高中英语重点语法大全

高中英语重点语法大全

高中英语重点语法大全

定语从句

1.定语从句的结构及理解

2.定语从句的关系词的使用

3.定语从句的简化表达

知识总结归纳

（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词

的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句

一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫

做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，

这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副

词：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先

行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。

结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquickly

advancingtowardsher.

2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthe

gesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitions

orotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.

4.Theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotect

marineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversand

coastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeel

whatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheir

heroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofame

isaninspiringstory.

（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：

限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺

少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定

性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之

间有逗号隔开。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,which

grewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,which

musthavebeenthreemetersdeep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldand

wet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellas

tonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.

（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，

这些关系词在介词后面常用which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetowork

togetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswiminthe

seawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewere

eatenbytheshark.

知识重点与难点

（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是

all,no,only等形式时，关系代词一般用that,而不能用

whicho

1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuilt

atthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.

（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用

when,where,why还有which,that

1.I'mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlived

for10years.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.1thinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellthe

truthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthis

absenceatthemeeting.

（三）定语从句的简化表达：

1.Themanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfrom

WuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhim

tomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表

达出来：

1.Themansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfrom

WuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非

谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，beingdone短语，

tobedone短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：

1.被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做….的人/正在发生的事。

2.被修饰名词+done短语：被…・・的人/事

3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语：正在被.的人/事

4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语：将要被.的人/事

(1)Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

(2)The“crazy“gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircle

infrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall“inBrazil.

(3)Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

(4)Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjectto

bephotographed.

(5)Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarrivehere

tomorrow.6)Goodsimportedfromabroadarenotalways

betterthanthosemadeinChina.

(7)TheYellowRiver,saidtobe"themotherriver"runs

acrossChinalikeahugedragon.

总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，

不定式的各种形式作定语。

1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个

V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表

示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。beingdone表示

正在被做的

3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，tobedone表示将要被做

的

【典型例题】

[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,playsanimportant

roleinpeople'slives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it

分析：playsanimportantroleinpeople'slives为非限

定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从

句。

答案:A

[例2]UncleLiIworkedthreeyearsagohasretired

now.

A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom

分析：Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先

行词UncleLi,从句完整的表达是：IworkedwithUncleLi

threeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词witho

答案：C

[例3]Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhis

carelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.

whyheexplained

分析：定语从句atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessin

hiswork修饰先行词thereason指“他在会上就他工作中的

粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。

答案：A

[例4]Teachers,workisratherhard,arebeingbetter

paidthanbefore.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

分析:非限定性定语从句workisratherhard修饰先行

词teachers,它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用

whose

答案：D

[例5]TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn't

includedwomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying

分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才

容纳女运动员。in776BC做定语修饰TheOlympic

Games,指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。

答案：C

[例6]Thehousesfortheteachersandtheconstruction

workwillstartsoon.

A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt分析：根据句

意房子即将开工。fortheteachersandtheconstruction

work修饰Thehouses应为ThehousesThehouses将要为教

师和施工修建的房子。

答案：B

[例7]Howmanyofus,ameetingthatisnotimportant

touswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended

分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重

要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？,say,

ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修饰Howmanyofus做

定语。与全句动作同步.

答案：B

[例8]Shehasthreechildren,isworkinginAustralia.

A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem

分析：非限定性定语从句—isworkinginAustralia修饰先行

词threechildren,根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子

中的一个在澳大利亚工作。

答案：B

【模拟试题】

1.Susanistheverygirlthegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoneyhecould

buyatrainticket.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich

3.Thebookhedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnext

month.

A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich

4.ThedaycamefinallyIwasgivenanopportunityto

actintheplay.

A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich

5.1.Don'tyouthinkthequestiontomorrowisofgreat

importance.

A.beingdiscussedB.discussed

C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss

6.Thefoodatthemomentisforthedinnerparty.

A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.being

cooked

7.Doyouknowtheteacherunderthebigtree?

A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingread

【试题答案】

1.CSusan正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the

verygirl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句

didthegooddeed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom

2.C定语从句hecouldbuyatrainticket.修饰先行词

money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with

3.C定语从句hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大

量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote….tosth.关系词前加

介词：to

4.A定语从句Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactinthe

play修饰先行词theday：先行词theday在从句中做时间

状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。

5.C短语tomorrow做定语修饰thequestion,根据表

达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结

构做定语。

6.D短语atthemoment做thefood的定语，表示：正

在做的食物。Beingdone做定语表示：正在被……的……。

7.C现在分词短语readingunderthebigtree做定语修饰

theteacher表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。

情态动词

1.情态动词的推测表达

2.情态动词表达虚拟语气

3.某些情态动词的特殊用法

知识重点与难点总结

知识重点：

情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：

（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,

may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实

的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may/might/can/could

表示“可能..."，must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否

定式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不...”，而can/could

可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能……吗?”，其否定式can"

/coukhft表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的

事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。

（二）对现在的事实进行推测：

主要结构：…must/may/might+动词原形

be+名词/形容词/介词短语

be+doing例句：

1.YoumustbeJeanne.TmMathildeLoisel.Weusedto

knoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn'tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn'tgotmuch

commonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan'tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditvery

carefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?

（三）对过去的事实进行推测：

结构：情态动词+havedone/been+名词/形容词/介词短语

例句：

1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn'thaveseenAnnayesterday.She'sgoneabroad.

3.1thinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…九

这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所

发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结

构是在一些情态动词后面加havedone结构。根据要表达的

意思，有如下结构：

shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本应该....

shouldn'thavedone/oughtn'ttohavedone：本不该....

couldhavedone：本来可以....

needn'thavedone：本来没必要....

wouldliketohavedone：本来很想....

wouldrathernothavedone:本来不愿意....

could/might/havedone:不然早就....

例句：

1.Youshouldn'thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.1oughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreading

novels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthe

train.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephoned

him.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescuein

time.

知识难点：

某些情态动词的特殊用法：

need和dare的两种形式的用法

need和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（todo）结

构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或

don^/doesn^/didn^o作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问

句和否定句中。情态动词needift（没有必要，不必）相当

于don'thaveto例句:

1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?

Thankyou,youneedn't.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意：

句型Idaresay+从句。意思是：我肯定...=I'msure或

Thereisnodoubtthat+从句。

例句：

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would则指过去愿意

做...

例句：

1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表达“过去习惯做...”类似于“usedtodo”

例句：

1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingevery

summerinthatriver.

表示请求，固定的句型：WillAVouldyoupleasedo...?/

Wouldyouliketodo...?

例句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyou

seehim?

shall

1.用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议”或“推荐”

例句：

1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?2.ShallIwatchTVnow?

3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”

例句：

1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.

2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuch

noiseagain.

在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can/can't/could/

couldift表示,意思是：“可能…吗?”；“…不可能…”。而不

能使用mustn't或must等词。

【典型例题】

1.一Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He

bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.

A.mightB.mustC.canD.should

分析:本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据heisthelastone

tohelpothers.（他是最不可能帮助别人的人），既然如此，

那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A

2.一Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoitbe?

一IthinkitbeTom.

—Idon'tthinkit___be____.

A.can;must;can;heB.may;can;must;him

C.must;can;must;hisD.might;must;can;himself分

析:根据备选答案。can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。

本题首句就应该是Guesswhocanitbe?第二句应该是I

thinkitmustbeTom.（说话人十分肯定）。第三句表达了说

话人对前一个人的否定。即：Idon^thinkitcanbehim/he.

（不可能是他）。答案为A

3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

一Sure.Shearoundthecampusnow.

A.mustbewalkingB.mustwalk

C.maywalkD.maybewalking

分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据

句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。mustbedoing表示

肯定正在做。答案为A

4.一IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

一Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsayD.must

havestayed

分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此ahotel是泛

指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和

Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本来可以。答

案为A

5.Whydidn'tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I

allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.

A.needn'thavedrivenB.can'thavedriven

C.mustn'thavedrivenD.shouldn'thavedriven

分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没

必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn'thavedone表示本来

没必要。答案为A

6.1wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithouta

word.

A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleft

C.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave

分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不

说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Shouldhavedone正好

表达了本句的意思。答案为B

7.A：AreyoucomingtoJeff^party?

B：I'mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.

A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

分析：根据B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。

Might表示推测：可能。答案为D

8.A：Ipromisethatshegetanicepresentonher

birthday.

B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall

分析：A说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼

物。shall表示许诺。答案为D

【模拟试题】

1.A：IsJohncomingbytrain?

B：Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.mustB.canC.needD.may

2.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn't

showup.

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving

3.Sorry,I'mlate.Ihaveturnedoffthealarmand

gonetosleepagain.

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

4.Youbetired—you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.

A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot

5.—Ididn'tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycar

brokedown.

一Youmine.Iwasn'tusingit.

A.mightborrowB.couldhaveborrowed

C.canhaveborrowedD.oughttoborrow

6.—Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasher

husband.

—Itherhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.

A.mustn'tbeB.couldn'thavebeen

C.maynothavebeenD.mustn'thavebeen

【试题答案】

1.分析：根据B的回答“他应该（坐火车来），但是也不一

定，他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。

may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D

2.分析：根据句意：White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席

会议的，可他（在8:30）没有到场。Shouldhavedone表示：

本应该。答案为A

3.分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹

钟又睡了。mighthavedone表示对过去的推测：可能已

经……答案为A

4.分析：根据后半句You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.

（你才刚干了一个小时）说明

Youbetired（你不可能很累），can't表示“不可能”答

案为C

5.分析：听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说

“你本来可以借我的车去

上班。”本来可以/能：couldhavedone.答案为B

6.分析：第二个人是说：那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈

夫已经去世多年了。根据对

话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能：couldnot

havedone答案为：B

与it有关的主要句型

it强调句型

知识总结归纳：

（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，

it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（todo短

语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。

主要句型：

+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth./doingsth.

find/make/think/feelit+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth./doingsth.

例句：

1.Itwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagood

knowledgeofEnglish.

2.Ifsusualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.

3.It'sapitythatIdidn'tthinkofitearlier.

4.It'snousegoingtheresoearly.

5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.

6.Didn'tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?

7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.

（二）其他句型

1.Ittakes+时间段+sb.+todosth.

2.表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等

It'ssaidthat........

Ifsreportedthat.......

It'sbeiieved/thought/suggestedthat.......

例句：

1.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint-beingonthe

samewavelength.

2.Itisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring（探

险）ontheirownandgetstuckonthecliff.

3.It'ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscussthe

problem.

4.Itwasoncepredicted（预测）thatBritishandAmerican

Englishwouldbecomeseparatelanguagesfinally.

（三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某

一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一

部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。

Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。

Itis/wasnotuntil+时间+that+句子的其他部分。

例句：

1.1sawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthis

morning.

ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.

ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.

2.ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.

3.Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.

4.Itwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmy

familiarroomatnightthatfrightenedmesomuch.

5.Itwasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthat

preventedmefromdoingso.

知识难点：

（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句

的形式出现的强调句型。

1.WhatisitthatJoecan'tfindinthebathroom?

2.Wherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfrom

Australia?

3.1can'tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.

4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?

（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句

1.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasan

internationallanguage.

2.Itisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethe

symptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.

3.Itwasalmostteno'clockwhenoursoldierscameback

fromthefront.

4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?

三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句

WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledby

CaptainJohnsonthatPeterlosthislife.

【典型例题】

一.单项选择：

1.Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguage

withoutmuchmemory.

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

分析：本题考查it做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的

记忆掌握一门外语是不可能的。”故选择D

2.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型.如果他没能按时完成

工作的话，这很要紧吗？故选择D

3.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldwork

harder,butdidn'thelp.

A.heB.whichC.sheD.it

分析：本题考查it的代词用法。It指上一句的内容：Tom的

母亲始终告诉他应该努力学习。故选择D

4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasan

internationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：英语正在作为一种国

际性语言被接受是一个事实。选择D

5.Itwasinthesmallhousewasbuiltwithstonesbyhis

fatherhespenthischildhood.

A.which;thatB.that;where

C.which;whichD.that;which分析：本题考查带有定语从

句的强调句型用法。句中："wasbuiltwithstonesbyhis

father的定语从句。被强调的部分是inthesmallhouse

wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfathero根据句意：他正是在他

父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选择A

二.单句改错：

1.Thatissaidthatthisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseveral

languages.

分析：根据句意：据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示

据说，应当说：Itissaidthat...oThat改为：It

2.Isthisyourturntocleantheblackboard?

分析：根据句意：该轮到你擦黑板了吧？轮到某人做某事:

Itisone9sturntodo....This改为：it

3.Itisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsaroundthe

earthonceeverymonth.

分析：表示"众所周知”可以说：Itisknowntoeveryonethat+

陈述句。或：Asisknowntoeveryone,+陈述句。It改为：

As,或去掉“，”加连词that

4.Theofficialmadethisclearthathewoulddoeverything

possibletosolvetheproblem.

分析：根据句意：这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。

固定结构应当是：makeitclearthat+陈述句。It在此是形式

宾语。This改为：it

5.Itwasintheparkwheretheoldcoupletoldmetheirlove

story.

分析：根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型，强调地点：in

thepark所以按照强调句型的结构where改为：that

6.Althoughwecan'tseethem,thereisairaroundus.

分析：句中的代词them根据句意应当指代后面的air,但

air是不可数名词，因此them改为：it

三.翻译句子：

1.直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。

分析：表达“直到……才……”可以用not...,until…引导的

时间状语从句；也用强调句型；或倒装句。翻译：

(1)Ididn'ttelephonetheofficeuntilWednesday.

(2)ItwasnotuntilWednesdaythatItelephonedtheoffice.

(3)NotuntilWednesdaydidItelephonetheoffice.

2.只有当我们看不清楚的时候，我们才意识到我们眼睛的重

要性。

分析：本句可以用强调句表达，也可以用倒装句：

翻译：

(1)Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealize

howimportantoureyesare.

(2)Onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlydowerealizehow

importantoureyesare.

3.Itwasinsurgerythattheresultsofthatdiscoverywere

obtained,anditwastherethatthebattlebetweenthenew

ideaandtheoldprejudiceswasfoughtoutmostdramatically.

翻译：那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的，也正是在那

里，新思想与旧偏见用最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。

【模拟试题】

一.单项选择：

1.Nobodythinksverypolitetobealwayscuttinginwhen

anotherpersonistalking.

A.thatB.thisC.itD.there

2.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm;Ihadexpectedtobe

muchbetter.

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it

3.Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme.

A.thisB.itC.whichD.what

4.Itwaswithgreatcouragetheboytoldthetruthhehad

stolenthemoney.

A.which;thatB.when;what

C.as;thatD.that;that

5.WhenItrytofindthatpreventssomanypeoplefrom

takingpartintheprogram,itseemstomethattherearetwo

maincauses.

A.whatitdoesB.whatitis

C.whyitdoesD.whyitis

6.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopeswillbeaboy.

A.heB.thatC.itD.there

二.句型转换：

将下列陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。

1.Thechildrenoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.

2.In1993,atomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferent

fromanygrownbefore.

3.ThebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersistheshortageof

arableland.

4.Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyas

wellastraditionalmethods.

三.阅读理解：

A

Itisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowto

communicatewithoutwordswhenyouareinanother

country.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewith

eachotherbyusinggestures（手势）.However,manygestures

havedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,indifferent

partsoftheworld.

IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddown

means"yes”,whileinsomepatsofGreeceandTurkey,it

means“no”.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayof

saying“Iheardyou”.TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputs

histhumbup,itmeans“Everythingisallright."However,in

Greeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclasped（紧握的）handsup

aboveyourheadmeans“Iamthewinner.,,Itisthesign

whichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitisthesignof

friendship.

IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumband

indexfinger（食指）,andtheotherthreestraightmeans

“EverythingisOK.”InFrance,itmeans4<Youareworth

nothing.^^

Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.Ifyou

lookdownwhentalkingtoanAmerican,heorshemayfeel

thatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.

Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesome

topicsthatcannotbetalkedabout,suchasage,weightand

marriage.Youcantalkabouttheweather,work,sports,food,

whereonelivesandnewsoftheday.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.

B.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsorno

meaningsatall.

C.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.

D.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.

2.InGreecenoddingyourheadmeans"

A.Yes.B.No

C.IheardyouD.Iamthewinner

3.Puttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin.

A.GreeceB.theUSAC.EnglandD.China

4.Whatdoesthissentencemean”.…youractioncanspeak

louderthanyourwords”？

A.Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.

B.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.

C.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthrough

yourwords.

D.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.

5.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouarein

anothercountry,.

A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.

B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.

C.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisas

importantastoknowthelanguage.

D.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthan

toknowthelanguage.

B

"Intheolddays,"asonewifesaid.“Thehusbandwas

thehusbandandthewifewasthewife."Inthepast

husbandseachhadtheirownwayofgoingon.Thewives'

jobsweretolookafterthem.

“Thewiveswouldn'tstandforitnowadays.Husbands

helpwiththechildrennow.Theystaymore,aswellashave

moreinterest,athome.^^Weshallgivesomeexamplesof

whathusbandsdo,firstlyinsharingworkwiththeirwives;

andsecondly,intheirlargelyindependentdomain（领域）of

houserepairs.

“Somehusbands,aswellasdoingmuchoftheheavy

workinthehome,carryingthecoals,andemptyingthe

rubbish,actasassistantstotheirwivesforatleastpartof

theday."Mr.Hammondwashesupthedisheseverynight

andlaysthebreakfastforthemorning.Mr.Clarksaidthat

onSundaymorningsheusuallyhovered（吸尘）aroundand

readplaysaloudforhiswifewhileshedidabitofwashing.

Mr.Davispolishesthefloorsandhelpstomakethebedsat

weekend,andduringweekdays,takesthedogoutforoneof

histwice-dailywalks.Soitgoeson....

1.Theexpression“actasassistantstotheirwives“means

that.

A.husbandsreadplaysaloud.

B.husbandsarepaidbytheirwives.

C.husbandshelptheirwives.

D.husbandslookaftertheirsickchildren.

2.Themeaningofthewife'swordsatthebeginningofthe

passagewasthat.

A.inthepastmenstayedathomeallday.

B.inthepasttherewasacleardivisionofroleinthefamily.

C.inthepastmostboysandgirlsweremarriedatanearly

age.

D.inthepastwivesandhusbandslivedseparately.

3.WhatdoesMr.Davisdoatweekends?

A.Hecleansthefloorsandmakesthebeds.

B.Hereadsplaysaloudanddoestheweeklyshopping.

C.Hecook