过去完成时完整版本

过去完成时１．结构:

ThePastPerfectTense

过去完成时2.过去完成时主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动作之前已经发生或完成的动作.也就是过去的过去.had+v-edByteno’clockyesterdaywehaddonealotofwork.Theenginehadbeenrepairedbeforefiveo’clockyesterday.Wehaddonealotofpreparationswhentheguestscame.IhadbeenanursebeforeIenteredthemedicalcollege.到昨天10点时为止，我们已经做了许多的工作。在昨天5点以前这个引擎就已经被修好了。当客人到来的时候我们已经做好了充分的准备。在我进入医科大学之前我就是一名护士了。1.过去某一个特定时间之前发生的事,常与by+过去时间点.(by到…止),bytheendof+过去时间点.(到……末为止),before+过去时间点.等连用。过去完成时的用法Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastFriday.构成：助动词had+动词的过去分词（V.pp)用法：

过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。过去完成时：在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。1.他说他以前见过你。Hesaidthathe______________(see)youbefore.hadseen2.到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。Bysixo’clockthey______________(work)foreighthours.hadworked1.到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。Byyesterdayeveninghe___________(write)thatletter.2.他说他以前见过你。Hesaidthathe____________(see)youbefore.3.当我进来时，他已做完了作业。WhenIcameinhe________________(finish)hishomework.过去完成时与bythen(截止到那时);by9o’clock(直到九点钟)bytheendof…(在…结束/末之前);bythetime…(在…时之前);uptillthen(直到那时);upuntillastnight(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。hadwrittenhadseenhadfinished1)He________(wash)alltheclothesby6:00thismorning.2)Bytheendoflastmonth,I________(read)threebooks.3)Bythe1987,he__________(work)inthisschool.Tips:当状语从句中出现by、

bytheendof+过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时hadwashed

hadread

hadworked

过去完成时和already,just,ever,yet等连用表示过去的过去。用法：例如：1.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。Hetoldmethathisteam_________already___________(win).hadwon2.她说她仍没去过长城。Shesaidthatshe_______________(notgoto)theGreatWallyet.hadn’tbeento2.用于宾语从句中表示从句中动词的动作或状态发生于主句的过去式动词的动作之前.Shefoundthatshehadbeenveryunwiseindealingwiththematter.Hegottotherailwaystationandsuddenlyrealizedthathehadforgottentobringhisticket.HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.

过去完成时的用法3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用,如:

TheyhadlivedinGuangzhousince2004andlastmonth

,theymovedto

Shenzhen.

IhadnotseenmyfriendAmyforalongtime,soLastSundayIwentto

visither.过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。Bysixo’clockthey____________(work)foreighthours.WhenIcametoGZ,he_____________(be)thereforalongtime.用法：1.到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。2.我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。hadworkedhadbeen3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe______________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.hadlived4.在包含when,assoonas,before,after,until,等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的,那么先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时表示.WhenIwokeupithadalreadystoppedraining.Igottothestationafterthetrainhadleft.Ihadn’thadanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.过去完成时的用法用法：过去完成时与when,before,assoonas,till/until等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。例如：1.她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。Whenshegothomeherchildren____________(sleep).hadslept2.在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Beforetheyarrivedherethefilm_________already___________(start).hadstartedLastnight,assoonasI_______________(finish)myworkIwenttosleep.3.我完成作业了就去睡觉了。hadfinished

Thethieves_______(run)away,whenthepolicearrived.Ihadbrushedmyteeth,beforehe______(get)up.WhenIwokeup,it__________(stop)raining.I__________(finish)myhomeworkbythetimeIhadsupper.Tips:主语+过去完成时+when/before/bythetime引导的从句（从句用———————）hadrun

gothadstopped

hadfinished一般过去时I__________(intend)togiveyoumorehomework,butIfoundthatyouweretobusy.We_________(hope)tocatchtheearlybus,butfounditwasgone.I__________(plan)thetrip,butitwascancelled(取消）finally.hadintendedhadhopedhadplanned5.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,expect等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算意图，意味“原本….本来….”过去完成时的用法过去完成时用法例句表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或者完成的动作.即:过去的过去发生或完成的动作.到上个星期为止,我们已经学了5首歌.We_________fivesongs_____________lastweek.我到的时候你已经开始玩了.You____already______playingwhenIgotthere.主+had+PPhadstartedhadlearntbytheendof1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgone

B.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goes

D.hadstudied,hadgone他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。例题分析2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：

Itwas+时间段+since引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto

解析：

小培说她去了海南三个月。Havebeento和havegoneto都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的havebeenin.应选B.1．I

lost

the

book

I

＿＿＿＿．

A．have

bought

B．had

bought

C．had

been

bought

2.The

bus

had

gone

when

I__the

bus

stop．

A．have

arrived

B．arrived

C．had

arrived3．Tom

＿

of

visiting

his

grandmother，but

the

bad

weather

made

him

change

his

mind．

A．has

thought

B．thought

C．had

thought

4．—Did

you

meet

Tom

at

the

airport？

—No，he

＿

by

the

time

I

＿

there．

A．has

left；got

B．had

left；arrived

C．left；arrived

5．I

＿

to

come

to

help

you．But

you

didn’t

come

A．have

meant

B．had

meant

C．meant

6．Finally

Mary

was

admitted

by

Beijing

Universityfor

which

she

＿

five

times．

A．had

tried

B．was

trying

C．has

tried

1.Hetoldmethathe(hear)ofthedoorbeforeIleft.

2.IreallyforgotifI(lock)thedoorbeforeIleft.

3.Bythetimewegottothestation,the

train(leave)already.

4.Bytheendoflastyear,they(collect)largenumbersofbottlesforrecycling.

hadheardhadlockedhadlefthadcollected1.We___________(learn)twothousandwordsbytheendoflastyear.

Canyoudoit?3.Whenwe_______(arrive)atthestation,they__________(wait)formorethantwentyminutes.

hadlearnedarrivedhadwaited2.I___________(know)himwhenIwasastudent.hadknown4.Oneofthemencouldn’tmove,becausehe__________(break)hislegs.

hadbroken

过去完成时的主要的一些句型1、主语+过去完成时+when引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)如Tom

was

surprised

that

most

of

the

guests

_____（leave)when

he

______(arrive)at

the

party.

hadleftarrived过去完成时常用句型：

2、主语+过去完成时+by短语。例如:

We_____four

thousand

new

words

by

the

end

of

last

year.

A.

had

learned

B.

have

learned

C.

learned

D.

will

have

learned

根据by短语中的last

year得知,正确选项为A。3、主语+过去完成时+by

the

time引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:

He

_________________(alreadybuild)hisownlabbythetimehe______(be)ten.

hadalreadybuiltwas4、主语+过去完成时+before引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:

He

__________(study)

English

for

five

years

before

he

______(come)

here.

hadstudiedcame5.This/Itwasthefirst/second….time+that从句（从句用过去完成时）Thatwasthesecondtimethatshe_________(see)hergrandfather.ItwasthesecondtimeI__________(visit)Shanghai.ThisisthefirsttimeI________(come)here.This/Itisthefirst/second……time+that从句（从句用现在完成时）hadseen

hadvisitedhavecomeThey

asked

me

to

have

a

drink

with

them.

Isaid

that

it

was

at

least

ten

years

since

I___a

good

drink.

A.

had

enjoyed

B.

was

enjoying

C.

enjoyed

D.

had

been

enjoying

正确答案为A。

6、It

was+时间+since+主语+过去完成时。7.主语+had+hardly+过去分词+when+主语+一般过去时

主语＋had＋nosooner＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过去时”一….就…..”E.g:Theheadmaster______nosooner_____

intotheclassroomthanIbeganverynervous.Theheadmaster_____hardly______intotheclassroomwhenIbeganverynervous.Hardly

hadtheheadmastercomeintotheclassroomwhenIbeganverynervous.注意：hardly、nosooner放在句首，句子用部分倒装hadcomehadcome在Nosooner…than…;Hardly(Scarcely)…when…一…就…的结构句中,前面的动词多用过去完成时.Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.ScarcelyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin.homework昨晚我吃过晚饭后就去上学了。2.他说他已经把以前学的英语单词忘掉了3.医生到时病人已经死掉了。4.我前几天买的那块表丢了。5.她昨天很兴奋，此前她从没有坐过飞机。6.我到现在还没有去过日本。7当我到达音乐会的时侯，这名歌手已经离开了。8到昨天早上，他已经给我打了好几个电话了。9我们本来希望去踢球的，可是整天都在下雨。10他说他这是第二次来中国。TranslatethemintoEnglishhomework11.等我吃完饭了，新闻已经演完了。12.当我听到妈妈叫我的时候，我知道我又睡过了。13.到了学校之后，我发现我把书落在家里了。等我到了，汽车已经走了。15.他打电话的时候，我已经写完作业了。注意:不要将过去完成的动作纯粹就理解为用过去完成时,因为这样必然会在该用一般过去时的地方误用过去完成时.应当记住:过去完成时是一个相对的时态.表示的是过去的过去,只有在和过去某时或某动作比较时才用到.时间现在过去某时或另一过去动作更早的动作(用过去完成时)过去完成时与一般过去时的比较1.一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前完成的动作。Wegottothestationat8:00,butthetrainhadleft.我们八点到达车站，但火车已开走了。Wegottothestationat8:00,butthetrainleftat7:30.我们八点到达车站，但火车七点半就开走了。

WhenIarrivedhome,Myparentshadhaddinner.我到家时，我父母已吃过饭了。

WhenIarrivedhome,wehaddinnertogether.我一到家，我们就一起吃饭。

2.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：

Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.

3.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：

Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.4.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before，after，assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.1.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests______whenhe______attheparty.A.left；hadarrivedB.left；arrivedC.hadleft,hadarrivedD.hadleft,arrived

2.We______fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.A.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.learnedD.willhavelearned解析：正确答案为D。guests先离开，Tom后到达。

解析：根据by短语中的lastyear得知是到去年年末，正确选项为A

3.Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagarage(车库）

becauseit______seriously.AdamagedBwasbeingdamagedChaddamagedDhadbeendamaged解析：D。根据hadto可知修车发生在过去，车子损坏严重发生在此之前，即“过去的过去”，再根据“车子”与“毁坏”为被动关系，故用过去完成时被动语态。4.DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?Yes,hedid.He_______hisoldfriendsforalongtime.Adidn’tseeBwouldn’tseeChasn’tseenDhadn’tseen解析：D。根据句中的did和yesterday，可知艾伦昨天看到了他的老朋友们，那么“很长时间没有看到老朋友了”肯定发生在这之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。1.Afterhe______________(finish)hisworkhewentout.hadfinished2.Thechildrenranawayafterthey___________(break)thewindow.hadbroken3.IwenttoTom’shousebuthe__________(go)out.hadgoneExercises:4.Annietoldmethathisfather_______(go)toParisandhe_____(come)backinafewdays.hadgonewouldcome5.Myfriend_______(buy)thecartwoyearsago.He_________(buy)itfortwoyears.boughthashadBythetimeIgotup,mybrotheralready(have)hisbreakfast.2.BythetimeIgottothestation,thebusalready(leave).3.WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedI(leave)mybagathome.hadhadhadhadleftleftPractice:4.

Hedidn’tgotothecinemabecausehe_________(see)themovietwice.5.Bytheendoflastyear,theworkers__________(build)threebuildings.6.She___________(work)onthefarmforthreeyearsbeforeshebecameateacher.hadseenhadbuilthadworked7.Shehadtomakealivingherselfbecauseherparents_________(die).8.People_____________(catch)thethiefbeforethepoliceman_______(arrive).9.I________(cut)themeatintopiecesbeforemymother________(start)cooking.haddiedhadcutstartedhadcaughtarrived

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：

过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）—Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。—Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）1.ThepenI______I______isonmydesk，rightundermynose.A.think；lostB.thought；hadlostC.think,hadlostD.thought；havelost2.——Doyouknowourtownatall?

——No，thisisthefirsttimeI______here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came

D.hadbeen解析：正确答案为B。“丢笔”是在“认为”之前发生的动作。解析：正确答案为B.属于现在完成时的固定句型。1.WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_totakeashower.(2004天津)A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingPractice2.YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.Oh,I_____forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.(2004福建)A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited3.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?—No,I__.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?(2004湖北)A.wasnotinvitedB.hadn’tbeeninvitedC.havenotbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite4.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests___whenhe___attheparty.(1989MET)A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrived5.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe____.(1990MET)A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isarrivingD.isgoingtoarrive6.Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.Yes.Ataxi____atallnecessary.(1992MET)A.wasn’tB.hadbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe7.Atthistimetomorrow____overtheAtlantic.(2003北京)A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly8.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework,Mary?No.I____mymotherinthekitchenalldayyesterday.A.washelpingB.helpedC.havehelpedD.hadhelped9.WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?I____mypaintingandwasstartingtotakeabath.A.havealreadyfinishedB.wasfinishedC.hadjustfinishedD.wasgoingtofinish10.Tomsaidhe____toher,buthe____yet.A.willwrite;didn’tB.haswritten;hasn’tC.wasgoingto;write;wasn’tD.wouldwrite;hasn’t11.ItisthesecondtimethatI___inShanghai.WhatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghai!ItistenyearssinceI____itlasttime.A.havebeen;leftB.hadbeen;leftC.havebeen;hadleftD.went;hadleft2、Fillintheblankswithcorrecttenses.1）.FilmmakerDavidMorris_________(be)interestedinthecinemasincehe______(be)asmallchild.2）.Thestudents___________(catch)thethiefbeforethepolicemencame.hasbeenwashadcaught3).Janelovestravelling,Herwork________(take)herallovertheworld.She________(be)toAfrica,India,Australia,ChinaandSouthAmerica.4).ThehousewasveryquietwhenIgothome.Everybody________(go)tobed.hastakenhasbeenhadgone5.They____________(buy)ahouseontheislandin1987andthey__________(live)theresincethen.6.Andrew__________(do)thetestbefore,sohefounditveryeasy.7.Therewasacarbythesideoftheroad,It_________(break)down.Sowe________(stop)toseeifwecouldhelp.boughthavelivedhaddonehadbrokenstoppedhomework改错题1.Ihavebeenwritingfivelettersthismorning.2.IremembermyfatherhasseenLuXuntwiceintheyear1925.3.HehasbeentoYan’anin1936.4.Hedidn’tgotoBaidaihethissummerbecauseheWenttherebefore.5.LiMingwaslivedinShanghaitenyearsago.6.Shewillhavetoldyouthenewswhenyouaskherto.7.WhenIgottothestationIfoundthetrainleftalready.8.Everybodyknowhimtobeagoodman.9WhyisXiaoLiabsenttoday?Hewasill.10Willyoupleaselendmetheknifeyouusejustnow?11Wherehaveyougoneto?12Theyhavelearnedalotaftertheycamehere.13Hehadfinishedthejobthreedaysago.14Dosehisgrandmastillliving?No,sheisdied.15WhenIcalledtoseehim,hehasgonetoShanghai.16Thisstoryhashappenedlong,longago.

17Theywenttobeduntiltheyhaddoneallthework.18Itwasrainedveryhardlastnight.19Howmanypageshaveyoubeenreading?20Bythetimehegothomehismotherwenttobedalready.homework昨晚我吃过晚饭后就去上学了。

Lastnight,IwenttoschoolafterIhadhadmysupper.2.他说他已经把以前学的英语单词忘掉了。

HesaidthathehadforgottentheEnglishwords.

医生到时病人已经死掉了。（patient）我前几天买的那块表丢了。她昨天很兴奋，此前