大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷54（共220题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷54（共9套）

（共220题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第1套

一、词汇理解(本题共70题，每题1.0分，共70分。)

Aninvestigatorintoihedrugoverdose(服药过H.)deaihofMarilynMonroe43years

agoFridaystillisnotconvincedshekilledherself.JohnW.Miner,whoinvestigated

Monroe'sdeathasaLosAngelesCountyprosecutor,claimsMonroe'spsychologist,Dr.

RalphGreenson,playedhimsecretaudiotapesmadebythestarduringoneofhertherapy

sessions[Cl]beforeherdeath.Akey[C2]ofthealleged(所谓

的)tapes,accordingtoMiner,isthatMonroewasnot[C3]andwasactively

planningtobecomeaserious,Shakespeareanactress.Minersayshetookcareful,hand­

writtennotesofthetapesandlaterproducedanear-exacttranscript.Thereisno[C4]

Miner'sclaimsaretrue,sinceDr.Grccnsonisnowdeadandnooneelseclaims

tohaveheardthetape.nYouaretheonlypersonwhowilleverknowthemost[C5]

thoughtsofMarilynMonroe,"sheallegedlytoldherdoctor.InMiner's

transcript,Monroediscussedherplansto[C6]Shakespeare."No[C7]

personcouldpossiblythinkthatthepersonwhomadethosetapeskilled

herself,"Minersaid.Shealsomayhaverecordedherfeelingsabouthavingto[C8]

offherromance(罗曼史)withRobertKennedy."Thereisnoroominmylife

forhim,"sheallegedlysaid."IguessIdon'thavethe[C9]tofaceuptoitand

hurthim.Iwantsomeoneelsetotellhimit'sover.Itriedtogetthepresidenttodoit,but

Icouldn't[CIO]him."A)proofE)boldI)revelationM)depressedB)

reasonableF)breakJ)pursueN)assignmentC)postponeG)optimisticK)courage0)

reachD)secretH)shortlyL)constantly

1、(Cll

标准答案：H

知识点解析：本句不缺任何必须成分，故可优先考虑副词作状语。本句中的during

oneofhertherapysessions表明该副词其后的时间状语应为一次性的，在词库的两

个副词中，constantly是一个表示持续性的副词，故可排除，答案为shortly。

2、[C2]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处需要名词作句子的主语核心词，本句是为了进一步说明上一句提

到的磁带揭示了什么秘密，词库中的revelation和secrel在语义上都与此有关。根

据本句的谓语部分可知该秘密已经揭开，而secret一词含有“不为人知、尚未揭晓”

的意思，不妥当，因此答案为revelation。

3、（C31

标准答案：M

知识点解析：此处需要形容词、名词或动词的分词作表语。根据and这个表示并列

关系的信号词可判断空白处需要一个表示消极意义的词，故答案为depressedo

4、[C4]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空白处前的Thereisno提示，此处需要名词，可以是不可数名词，也

可是单数可数名词。根据后面since引导的从句以及前文所说是Dr.Greenson把

录音带放给Milner听的，可推断主句暗示“死无对证”，故答案为proof。

5、[C5]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空白处前的由cmost和空白处后的thoughts提示，此处需要形容词作

ihoughls的定语。这句话是梦露对她的医生说的，结合该句中的onlyperson等可推

断secret最适合，表明只有医生一个人知道她的秘密。

6、[C6]

标准答案：J

知识点解析♦：由不定式信号词2可推断，此处需要动词原形。第2段末句提到梦

露曾经planningtobecomeaserions,Shakespeareanactress>本句同样讲到了梦露和

莎士比亚，由此可判断本题答案为pursue（应求）。

7、[C7]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处需要形容词或分词作person的定语。根据文中所述Miner"的调

杳和发现以及他的观点可判断他认为梦露并不是自杀的，由此可确定此处需要一个

表示积极意义的词，故答案为reasonable。

8、[C8]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：空白处前的havingio提示，此处需要动词原形，且可与off搭配，根

据空白处后的内容可以准断该动词表明梦露和肯尼迪“结束”恋情，故break最适

合。

9、[C9]

标准答案:K

知识点解析：空白处前的定冠词the提示，此处需要名词作have的宾语。根据face

uplo这个信号词组以及下文【wantsomeoneelsetotellhimi「sover.可判断此处答

案为courage,表明梦露没有勇气来面对这件事情。

10、[C10]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：空白处前的couldn't提示，此处需要动词原形，且该词能后接宾语。

根据but一词的作用可推断该动词表明的动作与前面分句中get的意思相同。在该

句中表明没能“联系至『'总统，故答案为reach。

二、长篇阅读(本题共，0题，每题1.0分，共70分。)

WhatDocsaCreditCardBringUs?[AJ"Chargeit!"Itthosetwowordssoundfamiliar,

itisnowonder.Over75millionAmericansusecreditcardslopayfbreverythingfrom

ticketsonAmericanAirlinestoAAAcarrentalAndthenumberofcardholdersincreases

everymonth.Infact,mostAmericansreceiveatleasttwoorthreecreditcardapplications

inthemaileverymonth.TheFirstCreditCard[B]Atthebeginningofthetwentieth

century,peoplehadtopaycashforalmostallproductsandservices.Althoughtheearly

partofthecenturysawanincreaseinindividualstorecreditaccounts,acreditcardthat

couldbeusedatmorethanonemerchantwasnotinventeduntil1950.Itallstartedwhen

FrankX.McNamaraandtwoofhisfriendswentouttosupper.TheSignificantDinner

|C|Duringthedinner,theydiscussedaproblemofoneofMcNamara'scustomerswho

hadborrowedsomemoneybutwasunabletopayitback.Thisparticularcustomerhad

gottenintotrouble,whenhehadlentanumberofhischargecards(availablefrom

individualdepartmentstoresandgasstations)tohispoorneighborswhoneededitemsin

anemergency.Forthisservice,themanrequiredhisneighborstopayhimbackthecost

oftheoriginalpurchaseplussomeextramoney.Unfortunatelyfortheman,manyofhis

neighborswereunabletopayhimbackwithinashortperiodoftimeandhewasthen

forcedtoborrowmoneyfromtheHamiltonCreditCorporation.[D|Attheendofthe

mealwithhistwofriends,McNamarareachedintohispocketfbrhiswalletsothathe

couldpayforthemeal(incash).Hewasshockedtodiscoverthathehadforgottenhis

wallet.Tohisembarrassment,hethenhadtocallhiswifeandhaveherbringhimsome

money.McNamaravowednevertoletthishappenagain.[E]Mergingthetwoconcepts

fromthatdinner,thelendingofcreditcardsandnothavingcashonhandtopayforthe

meal,McNamaracameupwithanewidea——acreditcardthatcouldbeusedatmulti-plc

locations.Whatwasparticularlynewaboutthisconceptwasthattherewouldbea

middlemanbe-tweencompaniesandtheircustomers.McNamaradiscussedtheideawith

histwofriendsandthethreepooledsomemoneyandstartedanewcompanyin1950

whichtheycalledtheDinersClub,anditwasgoingtobeamiddleman.[F]Thefirst

DinersClubcreditcardsweregivenoutin1950to200people(mostwerefriendsand

acquaintancesofMcNamara)andacceptedby14restaurantsinNewYork.Thecards

werenotmadeofplastic;instead,thefirstDinersClubcreditcardsweremadeofapaper

stockwiththeacceptinglo-cationsprintedontheback.ThePopularityofCreditCards

(1)AmongMerchants[G]Foramerchant,theanswerisobvious.Bydepositingcharge

slipsinabankorotherfinancialinstitutions,themerchantcanconvertcreditcardsales

intocash.Inreturnforprocessingthemerchant'screditcardtransactions,thebank

chargesafeethatrangesbetween1.5and5percent.Typically,small,independent

businessespaymorethanlargestoresorchainstores.Let'sassumethatyouuseaVisa

creditcardtopurchaseamicrowaveoventor$400fromRichardsonAppliance,asmall

retailerinTexas.Attheendoftheday,theretailerdepositsyourchargeslip,alongwith

otherchargeslips,checks,andcurrencycollectedduringtheday,atitsbank.Ifthebank

chargesRichardsonAppliance5percenttoprocesseachcreditcardtransaction,thebank

deductsaprocessingfeeofS20($400x0.05=$20)foryourcreditcardtransactionand

immediatelydepositstheremainder($380)inRichardsonAppliance'saccount.Actual

bankfeesarcdeterminedbythevolumeofcreditcardtransactions,totaldollaramountof

creditsales,andhowwellthemerchantcannegotiate.(2)AmongConsumers[H]Forthe

consumer,creditcardspermitthepurchaseofgoodsandservicesevenwhenthefunds

arelow.Todaymostmajorcreditcardsareissuedbybanksorotherfinancialinstitutions

incooperationwithVisaInternationalorMasterCardInternational.Theuniquefeatureof

bankcreditcardsisthattheyextendalineofcredil(信用贷款之最高限额)lothe

cardholder,muchasabank'sconsumerloandepartmentdoes.Thuscreditcardsprovide

immediateaccesstoshort-termcreditforthecardholder,whoinstructsthebanktopay

(hemerchantimmediatelyandpaybackthebanklater.Ofcourse,theabilitytoobtain

merchandiseimmediatelyandpayforitlatercanleadtocreditcardmisuse.Todaythe

averageAmericancardholderhasacreditcardbalanceinexcessof$2,000.Andwith

typicalfinancialchargesrangingfrom1percentto1.5percentamonth,youcanendup

payinglargefinancecharges.Forexample,ifyoucarrya$2,000balanceonyourcredit

cardandyourcreditcardcompanycharges1.5percentamonth,yourmonthlyfinance

chargewillbe$30($2,000x0.015=$30).Andthemonthlyfinancechargescontinue

untilyoumanagetopayoffyourcreditcarddebt.CreditCard:FriendorEnemy?|I|A

creditcardcanbeyourfriendbecauseitcangetyouthroughunexpectedemergencies.

Andifthereisaproblemwiththeproductsorserviceyoupurchasewithyourcreditcard,

youhaveanopportunitytowithholdpaymentbyaskingthecreditcardcompanyto

"chargeback"totheretaileruntilthedisputeissettled.Monthlycreditcardstatements

canalsohelpyoukeepyourrecordsinorder.Finally,ifyoumakepaymentsontime.the

cardhelpsyoutoestablishagoodcredithistory.|J]Acreditcardcanbeyourenemy

becauseitisaninvitationtopurchaseitemsyoureallydonotneed.Thecreditcard

companies*continuousoffersoflowminimumpayments,cashadvances,andeven

monthswithoutpaymentsmayseemlikeawaytoskatethroughamoneycrunch.In

reality,yourfinancechargesandfeesonlyincrease,andyougodeeperintodebt.

II、Byprocessingthemerchant'screditcardtransactions,thebankcanchargesome

feesasrewards.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：本句不缺任何必须成分，故可优先考虑副词作状语。本句中的during

oneofhertherapysessions表明该副词其后的时间状语应为一次性的，在词库的两

个副词中，constantly是一个表示持续性的副词，故可排除，答案为shortly。

12、WhenMcNamaracalledhiswifetobringsomemoneytopaythesuppenhefelt

embarrassed.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处需要名词作句子的主语核心词，本句是为了进一步说明上一句提

到的磁带揭示了什么秘密，词库中的revelalion和secrel在语义上都与此有关。根

据本句的谓语部分可知该秘密己经揭开，而secret一词含有“不为人知、尚未揭晓”

的意思，不妥当，因此答案为revelation。

13、Thecreditcardcompanycanbeaskedto"chargeback"totheretailerifadisputeis

notsettled.

标准答案：M

知识点解析：此处需要形容词、名词或动词的分词作表语。根据and这个表示并列

关系的信号词可判断空白处需要一个表示消极意义的词，故答案为depressed。

14>Likeabank'sconsumerloandepartment,bankcreditcardsmakealimitofcreditto

cardholders.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空白处前的Thereisno提示，此处需要名词，可以是不可数名词，也

可是单数可数名词。根据后面since引导的从句以及前文所说是Dr.Greenson把

录音带放给Milner听的，可推断主句暗示“死无对证”，故答案为proof。

15、Acreditcardcanbeyourenemybecauseitinvitesyoutopurchaseitemsyoureally

donotneed.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空白处前的themost和空白处后的thoughts提示，此处需要形容词作

thoughts的定语。这句话是梦露对她的医生说的，结合该句中的onlyperson等可推

断secrel最适合，表明只有医生一个人知道她的秘密。

16、Comparedwithindividualstorecreditaccounts,thecreditcardsissuedin1950were

morewidelyacceptedbymerchants.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：由不定式信号词I。可推断，此处需要动词原形。第2段末句提到梦

露曾经planningtobecomeaserions,Shakespeareanactress,本句同样讲到了梦露和

莎士比亚，由此可判断本题答案为pursue（追求）。

17、DinersClub,offeringacreditcardthatcouldbeusedatmanydifferentplaces,

workedasamiddlemanbetweencompaniesandtheircustomers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处需要形容词或分词作person的定语。根据文中所述Miner的调

查和发现以及他的观点可判断他认为梦露并不是自杀的，由此可确定此处需要一个

表示积极意义的词，故答案为reasonable。

18^Asthecreditcardprovidestheconveniencetopayforthemerchandiselater,the

cardholdermayeasilysinkintocreditcardmisuse.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：空白处前的havingto提示，此处需要动词原形，且可与。ff搭配，根

据空白处后的内容可以布断该动词表明梦露和肯尼迪"结束''恋情，故break最适

合。

19、McNamara'scustoircrgotintotroublebecausehispoorneighborscouldn'tpayhim

backwithinashortperiodoftime.

标准答案：K

知识点解析•：空白处前的定冠词the提示，此处需要名词作have的宾语。根据face

upto这个信号词组以及下文Iwantsomeoneelsetotellhimit'sover.可判断此处答

案为courage,表明梦露没有勇气来面对这件事情。

20>Thelocationsof14restaurantsinNewYorkwereprintedonthebackofthefirst

DinersClubcreditcards.

标准答案：。

知识点解析：空白处前的couldn't提示，此处需要动词原形，且该词能后接宾语。

根据but一词的作用可推断该动词表明的动作与前面分句中get的意思相同。在该

句中表明没能“联系至『‘总统，故答案为reach。

三、仔细阅读（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

Realpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheysee

onTV一iftheyevergethomeintime.Therearesimilarities,ofcourse,butthecopsdon't

thinkmuchofthem.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealliferevolvesroundthe

law.Mostofhistrainingisincriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsare

crimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyas

muchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthe

darkandrain,runningdownanalleyaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.Littleofhistime

isspentinchattingtoscantily-clad（衣着暴露的）ladiesorindramaticconfrontations

withdesperatecriminals.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwords

onthou-sandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguilty-or

not-ofstupid,pettycrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminals:

assoonashe'sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchof

aproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattack—wherefailure

toproduceresultsreflectsonthestandingofthepolice—littleeffortisspenton

searching.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehis

caseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.So,aswell

asbeingoverworked,adetectivehastobeoutatallhoursofthedayandnight

interviewinghiswitnessesandpersuadingthem,usuallyagainsttheirownbestinterests,

tohelphim.

21、Thefirstsentenceimpliesthat.

A>thelifeoftherealpolicemenandthatofthepolicemenonTVareentirelydifferent

B、therealpolicemenwillfindthesimilaritiesiftheycangethomeinlime

C、therealpolicemenseldomcangethomeintimetowatchTV

D、thepolicemenshownonTVcanalwaysgethomeintime

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查对第1句的理解。if引出的条件状语从句前的

破折号表明这个假设是相对于之前的看电视来说的，而不是相对于整句话的，因

此，这个句子只是给予一些附加的信息：真实生活中的警察没有时间回家，连看电

视都赶不上。由此可见，选项C是正确的理解。选项A说法过于绝对，与原文的

hardly不符。

22、Itisessentialforapolicemantobetrainedincriminallaw.

A^sothathecancatchcriminalsinthestreets

B、becausemanyofthecriminalshehastocatcharcdangerous

C、sothathecanjustifyhisarrestsincourt

D、becausehehastoknownearlyasmuchaboutlawasaprofessionallawyer

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查内在的因果关系。从第2段的第3句可以推断

出答案，选项A毫无原文依据，原文中也并没有暗示选项B和D这两种因果关

系。

23、Theeverydaylifeofapolicemanordetectiveis.

A、excitingandglamorous

B、fullofdanger

C、devotedmostlytoroutinematters

D^wastedonunimportantmatters

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查对长句的理解。根据第3段第2句可以推断出

答案。本题最具干扰性的是选项B,按照常识，警察的工作通常都被认为很危险，

但是第3段首句由little引出的倒装句表明了他们并不是时时都与罪犯交锋，处于

危险之中，因此选项B不对。

24Whenmurdersandterroristattacksoccur,thepolice.

A、prefertowaitforthecriminaltogivehimselfaway

makegreateffortstotrytotrackdowntheirman

C^trytomakeaquickarrestinordertokeepuptheirreputation

D、usuallyfailtoproduceresults

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查对复合句的理解。答题关键在于正确理解第4

段最后一句，except引出的句子暗示警方只有在遇到特别严重的犯罪时才会尽力破

案，选项B是对这个意思的归纳。本题最具干扰性的是选项D,文章虽有failureto

produceresulls出现，但只是为了说明警方没破案会影响其声誉。选项D涉及的是

其结果，文章并未提及破案的结果。

25、What'sthebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A、PolicemenandDetectives

Detectives,Life-FactandFantasy

C、TheRealityofBeingaDetective

D、DramaandReality

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨大意题。由全文第1段可知本文是一篇对比的文章，第2段首句

的Thefirstdifference更确定了本文的主题，表明全文将会对比真实的警察生活与

电视上的刑事剧，因此只有选项B能概括文中对比的双方。

Inamomentofpersonalcrisis,howmuchhelpcanyouexpectfromaNewYorktaxi

driver?Ibeganstudyingthisquestionandfoundtheanswersinteresting.OnemorningI

gotintothreedifferenttaxisandannounced,"Well,it'smyfirstdaybackinNewYorkin

sevenyears.I'vebeeninprison."Notasingledriverreplied,soItriedagain."Yeah,I

shotamaninReno."Iexplained,hopingthedriverwouldaskmewhy,butnobody

asked.TheonlyresponsecamefromaGhanaiandriver,"Reno?ThatisinNevada?"Taxi

driverswereuniformlysympatheticwhenIsaidFdjustbeenfired.*'ThisisAmerica,"a

Haitiandriversaid."Onedoorisclosed.Anotherisopen.'*Hearguedagainstmyplanto

burndownmyboss'shouse.APakistanidrivereventurneddownachancetoprofitfrom

mylossofhope;herefusedtotakemetothemiddleoftheGeorgeWashingtonBridge一

a$20trip."Whyyouwanttogothere?Gohomeandrelax.Don'tworry.Takeanew

job."OneveryhotweekdayinJuly,whilewearingaredskimaskandholdingastuffed

pillowcasewiththeword"BANK"onit,Itriedcallingataxifivetimesoutsidedifferent

banks.Thedriverpickedmeupeverytime.MyridewithaHaitiandriverwastypicalof

thesuperbassistanceIreceived."Let'sgoacrossthepark."Isaid."Ijustrobbedthebank

there.Igot$25,000.""$25,000?"heasked."Yeah,youthinkitwaswrongtotakeit?"

"No,man.Iwork8hoursandIdon'tmakealmost$70.IfIcandothat,Idoittoo.1'As

wcapproached86thandLexington,IpointedtotheChemicalBank."Hey,there's

anotherbank,"1said,"CouldyouwaithereaminutewhileIgoinside?""No,1can'twait.

Paymenow."Hisreluctancemayhavehadsomethingtodowithmoney—taxidrivers

thinktherateforwaitingtimeistoolow—butIthinkhewantedmetolearnthatevena

bankrobbercan'texpectunconditionalsupport.

26>FromtheGhanaiandriver'sresponse,wccaninferthat

A、hewasindifferentioihekilling

B、hewasafraidoftheauthor

C、helookeddownupontheauthor

D、hethoughttheauthorwascrazy

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。从第2段最后一句的onlyresponse可以看出这个司机只

问了一个与杀人无多大关系的问题，由此可见。司机对此事毫不关心，态度冷漠。

27>WhydidthePakistanidriverrefusetotaketheauthortothemiddleoftheGeorge

WashingtonBridge?

A、Becausehewasabletohelptheauthortofindanewjob.

B、Becausehewantedtogohomeandrelax.

C、Becauseitwasfarawayfromhishome.

D、Becausehethoughtthattheauthorwouldcommitsuicide.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题的关键在于必须知道在美国，高耸的大桥通常是人

们自杀的场所，有了这个背景知识，就能从第3段最后两句推断出司机以为作者要

到华盛顿桥去自杀。

28、WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutNewYorktaxidrivers?

A、Theyarereadytohelpyoudowhateveryouwantto.

Theyrefusetopickupthosewhowouldkillthemselves.

C、Theyaresympatheticwiththosewhoareoutofwork.

D、Theyworknnlyfnrmoney.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。答案可从第3段第1句话中找到，选项C是该句的同

义替换。选项A中的dowhaleveryouwarnto过于绝对。选项B不符合逻辑，因为

司机不可能先问乘客是否要自杀才决定要不要载这个乘客。巴基斯坦司机的例子表

明司机不都是只为了钱，因此选项D不正确。

29、Whatistheauthor'sinterpretationofthedriver'sreluctance"towaitoutsidethe

ChemicalBank"?

A^Thedriverthoughtthattherateforwaitingtimewastoolow.

B、Thedriverthoughtitwrongtosupportataxiriderunconditionally.

C>Thedriverwasfrightenedandwantedtoleavehimassoonaspossible.

D、Thedriverdidnotwanttohelpasuspecttoescapefromabankrobbery.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。本题考查对复杂句的理解。答案可以在文章的最后一句

话中找到，破折号后面but引出的转折句才是作者对司机不愿等人的解释。选项A

是一般出租车司机的想法，选项C和D都无原文依据。

30、Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A、howtopleasetaxiriders

B、howtodealwithtaxiriders

C、theattitudesoftaxidriverstowardsridersinpersonaltrouble

D、theattitudesoftaxidriverstowardstroublesometaxiriders

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。文章开篇第1句话就是整篇文章的主题句，接下来的各

段内容都是围绕此主题展开的。本题最具干扰性的是选项D,事实上，该选项中的

troublesome意为“烦人的”，而不是“陷入麻烦的”，因此不能用该词形容文中的乘

客，这样就可以排除选项D了。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第2套

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

WhenfamiliesgatherforChristmasdinner,somewillsticktoformaltraditionsdating

backtoGrandma'sgeneration.Theirtableswillbesetwiththegooddishesandsilver,

andthedresscodewillbeSunday-best.Butinmanyotherhomes,thischina-and-silver

elegancehasgivenwaytoastoneware（粗陶）-and-stainlessinformality,withdresses

assuminganequallycasual-Fridaylook.Forhostsandguests,thechangemeansgreater

simplicityandcomfort.FormakersoffinechinainBritain,itspellseconomichardtimes.

LastweekRoyalDoulton,thelargestemployerinStokc-on-Trcnt,announcedthatitis

eliminating1,000jobs——one-fifthofitstotalworkforce.Thatbringstomorethan4,000

thenumberofpositionslostin18monthsinthepottery（陶究）region.Wedgwoodand

otherpotteryfactoriesmadecutsearlier.Althoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsin

Asiaplayaroleinthedownsizing,thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshaking

socialshifts.AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany"hasbeen

somewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend"towardcasualdining.Familieseattogether

lessoften,heexplained,andmorepeopleeatalone,eitherbecausetheyaresingleorthey

eatinfrontoftelevision.Evendinnerparties,iftheyhappenatall,havegonecasual.Ina

timeoflongworkhoursanddemandingfamilyschedu.es,busyhostsinsist,rightly,that

it'sbettertoshareatakeoutpizzaonpaperplatesinthefamilyroomthantowaitforthe

perfectmomentora"real"dinnerparty.Toooften,theperfectmomentnevercomes.Iron

afine-patternedtablecloth?ForgetitPolishthesilver?Whohastime?Yetthelossof

formalityhasitsdownside.Thefinepointsofetiquette（礼节）thalchildrenmightonce

havelearnedatthetablebyobservationorinstructionfromparentsandgrandparents

（"Chewwithyourmouthclosed.""Keepyourelbowsoffthetable.*'）mustbepickedup

elsewhere.Somecompaniesnowofferetiquetteseminarsforemployeeswhomaybe

competentprofessionallybutcluelesssocially.

1、Thetrendtowardcasualdininghasresultedin.

A、bankruptcyoftinechinamanufacturers

B、shrinkingofthepotteryindustry

C、restructuringoflargeenterprises

D、economicrecessioninGreatBritain

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。首先依据题目中的casualdining找到第2段中的

informalityo其后有两个for引导的介词短语，后一个说“对于英国精致瓷器的制造

商来说，这(informality)意味着经济困难时期”；此外，第3段用数据具体指出陶瓷

业裁员之严重，说明陶瓷业在萎缩，即B。A、D均属夸大事实，C与文章内容无

关。

2、Whichofthefollowingmaybethebestreasonforcasualdining?

A、Familymembersneedmoretimetorelax.

Busyschedulesleavepeoplenotimeforformality.

C、Peoplewanttopracticeeconomyintimesofscarcity.

D、Youngpeoplewon'tfollowtheetiquetteoftheoldergeneration.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据倒数第2段第2句中指出现今休闲文化流行的背

景：工作时间长，家庭生活节奏紧张，B中的Busyschedules与文中的demanding

familyschedules对应，故为答案。

3、ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatRoyalDoultonis.

A、aretailerofstainlesssteeltableware

B、adealerinstoneware

C、apotterychainstore

D、aproduceroffinechina

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。RoyalDoulton在文章中出现过两次：第3段说它裁

员,因为人们用餐越来越随意(不再讲究餐具的精致)；第4段中“Aspokesmanfor

RoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany…”，暗示公司的性质,可以推断它是精制

器皿的生产者。

4、Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis.

A、theincreasedvalueofthepound

B、theeconomicrecessioninAsia

C、thechangeinpeople'swayoflife

D、thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad

标准答案：c

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题目中的ihelayoffs找到文章第4段首句，其中的

havetheirrootsin相当于题目中的maincauseis,shifts相当于C中的change。其实

本题与第1题是交叉相关的，从第1题的题目可找到本题的答案。

5、Refinedtablemanners,thoughlesspopularthanbeforeincurrentsociallife,.

A、arestillamustoncertainoccasions

B、areboundtoreturnsoonerorlater

C^arestillbeingtaughtbyparentsathome

D、canhelpimprovepersonalrelationships

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据最后一段，特别是第2句“Thefinepointsof

etiquette...mustbepickedupelse-whcre良好的餐桌礼仪必须在其他地方被重拾起

来“，可知礼仪在某些场合还是必要的，故答案为A。

Inbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnew

skill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingand

writing.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthis

cansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild.Thismight

happenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmight

beencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.On

theotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearning

opportunities,heloseshisnaturalenthusiasmforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthings

forhimself.Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren.Some

maybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters.Othersaresevereovertimesofcominghome

atnightorpunctualityformeals.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsof

theparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild'sownhappiness.As

regardsthedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,consistencyisvery

importantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisno

foundationformorality.Also,parentsshouldrealizethat"exampleisbetterthan

precept".Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpractisewhattheypreach（说教）,their

childrenmaygrowconfusedandemotionallyinsecurewhentheygrowoldenoughto

thinkforthemselves,andrealizetheyhavebeentosomeextentfooled.Asudden

awarenessofamarkeddifferencebetweentheirparents'principlesandtheirmoralscan

beadangerousdisappointment.

6、Eagerlywatchingthechild'sacquisitionofnewskills.

A、canbeavoided

B>isuniversalamongparents

C^setsupdangerousstalesofworryinthechild

D、willmakehimloseinterestinlearningnewthings

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。第1段第1句中的everyparent,often等词表明这种做

法在父母中是非常普遍的，显然B与之相符。A或法无原文依据，且由原文可看

出题干所述现象是很难避免的；C中dangerous一词在原文中本是修饰其他情绪，

故C不符；D是过多地让孩子自己一个独处的后果，不是题干所述行为的后果。

7、Intheprocessofchildren'slearningnewskillsparents.

A、shouldencouragethemtoreadbeforetheyknowthemeaningofthewordstheyread

B、shouldnotexpecttoomuchofthem

C、shouldachieveabalancebetweenpushingthemtoohardandleavingthemontheir

own

D、shouldcreateasmanylearningopportunitiesaspossible

标准答案：C:

知识点解析：推理判断题。第1段第2句说明父母逼得太过分，应避免。最后一句

则说明对小孩太放任自流同样不利。由这两点，我们可以做出如下判断：父母对孩

子的“严，，和“松，，之间有一个恰当的“度:C与之相符。

8、Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

A、parentsshouldbestrictwiththeirchildren

B、parentalcontrolsreflectonlytheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthe

community

C、parentalrestrictionsvary,andarenotalwaysenforcedforthebenefitofthechildren

alone

D、parentsvaryintheirstrictnesstowardstheir