2025版高考英语一轮总复习10年高考真题分类题组专题十二猜测词义

专题十二揣测词义

Passage1（2024北京,C）

Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityin

anopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengage

openlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojected

thewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario（情景；thiscentury".

Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,and

freshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-human

species,collapseiswellunderway.

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermanein

thismomentofsti11-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesinthewor1dsmost

technologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethat

aviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrously

lackinginflexibi1ity.

Theinternationalscholarswarningletterdoesntsayexactlywhatcollapse

wi11look1ikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,is

moreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeveryday

civilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,the

originatoroftheuecologicalfootprintMconcept,whichmeasuresthetotalamount

ofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrent

footprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsome

form,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,“Johnsonsaidin

anemail.

Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecember

warninglettersays,canwehavethehopetoreducetheir“speed,severityandharm”.

Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwant

tohopethingswillturncutfine.Asapoetwrote,

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Hanisavictimofdope（麻醉品）

Intheincurableformofhope.

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（执着）onquieting

hopethatignorespreparedness."Letslookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,

theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomake

thebestofatroublingfuture.M

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.

2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedI）,scared

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysical1imits.

B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.

C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.

D.Theglobalcollapseisuel1underway.

答案

语篇解读

本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然，主题语境内容是人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系。

文章通过介绍科学家、作家和科研人员联名签署公开信一事向人类发出了警告:政策制定者

和我们其他人必需公开面对全球崩溃的风险。

1.D解题指导词义揣测题。依据画线词汇出现的位置将答案区域锁定在第三段第•句中。

解析木题题干意为:第三段中画线的单词“germane”可能是叶么意思?依据画线单词所在

句子“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermanein

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thismomentof..."可知，即使在世界上技术最发达的国家，大流行病和经济危机仍未得到

限制,在这种状况下,呼吁公众参加到这些以前无法想象会发生的事情中去是尤为重要的。故

选择relevant“有重大关系的，相关的”。

2.A解题指导推理推断题。依据题干中的“thepublicawarenessofglobalcollapseM

可将答案区域锁定在第五段。

解析本题题干意为:关于公众对全球崩溃的意识,作者是。依据第五段最终两句可知,

公众对于目前发生的各种危机只是被动地希望糟糕的状况会自己渐渐好起来,就像诗中所说

的，人类像是被毒品麻醉一样，空抱希望而不做任何处理危机的准备。可推知作者对于公众对

全球崩溃的意识是担忧的。

3.B解题指导推理推断题。本题要从全文入手找寻详细信息来推断四个选项的正误。

解析本题题干意为:我们能从这篇文章中r解到什么?A选项依据关键词“thebiophysical

limits”可锁定在第五段第一句，可知签署者仅仅是希望公众关注生物物理极限带来的后果，

并早做准备应对，并没有提到要变更生物物理极限，故为错误选项。B选项依据关键词“poem”

可知,公众只是静默地希望危机过去而不做准备,而文章想通过公开信警示人们面对全球崩

溃的问题，故可知作者同意诗中的信息，故为正确选项。C选项意为:崩溃的问题正在被优先

考虑。明显与文章主旨不符，文章正是想通过公开信呼吁公众考虑崩溃问题。故为错误选项。

D选项意为:全球崩溃已经起先了。依据关健词“wellunderway”锁定在其次段最终一句“if

youareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway假如你是非人类的话，那么

崩溃事实上已经起先了。故为错误选项。

解题思路推理推断题要求读者在正确理解作者所述客观事实、正确理解作者的主观看法和

观点以及写作意图的基础上,推想作者在文章中未提到的事实或者事情的起因、结果或可能

性等。推理推断题中的干扰项有：1）有悖常理干扰;2）偏离主题干扰;3）错误依据干扰;4）错误

逻辑干扰。

难句分析

原句：Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnations

andthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.

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分析:that引导主语从句,and连接并列结构。

译文:就在不久前，人们还无法想象一种病毒会让一些国家关闭,平安网络会被证明是如此灾

难性地缺乏敏捷性。

Passage2（2024天津春,B）

Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard（蜥蜴）wasgrowing

dusty.Itworriedme.1reportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomy

husbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromits

tankwithitsoldskinflcwingbehindit.

Ididn,tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhen1knockedmyfavorite

teapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.As1sweptupthemess,I

wonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.

Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmylusband'sbirthday.Hehad

justlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearusout,soIwantedtodo

somethingspecial.

“Let'smakeacakefcrDad!”1cried.

Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostofthe

day.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Blowersonthetable!

Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,my

daughterc1imbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbeside

thecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecake

away.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.

Threedaysago,the1ightinour1ivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveral

frustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggestedwatching

theMichaelJordandocumentary（纪录片）seriesTheLastDance.

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Thepoignancy（辛酸）cfJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplay

baseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.As

Iwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,

Isawhimleavingbehindihelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizard

had.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolive

withwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwe

havetolearntoleavethepastbehind.

Humansdonotshedskin（蜕皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchange

isupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeour

lizard,rawandnearlynew.

Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,

hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?

A.Itstankgrewdirty.B.Itsoldskincameoff.

C.Itgotaskindisease.i）.Itwentmissing.

2.Whydidtheauthor*shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?

A.Thebirthdaycakewasruined.

B.Theauthormadegoodpuddings.

C.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.

D.Theycouldn'taffordabirthdaycake.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionTheLastDanceinthepassage?

A.Toproveatheory.

B.Todefineaconcept.

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C.Todevelopthetheme.

D.Toprovidethebackground.

4.Theunderlinedpart°leavingbehindthelayer”inParagraph8canbeunderstood

as.

A.lettinggoofthepast

B.lookingforanewjob

C.gettingridofabadhabit

I）,givingupanopportunity

5.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?

A.Loveoffami1yhelpsussurvivegreathardships.

B.It'snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.

C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.

D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.

答案

［语篇解读］本文是•篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我，主题语境内容为主动的生活看法。

本文讲解并描述了作者的丈夫失业后，作者及其家人经验了•系列的不顺,直到作者通过视

察蜥蜴的蜕皮以及观看MichaelJordan的纪录片《最终的舞动》获得了启示:不管发生什么

事,我们都要接着前进。

1.B推理推断题。依据第一段最终一句Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstank

withitsoldskinflowingbehindit.（几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从箱里出来,旧皮在后面飘

动。）可知蜥蜴在经验蜕皮过程。故选B。

2.A推理推断题。依据第六段中的mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvase...She

sobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.可知丈夫吃香蕉布丁的缘由是生日蛋糕被毁了。

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3.C推理推断题。作者在文中提到£asZ的〃ce是为了引出下文的感悟，故选C。

4.A词义揣测题。依据第八段最终一句话Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethe

pastbehind.（我意识到我们必需学会把过去抛在脑后。）可知选A。

5.C推理推断题。这篇文章从开头提到蜥蜴蜕皮到观看乔丹的纪录片都是为「引出主

题：learntoleavethepastbehindo故选C（不管发生什么，我们都应当往前走）。

Passage3（2024浙江1月,C）

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwild

chimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specific

messagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66gestures.Thescientists

discoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexamining

morethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyform

ofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansand

chimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysenta

messagetoanothergroupirember.

"That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,nshesaid."They'retheonly

thingthatlooks1ikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.v

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstand

complexinformationfromanotheranimaTscall,theanimalsdonotappeartouse

theirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificant

differencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswi11checktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhich

theywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,

signalling:"Climbonme”.Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother*sback

andtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereis

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anotherspecies（物种）outtherethatismeaningfulinitsconununication,sothat*s

notuniquetohumans,“saidDrHobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,

saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolution

ofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.

“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshave

littletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontained

intheirgesturesandactions,Mshesaid.aMoreover,themeaningsseemtonotgo

beyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulf

remains.”

1.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?

A.Memorizingspecificwords.

B.Understandingcomplexinformation.

C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.

I）munieatingmessagescnpurpose.

2.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?

A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.

B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.

C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.

D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.

C.Balance.D.Connection.

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4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough

B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills

C.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom

I）.Chimpanzeelanguage:comirunicationgesturestranslated

答案

［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然，主题语境内容为人与动物。本文介

绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，发觉了它们用手势沟通,翻译出了它们用

来沟通的手势的含义。

1.1）细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hada

systemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroup

member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个沟通系统，他们有意向另一个小组成员发送信息。）

可知选1）（有目的地沟通信息），

2.B推理推断题。依据第六段中的thestudywaspraiseworthy以及theresultswere“a

1ittledisappointing”可知选B（这是一个很好的尝试，但探订结果有限）0

3.A词义揣测题“依据画线单词前一句可知，黑猩猩的这些手势的含义不确定适用于其他动

物，存在不同之处。故选A。

4.1）主旨要义题。文章第一句已经点明文章主题：Researcherssaytheyhavetranslated

themeaningofgesturesthatwiIdchimpanzeesusetocommunicate.（探讨人员表示，

他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来沟通的手势的含义。）。故选1）。

难句分析原句：Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimps

havelittletocommunicate,orwearesti11missingalotoftheinformationcontained

intheirgesturesandactions.

分析：本句中suggests后为宾语从句,从句中还存在either...or...引导的并列句。

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译文:手势含义的模糊性表明，要么黑猩猩很少沟通,要么我们仍旧缺少它们手势和动作

中包含的大量信息。

Passage4（2017江苏,D）

OldProblem,NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwill

continueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionswere

tobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimate

change.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimate

adaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechange

isaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,but

toaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUS

NationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:"Thereisno'one-$izefitsall'adaptation.

Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcai'rylittleriskorcost.

Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsome

poorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.

MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profit

organizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,and

healthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicating

facilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivitytoreplacefloodedroads

andhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshow

peoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthe

welseason.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphel

livesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Theloss

ofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreatto

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agriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhen

itcandamagecrops.Norphelsinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwaterover

winter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasins

whereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectly

timedirrigation浇灌)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphel

calculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000mofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuing

process,soNorphelsicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertake

them.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,be

abletofindothermeanscfadapting.

IncreasingEarthsreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthe

suddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthe

warmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeis

heatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexample

shouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,cities

mayslowdownthewarmingprocess.

InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallen

victimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentirenountainpeakwhiteinthe

hopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcome

isstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslist

of"100ideastosavetheplanet”.

Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmine

ownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeen

toowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhim

toplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglike

this-eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.This

iscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepolluting

industriesarguethatwevelostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhave

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nochoicebuttoadapt,itsanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessas

usual.

Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinary

andastonishingways.But:hemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadapt

ourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthat

way,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.

1.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.

A.adaptationisanever-changingprocess

B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime

C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms

I),adaptationtoclimatechangeischailenging

2.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwansproject?

A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.

B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.

C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.

D.Theprojectconnectsflcodedroadsandhighways.

3.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?

A.Storingiceforfutureuse.

B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.

C.Changingtheirrigationtime.

D.Postponingthemeltingcftheglaciers.

4.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?

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A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.

B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.

C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.

D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.

A.adapttocarbonpolluticn

B.planthighlyprofitablecrops

C.leavecarbonemissionalone

D.fightagainstcarbonpollution

6.Whatstheauthorspreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?

A.Settingupanewstandard.

B.Reducingcarbonemission.

C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.

D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.

答案

［语篇解读］本文为争论文,题材为环境问题类。话题为“老问题,新方法”一一适应我们所

面临的严峻的气候环境，而且要意识到环境的变更和适应环境是一个过程。

1.A揣测词义题。依据其次段主题句Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportantto

understandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.可知气候的变更是一个不断变更的过程。

再结合后面儿段给出的事例可知,适应也是一个不妍变更的过程，由此可推断出画线部分意

为adaptationisanever-changingprocess,故答案为A项。

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2.C推理推断题。依据第三段第三句MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssaw,

onlydisaster.及后面的描述可知他的非营利组织在充分利用噌糕的环境,故正确答案为C

项。本题产扰项为D项，由第三段第五句Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivityto

replacefloodedroadsandhighways.可知D项错误。

3.A细微环节理解题。依据第四段第六句Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallow

basinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.可知A项正确。

4.D推理推断题。依据第六段首句InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwitha

glacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingthe

entiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestore

thelife-givingice.可推断出答案为D。

5.D推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中的Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatweve

lostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,its

anonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.可推知D项为正确答案。

6.B推理推断题。依据最终一段其次句Butthemostsensiblefoi'mofadaptationis

surelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.可知最明智的适

应应当是变更我们的能量体系以削减碳排放污染,故B项正确。

Passage5（2017江苏,B）

Red-backedfairywrens蝴鹑），which1ivcinnorthernandeasternAustralia,lay

threeorfoureggsatatime.

Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.

Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother*svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.But

Whenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruleIheroosl.Asrecently

reportedinTheAuk:OmithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung

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tosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）.New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmonfs

callwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.

Thiseducationalmethcdwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,a

biologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.Female

Australiansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragain

whilehatchingtheireggs.Vhentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilar

chirptotheirmothers-asoundthatservedastheirregularufeedme!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearchers

soughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firstthey

collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafter

hatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberof

notes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,

rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechii'pingliketheir

moms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilar

werethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamseiupaseparateexperiment

thatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmonfsvoicewere

rewardedwiththemostfocd.

Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignal

neurological（神经系统的）strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionary

inferencecanthenbedrawn."Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,or

doyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”Kleindorferasks."Ourresultssuggest

thattheymightbegoingforquality.M

1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means"”.

A.betheworstB.bethebest

C.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood

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2.WhatareKleindorfersfindingsbasedon?

A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.

B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.

D.Controlledexperimentscnwrensandotherbirds.

3.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich.

A.canreceivequalitysignals

B.areinneedoftraining

C.fittheenvironmentbetter

D.maketheloudestcal1

答案

［语篇解读］本文是•篇科普类说明文。我们都知道母亲在怀孕期间对小宝宝进行胎教，但

是你知道鸟类也会给自己还未孵化出的小宝宝进行胎教吗？请看澳大利亚生物学家的探讨成

果吧。

1.B揣测词义题。依据画线部分后面的描述:一些鸟类在小鸟孵化出来前就起先教它们唱歌

了，小鸟孵化出来后几天就能仿照自己母亲的叫声。由此推断出小鸟在这方面做得最棒,所以

答案为B项。

2.A推理推断题。依据第三段中的最终•句话可知，他们把雏鸟的叫声和母亲的叫声进行对

比，依据相像度进行排名，由此可知他们的发觉是以母亲和雏鸟叫声的相像度为依据的，所以

答案为A项。

3.C推理推断题。依据最终一段可知答案为C项。

高考热词distinguish区分；辨别；分清imitateh.仿照widespreadadj.分布广

的;普遍的;广泛的identify此确认;认出；鉴定

16

长难句

原句：Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthe

babybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom（svoicewererewardedwiththemost

food.

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