大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷81（共180题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷81（共9套）

（共180题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第1套

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Thenewspapermustprovidefuillicicadcithefacts,pure,objeulivefaulb.Buiinthese

daysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupplyinterpretation,themeaningof

（hefacts.ThisisthemostimportantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism—to

makecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternationalnewsas

understandableascommunitynews,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthingas

"local"news,becauseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninmanpower

floating,ineconomicpressure,interms,indeed,ofourverywayoflife.Thereisin

journalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouembarkoninterpretation,youareentering

dangerouswaters,theswirlingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.Theopponentsof

interpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshallconfinehimselftothe"facts'*.This

insistenceraisestwoquestions:Whatarethefacts?Andarethebarefactsenough?Asto

thefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called'Tactual"storycomesabout.Thereporter

collects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspacebeingnecessarilyrestricted,he

selectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Then

heorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiccc.（This

isimportantbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.）Thisis

JudgmentsNumberTwo.Theniheeditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbe

presentedonpageone,whereithaslargerimpact,oronpagetwenty-four,whereithas

little.JudgmentNumberThree.Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called"factual"or

"objective"story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatall

unlikethoseinvolvedinterpretation,inwhichreporterandeditor,callingupontheir

researchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism,"arriveata

conclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationof

thenewsanditsinterpretation,arebothobjectiveratherthansubjectiveprocesses一as

objective,thatis,asanyhumanbeingcanbe.（Eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycan

neverbeachieved,neverthelesstheidealmustalwaysbeultimategoal.）Ifaneditoris

intentonslantingthenews,hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanby

interpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatpropuphisparticularplea.

Orhecandoitbytheplayhegivesastory-promotingittopageoneordraggingitto

pagethirty.

1、Whydoestheauthorsaytheinterpretationisthemostimportantassignment

confrontingAmericanjournalism?

A、Becausetheinterpretationtellsthereaderthattheyarereadinginternationalnews.

B、Becausewiththehelpoftheinterpretation,readerscanhavebetterunderstandingof

thenews.

C、Becausegoodinterpretationscanarousemorereactionfromthereaders.

D、Becausewithoutinterpretation,localnewswon'texistanymore.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。作者在第一段第三句指出Thisisthemostimportant

assignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism-tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsof

theday,即这是现在美国新闻工作者面对的最重要的任务--让读者清楚地知道现

在的问题。故选B。

2、Thereasonwhysomepeopleopposetheinterpretationofnewsisthat.

A、theybelievetheinterpretationwillbetoosubjective

B、theyarcafraidthattheinterpretationwillbringdanger

C、theyareconfinedtothefactsandcan'tseeanythingelse

D^theysaytheinterpretationistotalnonsense

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。文章第三段指出Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthat

thewriterandtheeditorshallconfinehimselftotheufacts,\即反对新闻解读的人认为

新闻作者和编辑应该只农道事实。由此可推断，反对者认为新闻解读有很多主观

性，从而影响新闻的客观性。故答案为A。

3、Basically,whydocsthereporterdiscardsomeofthefacts?

A、Becausehewantstomakethereportssimple.

B、Becausethosefactsarenotworthwriting.

C^Becausethespaceinthenewspaperislimited.

D、Becausehiseditoraskshimtodoso.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:细节题。艰据短文第四段中outofthesefifty,hisspacebeing

nccessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.可知.由

于空间有限记者需要选出他认为是最重要的，故正确答案为Co

4、Whatcanwelearnabouttheleadofthepiece?

A、It'stheonlypartmanyreadersreadinthepiece.

B、Itshouldmentionallthefactscoveredinthepiece.

C>Itiswrittenbytheeditorratherthanthereporter.

D^Itwilllurethereadersintofurtherreading.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:推断题。短文第四段指出…decideswhichofthesetenfactsshall

constitutetheleadofthepiece.(Thisisimportantbecausemanyreadersdonotproceed

beyondthefirstparagraph.)即决定哪一条可以作为整个报道的开头。(这很重要，因

为很多读者只会读第一段)。故选A。

5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheinterpretationofnewsis.

A、Hethinkstheinterpretationofnewsisabsolutelynonsense

B、Hebelievestheinterpretationisasobjectiveasthehumanbeingscanbe

C、Hedoubtswhetherthereportersarccapableofmakingitobjective

D、Heholdstheopinionthattotallyobjectiveinterpretationcannotbeachieved

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：态度题。作者在最后一段明确指出自己的观点：Thetwoareasof

judgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,arebothobjectiveratherthan

subjectiveprocesses—asobjective,thatis,asanyhumanbeingcanbe.由此可知，作

者认为新闻的解读是客观的。故选儿

TheincreasingAmericanizationofJapaneselifeisevidentinmanyways.Onesuchway

isthegrowingpopularityofcreditcards.Traditionally,inJapan,cashwasthepreferred

formofpaymentinalldailypurchases.Buyingthingsoncreditwasseenassomethingto

beavoidedatallcosts.Thiswasespeciallytrueamongtheoldergenerationwhowerenot

accustomedtothebuy-now-pay-laterethic.Ontheotherhand,Americansarewellused

tothisformofpayingforgoodsandservices.Creditcards,alongwithchecks,are

relativelysafeandeasytouse.Theyarealsonowconsideredasacommonformof

identification,theotherformofIDbeingadriver'slicense.Infact,whenrentingacarin

America,acreditcardisrequiredasanIDand,inaddition,isthepreferredformof

payment.Manycompanieswillnotevenacceptcashoncarrentals.Creditcardsoffer

Japaneseconsumersanumberofconveniences.Customerscangetdiscountsoncertain

items.Theirnamesmaybeenteredinlotterieswheretheycanwincashprizes.Perhaps

mostimportantly,though,easycreditisofferedtoborrowers.Thoseneedingaloan,

especiallyiftheyareyoung,canborrowmoneyeasily.Theseadvantageshavemade

creditcardsincreasinglypopularandsomeofthetraditionalbiasagainstthemisbeing

dispelled,especiallyamongyoungpeople,whooftenhaveanumberofdifferentcards.

However,therearedefinitedisadvantagestousingcreditcards.Theavailabilityofeasy

creditmaybeonething,butthehighinterestrateschargedbycardcompaniesisquite

another.In2000,therewereabout230millioncreditcardsinuseinJapan;therewere

alsoabout140,000bankruptcies.Manypeoplewereunabletocontroltheircreditcard

spending,andasaresult,theywentintodebt.Youngpeopleareespeciallyvulnerableto

thetemptationsofhavingacreditcard.Theyoftencannotresistspendingmoneyon

expensivebraiid-iianicclollius,high-lculiaudiuandvideocquipmciil,andluxurioustrips

abroad.It'seasierinstores,restaurants,gasstations—almostanywhere—topaywitha

simplepieceofplasticratherthancarryingcash.Wethusloseallsenseofthevalueof

moneyandeasilyfallintodebt.Oncethishappensitmaycostusmorethanmoney.

Excessivedebtduetouncontrolledspendinghasledtothebreakupoffamilies,divorce,

andinsomecasesevensuicide.

6、InJapan,buyingthingsoncreditwasseenassomethingtobeavoidedby.

A^thosewhowereindebtorbankrupt

B、peoplewhowishedtosaveforretirement

C、youngpeoplewhoarevulnerabletothetemptationsofhavingacreditcard

D、theoldergenerationwhowerenotaccustomedtothebuy-now-pay-laterethic

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。短文第一段第四、五句指出Buyinglhingson

credit...avoided...trueamongtheoldergenerationwhowerenotaccustomedtothe

buy-now-pay-laterethic.即在日本，人们避免用信用卡消费，特别是那些对先买

后付款消费理念还不适应的老年人。由此可知，答案为D。

7、Thebadpartabouthavingacreditcardisthat.

A^therearenodiscounts

B、theinterestratesarehigherifthecardisnew

C、thosewhousecreditcardsareoftenregardedaspoor

D^uncontrolledspendingoftenleadstodebtandbankruptcy

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。短文第三段讲使用信用卡消费的坏处。根据Manypeople

wereunabletocontroltheircreditcardspending,andasaresult»theywentinto

debt.即很多人不能控制自己用信用卡消费，导致最后负债累累。故选D。

8、Themostimportantservicecreditcardcompaniesofferis.

easycredittoborrowers

B、discountsoncertainitems

C^lotteriesandcashprizes

D^caseinobtainingadditionalcards

标准答案：A

知识点解析:细节题。短文第二段指出Perhapsmostimportantly,though,easy

creditisoffcrcdtoborrowers.即最重要的是.宿用卡持有者很容易获得贷款。故选

Ao

9、Whydoyoungpeoplewanttohaveacreditcard?

A、Becausetheirparentswantthemtohaveone.

B、Becausetheyoftencannotresistspendingonmanykindsofthings.

C、Becausetheyhavenocash.

D^Becausetheyhaveexcessivedebt.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。短文最后一段开头指出Youngpeopleareespecially

vulnerabletothctemptationsofhavingacreditcard.Theyoftencannotresistspending

moneyon...clothes,high-techaudio…Irips…由此可知，答案为B。

10、Onewaytoavoiddebtandbankruptcyisto.

A、haveafewdifferentkindsofcreditcards

B、wincashprizesonlotteries

C>kicktheuncontrolledspendinghabits

D、useallthespecialbenefitsofferedbythecard

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推断题。短文最后一段主要讲述不受控制的消费行为会使人负债、破

产。由此可知为了防止破产，人们必须改掉这种不受控制的消费习惯。故答案为

Co

Papermoneyisusedeverydaybutpeopledonotoftenthinkofmoneyasjustpaper.This

isbecausepeopleagreethatithasvalue,andpapermoneyissupportedbythe

government.Peoplehaveusedpapermoneyforonlyafewhundredyears,butwhatdid

peopledobeforeprintedmoneywasinvented?InMedievalEngland,astickwasthe

officialrepresentationofmoney.Thecommonsystemthatwasusedinvolvedcounting

debtonapieceofwoodcalleda"tallystick**.Thetallystickwasmarkedwithaknife.

Eachmark,ortally,indicatedanamountofmoney.Thetallystickactedasacontract.No

onereallyknowswhoinventedthetallystick,butKingHenryIofEnglandiscreditedas

thefirsttousethestickinawidespreadfashion.InEngland,thetallystickwasusedfrom

1100to1826.Marksweremadeonatallysticktorepresenttheamountofserviceor

goodsthatwereexchanged.Thetallystickwascutinhalflengthwiseintotwoparts,and

onestickwaslongerthantheother.Thepersongivingservicesorgoodsreceivedthe

longerendofthestick,calledthe"slock”,andthepersonpayingfortheserviceorgoods

receivedtheshorterend.Oncethestickwascut,itcouldnotbealtered.Whenput

together,thetwohalvesfitperfectlytogether.MedievalEnglandwasnottheonly

countrytousethetallysticksystem.In1960,BelgianscientistJeandeHeinzelinde

BraucourtdiscoveredanextremelyoldtallystickmadeofbaboonboneinAfrica.At

first,hedeterminedthesticktobebetweenabout8,000to10,000yearsold.This

surprisedmanypeoplebecauseitprovedthatthetallysticksystemhadbeeninusefor

muchlongerthaneveryonehadpreviouslythought.Furtherresearchhasshownthatthis

stickisactuallymucholder:now,scientistsbelieveitis20,000yearsold.Thetallystick

systemmaynolongerbeinusetoday,butitsinfluenceisstillapparent.Peoplestillmake

contractsandpeoplestillborrowandlendmoney.Peoplestilltrustthat"things"一

whethertheyaresticks,paper,orcoins-havevalue.Thenexttimepapermoneyisused,

justremember:itisonlypaper!

11、Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesmoneyvaluable?

A、Peoplewhouseit.

B>Goldthatpeoplefind.

C、Inventions.

D、Agreement.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。短文第一段第二句指出Thisisbecausepeopleagreethatil

hasvalue…即经过人们一致认同，认为Papennoney有价值。故选D。

12、Whowasresponsibleformakingthetallysticksystemsopopular?

A、HenryI.

Noonereallyknows.

C、Moneyborrowers.

D、JeandeHeinzelindeBraucourl.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:细节题。另据短文第三段第一句...KingHenryIofEnglandiscredited

asthefirsttousethestickinawidespreadfashion可知答案为A0

13、InEngland,thetallystickwasusefulfor.

A、decidingdebtandcredit

B、cuttinggoodsinhalf

C^discoveringtheoriginsofAfricantallysticks

D、designingtallysticksmadeofbaboonbone

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。短文第三段主要讲述tallystick在英国的具体使用情况，根

据Marksweremadeonatallysticktorepresenttheamountofserviceorgoodsthat

wereexchanged可判断出选项A正确。

14、WhyweremanypeoplesurprisedaboutthetallystickinAfr沁a?

A、Thematerialitwasmadefromhadneverbeenseenbefore.

B、Itwasmucholderthanpreviouslythought.

C>Itwascutsidewaysinsteadoflengthwise.

D、MoneydidnotexistinAfricathen.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。短文第四段第四句指出Thissurprisedmanypeoplebecause

itprovedthatthetallysticksystemhadbeeninuseformuchlongerthaneveryone

hadpreviouslythought.即人们很惊讶.因为tallystick系统的使用时间比人们预想

的要长得多。故选B。

15、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A、EnglishtallystickshavemoremarksthanAfricanones.

Tallysticksareapracticaltoolinusetoday.

CsThecurrentrepresentationofmoneyisintheformofpaper.

D、Manymodelsformoneyhavebeencutshort.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。短文第一段就指出Papermoneyisusedeveryday,即现在的

流通货币是纸币o故选预C正确。根据Thetallysticksystemmaynolongerbeinuse

today可知选项B错误；选项A、D在文中没有提及，可排除，故选C。

AbbySubarkisamotheroftwokidsfromBoston."Formykids,I'mnervous.Idon't

knowifthey'llbeabletoachievetheirAmericandream."Shemayberight.Morethan

hardworkoreducation,thebestwaytogetrichinAmericaistobebornrich.Itisthe

casethatsomebodywhoisintheupperthirdofincome,withpoorscores,atthebottom

ontestswhentheyareineighthgrade,ismorelikelytogotocollegeandfinishcollege

thanapoorkidwiththetopscores.That'swhattheworkingperson'schildrenarcup

against.TheEconomicPolicyInstitutefindsitwouldtakeapoorcouplewith2children9

or10generationstoachievemiddleclassstatus.That'sabout200years.Thetypical

featureofAmericanopportunityhasalwaysbeentheabilitytodobetterthanyour

parents.Butcomparedwithsimilardevelopedcountries,theUnitedStatesranksfifthout

ofsixforso-calledintcrgencrationalmobility（变动）.Ifyoulookatthemechanisms（机

制）forupwardmobilitythatweresoreadilyavailable50yearsago,theyarebecoming

outofreach,likeplentifulfactoryjobswithgoodwagesandaffordableeducationand

healthcare.Whitefamiliesaretwiceaslikelyasblackstobeupwardlymobile.Formost

peopleinAmericatoday,whereyouendupdependsonwhereyoustart.Ifyoustartedin

themiddle-incomeclass,about40to45percentofwhatyouaremakingrightnowisdue

tothefactthatyourparentswereinthemiddle-incomeclass.Therestisuptoyou.But

forthemillionsofpeoplewhofindthemselvesbelowthepovertylineandthemillions

morewhoaretheworkingpoor,theirstartingpointfortheAmericandreamleavesthem

painfullyfarawayfromthemiddleclass.

16^WhyisAbbySubarknervous?

A、Herkidsdon'twanttocatchupwithotherkidsinachievements.

B、Herkidsdon'twanttoachievesuccessatall.

C、Herkidscanonlyachievesuccessthroughhardworkandeducation.

D、Herfamilyisnotrichenoughtohelpherkidsachievetheirgoals.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。短文第一段指出AbbySubark很焦虑，因为她不知道自己的

孩子是否会实现美国梦。紧着短文又指出Shemayberighl.Morethanhardwork

oreducation,thebestwaytogetrichinAmericaistobebornrich.即相比起勤奋工作

和受教育程度，在美国成为有钱人做好的办法是生在富裕家庭里。由此可知，

AbbySubark家不富裕，不能帮助孩子实现美国梦。故选D。

17、WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A>Peopleusedtohavemoreopportunitiesforupwardmobility.

B、AgreatmanypoorpeoplecanhardlyrealizetheirAmericandream.

C>YoucanmakeallyourdreamscometrueinAmericaifbornrich.

D、Richkidsarcmorelikelytogotocollegethanpoorkids.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据文章大意，出身富裕的孩子比出身贫穷的孩子更易实现

美国梦。可知C项描述过于绝对，与本文主旨相矛盾，故选C。

18、Thesentence"whereyouendupdependsonwhereyoustartM（Line2,Para.5）most

probablymeans.

A、yourstartingpointcannotdetermineyourdestination

B、onlyahighgoalcanensuresuccess

C、yourbirthhasnothingtodowithyourfate

D、yourfamilylayssolidfoundationforyourfutureachievement

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。联系上下文，可知此句话意思是，一个人的出身基本决定了

他将来的发展。故选D。

19、Whatcanweinferfromthelastpassage?

A、Povertycausespeoplemuchpain.

B、Peoplebelowthepovertylinecanneverbeinthemiddleclass.

C、Lowerstartingpointmakesithardforpeopletorealizetheirdream.

D、Poorpeople'sstartingpointistoolow.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：推断题。艰据短文最后一段中whofindthemselvesbelowthepoverty

lineand...workingpoor,theirstartingpointfortheAmericandreamleavesthem

painfullyfarawayfrom…即那些出身不好的人。他们实现美国梦的起跑点远远地落

在了中层阶级人的后面。故答案选C。

20Thewriterofthepassageistryingtotellusthat.

A^howthemiddleclasscameaboutintheU.S.

B、it'shardforpoorAmericanstorealizetheirAmericandream

C、wealthandsocialstatushavelittletodowithfamilybackground

D、upwardmobilityinAmericaisnevereasy

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。通读全文可知，作者主要讲述了美国的一个现实，即如果你

出身贫穷，那么你要付出比那些出身富裕的人多得多的努力去实现自己的梦想。故

选B。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第2套

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Globalwarmingmayornotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but

regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't—wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritand

mayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.But

themoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecominitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretnhe

observed.AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth",asifmerelyrecognizing

itcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughto

relieveglobalwarming,and——withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs——wecan'tdo

muchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld'spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4

billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthe

same,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higher

in2050.Butthat'stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneed

economicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreeze

everyoneclsc'slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouse

emissionsmorethandoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionson

economicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)

thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're"doing

something".ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(《京都议定书》).Itallowedcountriesthat

joinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn'treducedCQzemissions(upabout25%

since1990),andmanysignatories(签署国)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohit

their2008-2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotential

disaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchand

developmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossilfuelsor

dealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoral

problemwhenit'sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedont

solvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.

1、Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?

A、Itmaynotbeanenvironmentalcrisisatall.

B、Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.

C、Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.

D、Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，全球变暖可能是，也可能不是21tt纪

大的环境危机，但是无论结果如何，我们对此做得都不多。因此，正确答案为D。

2^Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisAlGore'sviewonglobalwarming?

A、Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansarcunawareof.

B、Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.

C、Itisaproblemthatesnbesolvedonceitisrecognized.

D、Itisanareawcactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。由定位句可知，阿尔・戈尔称全球变暖是一个“难以忽视

的真相”，好像仅仅认识到这一点，我们就能找到解决问题的途径一样。选项C与

此意相符，故为答案。

What'sthereasonthatgreenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050?

A、Economicgrowth.

B、Wastefuluseofenergy.

C^Thewideninggapbetweentherichandthepoor.

D、Therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，除非我们强迫世上的穷人维持贫困现

状，限制其他人生活水平的提高，否则我们就需要经济增长。按照一个小幅的增长

来计算，能源消耗和温室气体排放量到2050年将是现在的两倍多。由此可知经济

增长是原因，故正确答案为A。

4、Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,.

A、politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation

B、fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse

C>reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming

D、internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细口辨认题。由定位句可知，《京都议定书》允许缔约国处罚非缔约

国，但是它并没有使二氧化碳的排放量减少（自1990年起增长了约25%）,而且

许多签署国也没有采取强有力的措施来实现其2008年至2012年的目标，故正确答

案为Bo

5、Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?

A、Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.

B、Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.

C、Thedebateoverglobalwanningwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.

D、Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨大意题。作者首先提出问题：面对全球变暖，我们将无能为力；

接着谈到认识到这一问题并不代表能找到解决方案：然后提出论点：没有重大的技

术突破，我们仍将无能为力。作者最后重申论点：theonlysolutionisnew

technologyoB是对作者观点的高度概括，故为答案。

Telecommutersfallintotwocamps.Somesitonthesofawatchingdaytimesoaps,

pausingoccasionallytochecktheircellphones.Most,however,dorealwork,

undistractedbymeetingsandtalkativecolleagues.Inthefuturemorepeoplewillwork

fromhome.WithofficespaceinLondonandNewYorksocostly,manyfirmssave

moneybyencouragingstafftoworkintheirpyjamas.Insteadofhavingtoburytheir

nosesinstrangers*armpitsoncrowdedtrains,theycanworkviae-mail,Skypeandvirtual

privatenetworks.Yet,inresearchpublishedinMITSloanManagementReview,Daniel

CableoftheLondonBusinessSchoolshowsthattelecommutersarelesslikelytobe

promoted.Inoneexperiment,subjectswereaskedtojudgescenarios（场景）inwhichthe

onlydifferencewaswhethertheemployeewasathisofficedeskorfromhome.

Managersratedthoseattheofficetobemoredependableandindustrious,regardlessof

thequalityoftheirwork.Visibilitycreatestheillusionofvalue.Beingthelasttoleave

theofficeimpressesbosses,evenifyouareactuallylarkingaround（胡I制）onFacebook.

Oddly,thisholdstrueatfirmsihalexplicitlyencouragestafftoworkfromhome.Many

Californiantechfirmsaskedemployeesnottocometotheofficetoooften;yetbosses

unconsciouslypenalisedthosewhoobeyed.Remoteworkersunderstandthis.Many

frequentlysenttheirbossesprogressreportstoprovetheyarconthejob.Afifthofthe

workersinthestudyadmittedtoleavingane-mailorvoicemailearlyorlateintheday.

Still,manyarenotassmartastheythink.SomechooseaMondayorFridaytoworkat

home.That,saysMr.Cable,makesothersthinktheyarekeentoextendtheweekend.A

cultureofpresenteeism（全勤主义）hurtsworkingmothersmost.Manywomen（and

somemen）workfromhometoallowthemselvestheflexibilitytopickupkidsfrom

school.Thatneednotmeantheyproduceless;onlythattheydoitatatimeandaplaceof

theirownchoosing.Somefirms,suchasBestBuy,anelectronicsretailer,recognisethis

andtryhardtoevaluatestaffsolelyonperformance.Butthisisnoteasy.Intangiblessuch

asteamworkingskillsmatter,too.Mr.Cablethinkshomeworkingwillloseitsstigma（耻

辱）onlywhenmostpeopledoit.Orperhapswhenthebossistelecommuting,too.

6^Whatismostlikelythemaincauseoftheincreasingnumberoftelecommuters?

A、Attractivedaytimesoaps.

B、Annoyingtalkativecolleagues.

C、High-techmobilephones.

D、Increasinglocationrents.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，由于伦敦和纽约的写字楼租金非常昂

贵，很多公司通过鼓励员工在家办公来节省资金。由此可知，D是远程工作者人数

增加的主要原因，故为正确答案。

7、Whydotelecommutersprobablygetfeweropportunitiesforpromotion?

A、Theirqualityofworkisworse.

B、Theyareinefficientattheirwork.

C、Theyaremisjudgedbythebosses.

D^Theyspendlesstimeworking.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。由定位句可知，远程办公的员工升职的可能性会更小，

因为无论工作质量怎么样，管理者都会认为那些在办公室里面工作的员工更加勤奋

可靠。由此推知，C与之符合，故为正确答案。

8、WhatdoestheexampleofmanyCalifornianlechfirmsprove?

A、Workingathomeisimpracticalintechfirms.

B、Bossesoftendon'tkeeptheirpromises.

C>Employeesshouldjudgewhentoobey.

D、Employees'presenceatofficeraisestheirvalue.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。由定位旬可知，看见员工工作给人一种这是一个好员工

的假象。举出加利福尼亚州的科技公司这一例子也是为了证明这一观点，由此可知

D与之符合，故为正确答案。

9、Whatdowisetelecommutersdotoprovethattheyareonthejob?

A、Theygivetimelyaccountsoftheirworkprogresstotheirbosses.

B、Theychecktheire-mailsandvoicemailseveryday.

C、Theydiscusstheworkwiththeirbosses.

D、Theyspendsometimeworkingonweekends.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：节辨认题。定位句提到，很多人频繁地向老板发送进度报告来证明他

们正在工作。由此可知，A为正确答案。

10、Whatisthebiggestdisadvantageofworkingfromhomeaccordingtothelast

paragraph?

A、Thetraditionalworkingculturecanbehurt.

B、Mothers'workmaybedisruptedbytheirkids.

C>Retailerscan'tgetenoughon-siteemployees.

D、Employeesmaylackchancestodevelopcertainskills.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，一些无形的东西也很重要，比如团队合作

能力。由此可以推断出D与文意相符，故为正确答案。

ImmigrationisregardedbythepublicasthebiggestissuefacingBritishsociety,amajor

newsurveytakingstockofthestateofthecountryreveals.Oneinthreepeoplebelieves

tensionbetweenimmigrantsandpeoplebornintheUKisthemajorcauseofdivision,

whilewelloverhalfregarditasoneofthetopthreecauses.Overthepasttwodecades,

bothimmigrationandemigrationhaveincreasedtohistoricallyhighlevels,withthose

enteringthecountryexceedingthoseleavingbymorethan100,000ineveryyearsince

1998.YetthesurveyinareportbythethinktankBritishFuturealsosuggeststhecountry

is,atheart,