflowingintothetunnel.Itisgenerallysetabovetheportalslope.Whenthereissurfacerunoff,thesurfacewaterflowsthroughthefrontslopeabovethetunnelandwillfirstflowintothetunneltopinterceptinggutter,andthendrainawayfrombothsidesofthetunneltopreventsurfacewaterfromflowingintothetunnel.

通常，截水天沟设置在边仰坡坡顶以外不小于5米，黄土地区不小于10米。设置时沿等高线向线路一侧或两侧排水，其坡度不得小于0.3%，以防排水不畅导致淤积。当纵坡过陡时，应设计急流槽或跌水连接，防止地表水冲刷边坡。在地面自然坡度陡于1:1时，截水天沟最好做成阶梯式，减少冲刷。二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.ConstructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltopGenerally,theinterceptinggutterisnotlessthan5mawayfromthetopofthesideandfrontslope,andnotlessthan10minloessarea.Whensetting,drainwatertooneorbothsidesofthelinealongthecontourline,andtheslopeshallnotbelessthan0.3%topreventsiltationcausedbypoordrainage.Whenthelongitudinalslopeistoosteep,achuteordropconnectionshallbedesignedtopreventsurfacewaterfromscouringtheslope.Whenthenaturalgradientofthegroundissteeperthan1:1,theinterceptingguttershouldbemadeintoaladdertoreducescouring.

截水天沟的断面应根据流入截水沟的汇水区流量来确定，一般来讲，水沟深度高出预计水面20cm，底部宽度和深度均不小于60cm；在干燥少雨地区，深度可减少至40cm，水沟分水点深度可减至20cm。截水天沟长度应该设置一般要求使边坡不受到冲刷为宜，而且水沟下游需将水引至适当地点排放，避免危害农田和冲刷山体；如果水量较大，则不要将水引向路堑排放，最好依据地形，将水引至沟谷或涵洞处排放。Thesectionoftheinterceptingguttershallbedeterminedaccordingtotheflowintothecatchmentareaoftheinterceptinggutter.Generallyspeaking,thedepthoftheguttershallbe20cmhigherthantheexpectedwatersurface,andthebottomwidthanddepthshallnotbelessthan60cm;Indryareaswithlittlerain,thedepthcanbereducedto40cmandthedepthofditchdiversionpointcanbereducedto20cm.Thelengthofinterceptingguttershallbesetgenerallysothattheslopeisnotscoured,andthewateratthedownstreamoftheguttershallbeledtoanappropriateplacefordischargetoavoidharmingfarmlandandscouringmountains;Ifthewatervolumeislarge,donotleadthewatertothecuttingfordischarge.Itisbesttoleadthewatertothegullyorculvertfordischargeaccordingtotheterrain.二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop工程案例赣州至深圳铁GSSG—6B标二分部DK319+141~DK347+395段隧道截水天沟施工。技术要求1.截水天沟设置目的是为了防止坡顶地表水冲刷边仰坡导致边坡滑坡、塌方、泥石流等灾害。截水沟在边坡开挖前完成；2.截水天沟形状主要有Ⅰ型沟、Ⅱ型沟两种断面。EngineeringcaseConstructionofinterceptinggutteroftunnelsectiondk319+141~dk347+395ofsectionIIofgssg-6bbidofGanzhouShenzhenrailway.Technicalrequirement1.Thepurposeofsettinginterceptinggutteristopreventslopelandslide,collapse,debrisflowandotherdisasterscausedbysurfacewaterscouringthesideandfrontslopesatthetopoftheslope.Interceptingditchshallbecompletedbeforeslopeexcavation;2.TheshapeofinterceptingguttermainlyincludestypeIditchandtypeIIditch.二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop

Ⅰ式断面TypeIsectionⅡ式断面TypeIIsection二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop

3.截水天沟中线距变仰坡开挖线不小于5米，流水坡度不小于3‰，沟身采用C25钢筋砼先浇。设单层Φ8钢筋网，网格间距20cm×20cm。4.截水沟施工前，先进行场地清理，再按照施工图纸进行开挖放样，并准确测量放样截水沟中心线桩及相应检查恢复桩。截水沟应在明洞拉槽开挖及仰坡开挖前施工完毕。3.Thedistancebetweenthecenterlineoftheinterceptinggutterandtheexcavationlineofthevariablefrontslopeshallnotbelessthan5m,andthewatergradientshallnotbelessthan3‰.TheditchbodyshallbepouredwithC25reinforcedconcretefirst.SetsinglelayerΦ8.Reinforcementmeshwithgridspacingof20cm×20cm。4.Beforetheconstructionofinterceptingditch,thesiteshallbecleanedfirst,thentheexcavationandsettingoutshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotheconstructiondrawings,andthecenterlinepileofinterceptingditchandcorrespondinginspectionandrecoverypileshallbeaccuratelymeasuredandsetout.Theconstructionofinterceptingditchshallbecompletedbeforethetrenchexcavationofopentunnelandtheexcavationoffrontslope.二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop

5.截水沟布设要顺应原地貌的地势，修整平缓顺直，上进口与原地面衔接紧密，满足截留坡面水的要求，不出现溢水或渗漏，下游出水口引入路基截水沟。6.截水沟基坑采用人工配合机械开挖，应保证截水沟的几何尺寸满足设计要求。开挖时禁止直接往坡下弃土，并设专人随时注意洞口的人员、机械，防止落石伤人，开挖应避开雨天施工。5.Theinterceptingditchshallbelaidinaccordancewiththeterrainoftheoriginallandform,leveled,smoothandstraight,andtheupperinletshallbecloselyconnectedwiththeoriginalgroundtomeettherequirementsofinterceptingslopewaterwithoutoverfloworleakage.Thedownstreamoutletshallbeintroducedintothesubgradeinterceptingditch.6.Thefoundationpitofinterceptingditchshallbeexcavatedmanuallyandmechanically,andthegeometricdimensionofinterceptingditchshallmeetthedesignrequirements.Duringexcavation,itisforbiddentodirectlydumpsoildowntheslope,andaspecialpersonshallbeassignedtopayattentiontothepersonnelandmachineryattheportalatanytimetopreventfallingstonesfromhurtingpeople.Theexcavationshallavoidconstructioninrainydays.二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop

7.截水沟所用的材料必须符合规范要求，混凝土配合比必须准确，机械搅拌。截水沟开挖后应及时施工，防止地表水流沿沟下渗，造成坡体坍塌。

8.混凝土施工应挂线施工、分层分段砌筑，每10米设一道伸缩缝，缝用沥青麻筋填充。内侧及沟底应平顺。7.Thematerialsusedintheinterceptingditchmustmeetthespecificationrequirements,theconcretemixproportionmustbeaccurateandmechanicallymixed.Theinterceptingditchshallbeconstructedintimeafterexcavationtopreventsurfacewaterfrominfiltratingalongtheditchandcausingslopecollapse.8.Theconcreteconstructionshallbecarriedoutbyhanginglinesandlayinginlayersandsections.Anexpansionjointshallbesetevery10m,andthejointshallbefilledwithasphalthempreinforcement.Theinnersideandditchbottomshallbesmooth.二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop施工准备Constructionpreparation天沟开挖基底清理Gutterexcavationandbasecleaning断面检查Sectioninspection不合格Unqualified

测量放样Surveyandsettingout

合格Qualified施工砂浆垫层Constructionmortarcushion

钢筋绑扎、挂线、立模Reinforcementbinding,linehangingandformworkerection

浇筑混凝土Pouringconcrete监理工程师验收Acceptancebysupervisionengineer不合格Unqualified

合格Qualified拆模养护Formworkremovalandmaintenance截水沟施工工艺流程Constructionprocessflowofinterceptingditch整改Rectification施工过程中必须严谨细致，严格遵守规范Theconstructionprocessmustberigorousandmeticulousandstrictlyabidebythespecifications二、洞顶截水天沟施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofinterceptinggutterattunneltop三、泄水洞施工

Ⅲ.Constructionofdischargetunnel

泄水洞一般设在地下水上游一侧，与隧道方向平行或近似平行，这样上游的地下水在流向隧道的过程中首先经泄水洞的过滤孔眼流入泄水洞内排走，从而拦截排走地下水，防止地下水危害隧道。泄水洞洞口一般设置洞门及出水沟渠，方便引入的地下水排出。Thedischargetunnelisgenerallylocatedattheupstreamsideofthegroundwater,parallelorapproximatelyparalleltothetunneldirection.Inthisway,theupstreamgroundwaterflowsintothedischargetunnelthroughthefilterholeofthedischargetunnelfirst,soastointerceptanddischargethegroundwaterandpreventthegroundwaterfromendangeringthetunnel.Theportalandoutletditcharegenerallysetattheoutletofthedischargetunneltofacilitatethedischargeoftheintroducedgroundwater.二、泄水洞施工

Ⅱ.Constructionofdischargetunnel1.在设置泄水洞时，需要根据地质情况、地下水位以及需要降低水位的程度来确定与隧道的间距，通常泄水洞与隧道的净间距不小于10—15米。2.泄水洞一般宽、高不小于1.2*1.8米，如果泄水洞较长，尺寸应适当加大。保证泄水洞有足够的的排水能力，同时还要方便施工和检查维修。1.Whensettingthedischargetunnel,thedistancebetweenthedischargetunnelandthetunnelshallbedetermi