高处作业安全技术要求TechnicalRequiremen

《高处作业安全技术要求》TechnicalRequirementsforSafetyWorkingatHeights第一节

高处作业的基本安全要求

Section1BasicSafetyRequirementsforWorkingatHeights

一、高处作业的定义1.Definitionofworkingatheights

凡在坠落高度基准面2m以上（含2m）有可能坠落的高处进行的作业，都称为高处作业。

Anyoperationcarriedoutataheightwherethefallheightdatumismorethan2m(including2m)andislikelytofalliscalledworkingatheights.二、高处作业分级与分类2.Gradingandclassificationofworkingatheights1.分级(1)Grading(1)高处作业高度在2~5m时，称为一级高处作业。Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationis2to5m,itiscalledthefirst-levelhigh-placeoperation.(2)高处作业高度在5m以上至15m时，称为二级高处作业Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationis5to15m,itiscalledthesecond-levelhigh-placeoperation.(3)高处作业高度在15m以上至30m时，称为三级高处作业。Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationis15to30m,itiscalledthethird-levelhigh-placeoperation.(4)高处作业高度在30m以上时，称为特级高处作业。Whentheheightofthehigh-placeoperationisover30m,itiscalledthespecialhighplaceoperation.第一节高处作业的基本安全要求

Section1BasicSafetyRequirementsforWorkingatHeights

2.分类(2)Classification

高处作业的种类分为一般高处作业和特殊高处作业两种。Thetypesofhigh-placeoperationsaredividedintotwotypes:generalhigh-placeoperationsandspecialhigh-placeoperations.特殊高处作业包括以下几个类别:

Specialhigh-placeoperationsincludethefollowingtypes:(1)在阵风风力6级(风速10.8m/s)以上的情况下进行的高处作业称为强风高处作业。High-placeoperationscarriedoutwithatleastsix-gradegusts(windspeedof10.8m/s)arecalledhigh-placeoperationswithstrongwinds.(2)在高温或低温环境下进行的高处作业，称为异温高处作业。

High-placeoperationscarriedoutinahigh-temperatureorlow-temperatureenvironmentarecalledabnormaltemperaturehigh-placeoperation.第一节高处作业的基本安全要求

Section1BasicSafetyRequirementsforWorkingatHeights

三、高处作业的基本安全要求3.Thebasicsafetyrequirementsforhigh-placeoperations

安全带应高挂低用,不得采用低于腰部水平的系挂方法。Thesafetyharnessshouldbehunghigherthanthestandingplaceandtheworkingplaceshouldbelowerthanitshangingposition;andthemethodoftyingitbelowthewaistshouldnotbeadopted.

作业点下方要设安全警戒区，有明显警戒标志，并设专人监护，提醒作业人员和其他有关人员注意安全。禁区围栏(墙)与作业位置外侧间距一般为：I级高处作业2~4m、II级高处作业3~6m、II级高处作业4~8m、IV级高处5~10m,任何人不准在禁区内休息或工作。Asafetywarningareashouldbebuiltundertheoperationpoint,withobviouswarningsigns,anda

person

shouldbeassignedtoremindtheoperatorsandotherrelevantpersonneltotakecare.Thespacingbetweenthefence(wall)oftheforbiddenareaandtheoutsideoftheoperationpositionisgenerallyasfollows:2to4mforhigh-placeoperationatlevelI,3to6mforhigh-placeoperationatlevelII,4to8mforhigh-placeoperationatlevelⅢ,and5to10mforhigh-placeoperationsatlevelIV,andnooneisallowedtorestorworkintheforbiddenarea.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

一、临边作业的安全防护要求1.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforlimboperations1.临边高处作业的要求(1)Requirementsforlimboperationsatheights

(1)基坑周边，尚未安装栏杆或栏板的阳台、料台与挑平台两边、雨篷与挑檐边，无外脚手的屋面与楼层周边及水箱与水塔周边等处，都必须设置防护栏杆。Aroundthepit,guardrailsmustbeerectedintheplaces:balconieswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotyetinstalled;bothsidesofthematerialtableandthepickplatform,theedgeoftheawningandtheeaves;theroofandfloorwithoutexternalscaffolding,andtheperimeterofthewatertankandthewatertower.

第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(2)首层墙高度超过3.2m的2层楼面周边，以及无外脚手的高度超过3.2m楼层周边，必须在外围架设安全平网一道。Ontheperipheryofthe2-storybuildingwithaheightofmorethan3.2mofthewallofthefirstlayer,andontheperipheryofthebuildingwithaheightofmorethan3.2mwithoutexternalscaffolding,safetynetsmustbe.

(3)分层施工的楼梯口和梯段边，必须安装临时护栏。顶层楼梯口应随工程结构进度安装正式防护栏杆。Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledonthestairwellsandbenchsidesinthelayeredconstruction.Thetopfloorstairwellsshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsintermsoftheprogressofengineeringconstructure.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(4)井架与施工用电梯和脚手架等与建筑物通道的两侧边，必须设防护栏杆。地面通道上部应装设安全防护棚。双笼井架通道中间，应予隔离封闭。Guardrailsmustbesetonbothsidesofthebuildingpassages,derricks,constructionelevatorsandscaffolding.Theupperpartofthegroundpassageshouldbeequippedwithsafetyshelters.Inthemiddleofthedoublecagederrickchannel,itshouldbeisolatedandclosed.

(5)各种垂直运输接料平台，除两侧设防护栏杆外，平台口还应设置安全门或活动防护栏杆。Forallkindsofverticalplatformsfortransportandoffloading,exceptfortheprotectiverailingsonbothsides,theirentrancesshouldbeequippedwithexitdoorsormovableprotectionrailings.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

2.临边防护栏杆杆件的规格及连接要求(2)Specificationsandconnectionrequirementsforthemembersofthelimbprotectionrailings

(1)原木横杆上杆梢径不应小于70mm,下杆梢径不应小于60mm,用不小于12号的镀锌钢丝、竹篾或塑料篾绑扎，不应少于3圈，要求表面平顺和稳固无动摇。Thediameteroftheupperpoleofthelogcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan70mm,thatofthelowerpoleshouldnotbelessthan60mm.Moreover,thelogcrossbarshouldbetiedwithnolessthan12-gaugegalvanizedsteelwire,bambooorplasticgrate,whichshouldnotbelessthan3turns,withtherequirementforasmoothandstablesurfacewithoutwavering

(2)钢筋横杆上杆直径不应小于16mm,下杆直径不应小于14mm，栏杆柱直径不应小于18mm,采用电焊或镀锌钢丝绑扎固定。Thediameteroftheupperbarofthereinforcedcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan16mm,andthatofthelowerbarshouldnotbelessthan14mm.Thediameterofthebalustradecolumnshouldnotbelessthan18mm,whichshouldbefixedbyweldingorzinc-coatedwires.

(3)钢管横杆及栏杆柱均应采用48mmX(2.75~3.5)mm的管材，以扣件或电焊固定。Thesteelcrossbarandrailingcolumnshouldbemadeof48mmX(2.75~3.5)mmpipe,fixedwithfastenersorelectricwelding.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

3.搭设临边防护栏时的要求(3)Requirementsfortheerectionoflimbprotectionrails

(1)防护栏杆应由上、下两道横杆及栏杆柱组成，上杆离地面高度为1.0~1.2m，下杆离地面高度为0.5~0.6m。坡度大于1:2.2的屋面，防护栏杆应高1.5m，并加挂安全网。除经设计计算外，横杆长度大于2m时，必须加设栏杆柱。Theprotectiverailingshouldbecomposedoftwocrossbarsandrailings.

Theheightoftheupperpolefromthegroundis1.0to1.2m,andthatofthelowerpolefromthegroundis0.5to0.6m.Forroofswithaslopegreaterthan1:2.2,theprotectiverailingshouldbe1.5mhighandasafetynetshouldbehung.Inadditiontothedesigncalculations,whenthelengthofthecrossbarismorethan2m,abalustradecolumnmustbeadded.

(2)栏杆柱的固定应符合下列要求:

Thefixationoftherailingcolumnshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

当在基坑四周固定时，可采用钢管并打入地面50~70cm。钢管离边口的距离，不应小于50cm。防护栏承受1000N外力，栏杆下面设置不低于18cm的挡脚板或40cm的挡脚笆。Whentherailingcolumnhasbeenfixedaroundthepit,asteelpipecanbepunchedintothegroundfor50to70cm.Thedistanceofthesteelpipefromtheedgeshouldnotbelessthan50cm.Theprotectivefenceshouldbear1000Nexternalforces,andundertherailing,toeboardsofnotlessthan18cmorbamboopiecesof40cmshouldbesetup.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

二、洞口作业的安全防护要求2.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforopeningoperations

(1)板与墙的洞口，必须设置牢固的盖板、防护栏杆、安全网或其他防坠落的防护设施。Attheopeningoftheboardandwall,strongcovers,protectiverailings,safetynetsorotheranti-fallingequipmentmustbeprovided.

(2)电梯井口必须设防护栏杆或固定栅门;电梯井内应每隔两层并最多隔10m设一道安全网Theelevatorshaftmustbeequippedwithprotectiverailingsorfixedgates;intheelevatorshaft,

a

safety

net

shouldbesetupeverytwofloorswith10mapartatmost.

(3)洞口根据具体情况采取设防护栏杆、加盖件、张挂安全网与装栅门等措施时，必须符合规范要求。Accordingtothespecificsituationofopenings,whentakingmeasures,suchasusingprotectionrailings,coveringparts,safetynetsandinstallinggates,wemustcomplywiththerequirementsandthespecifications.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

三、攀登作业的安全防护要求3.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforclimbingoperations1.登高用梯的使用要求(1)Requirementsfortheuseofladdersforascending

(1)接长时，接头只允许有--处，且连接后梯梁强度不变。Whentheladderneedstobeextended,itisonlyallowedtohaveonejoint,andthestrengthoftheladderbeamaftertheconnectionisunchanged.

(2)

常用固定式直爬梯的材料、宽度、高度及构造等许多方面，标准内都有具体规定，不得违反。Thematerial,width,heightandstructureofthecommonlyusedfixedstraight-climbladderaremanyaspects,andtherearespecificprovisionsinthestandardandmustnotbeviolated

(3)上下梯子时，必须面向梯子，且不得手持器物。Whengoingupanddowntheladder,youmustfacetheladderandcannotholdtools.第二节

临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations四、悬空作业的安全防护要求4.Safetyprotectionrequirementsforsuspendedoperations

在周边临空状态下，无立足点或无牢靠立足点的条件下进行的高处作业，称为悬空作业。这里所指的悬空作业，是指建筑安装工程中，从事建筑物和构筑物结构主体施工的操作人员。悬空作业在建筑施工现场较为常见的，主要有构件吊装、钢筋绑扎、混凝土浇筑以及门窗安装和油漆等多种作业。

Theworkcarriedoutundertheconditionofnofootholdornofirmfootholdinthesurroundingairconditioniscalledsuspendedoperation.Thesuspendedoperationmentionedherereferstotheoperatorswhoareengagedintheconstructionofthemainstructureofbuildingsandstructuresintheconstructionandinstallationengineering.Suspendedoperationismorecommoninconstructionsites,mainlyincludingcomponenthoisting,steelbarbinding,concretepouring,doorandwindowinstallationandpaintingandotheroperations.

第二节

临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

1.构件吊装与管道安装安全防护

（1）Safetyprotectionforcomponenthoistingandpipelineinstallation

安装管道时，可将结构或操作平台作为立足点，在安装中的管道上行走和站立，是十分不安全的。Wheninstallingthepipeline,itisveryunsafetowalkandstandonthepipelineunderinstallation,usingthestructureortheoperatingplatformasafoothold.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

2.钢筋绑扎安全防护

（2）Rebarbindingsafetyprotection

进行钢筋绑扎和安装钢筋骨架的高处作业，都要搭设操作平台和挂安全网。悬空大梁的钢筋绑扎，施工作业人员要站在操作平台，上进行操作。绑扎柱和墙的钢筋，不能在钢筋骨架上站立或攀登上下。绑扎2m以上的柱钢筋，还需在柱的周围搭设作业平台。2m以下的钢筋，可在地面或楼面上绑扎，然后竖立。Forsuspendedoperationsofsteelbarbindingandsteelframeinstallation,anoperatingplatformandasafetynetmustbeerected.Thesteelbarsofthesuspendedgirdersarebound,andtheconstructionworkersmuststandontheoperatingplatformtooperate.Thesteelbarsforbindingcolumnsandwallscannotstandorclimbupanddownonthesteelframe.Tobindthecolumnreinforcementbarsofmorethan2m,itisnecessarytosetupaworkingplatformaroundthecolumn.Steelbarsbelow2mcanbetiedonthegroundorfloorandthenerected.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

3.混凝土浇筑的安全防护

（3）Safetyprotectionforconcretepouring

(1)浇筑离地面高度2m以上的框架、过梁、雨篷和小平台等，需搭设操作平台，不得站在模板或支撑杆件上操作。

Whenpouringframes,lintels,awningsandsmallplatformswithaheightofmorethan2mabovetheground,anoperationplatformshallbeerected,andoperationshallnotbecarriedoutontheformworkorsupportrods.

第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(2)浇筑拱形结构，应自两边拱角对称地相向进行。浇筑储仓，下口应先行封闭，并搭设脚手架以防人员坠落。

Thepouringofthearchedstructureshouldbecarriedoutsymmetricallyfrombothsidesofthearchangle.Whenpouringthestoragesilo,theloweropeningshouldbeclosedfirst,andscaffoldshouldbeerectedtopreventpeoplefromfalling.

(3)特殊情况下进行浇筑，如无安全设施，必须系好安全带，并扣好保险钩或架设安全网防护。

Forpouringunderspecialcircumstances,ifthereisnosafetyfacility,thesafetyharnessmustbefastened,andthesafetyhookshouldbefastenedorasafetynetshouldbeerectedforprotection.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

4.支搭和拆卸模板时的安全防护

（4）

Safetyprotectionforsupportinganddismantlingformwork

(1)支撑和拆卸模板，应按规定的作业程序进行。前一道工序所支的模板未固定前，不得进行下一道工序。严禁在连接件和支撑件上攀登上下，并严禁在上下同一垂直面上装、卸模板。结构复杂的模板，其装、卸应严格按照施工组织设计的措施规定执行。支大空间模板的立柱的竖、横向拉杆必须牢固稳定。防止立柱走动发生坍塌等事故。

Supportinganddismantlingtheformworkshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththeprescribedoperatingprocedures.Beforethetemplatesupportedbythepreviousprocessisfixed,thenextprocessshallnotbecarriedout.Itisstrictlyforbiddentoclimbupanddownontheconnectorsandsupports,anditisstrictlyforbiddentoloadandunloadtheformworkonthesameverticalplane.Forformworkwithcomplexstructure,theloadingandunloadingshouldbestrictlyimplementedinaccordancewiththemeasuresdesignedbytheconstructionorganization.Theverticalandhorizontaltierodsofthecolumnssupportingthelargespaceformworkmustbefirmandstable,preventingaccidentssuchascollapseofthecolumnwhenwalking.

第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

(2)支设高度在2m以上的柱模板，四周应设斜撑，并设有操作平台。低于2m的可使用马凳操作。

Thecolumnformworkwithaheightofmorethan2mshallbeprovidedwithdiagonalbracesandanoperatingplatform.Ahorsebenchcanbeusedforthosebelow2m.第二节临边、洞口、攀登、悬空作业安全防护要求

Section2SafetyProtectionRequirementsforLimb,Opening,ClimbingandSuspendedOperations

5.门窗工程悬空作业的安全操作规定

（5）Safetyoperationregulationsforsuspendedoperationsofdoorsandwindows

进行高处窗户、玻璃安装和油漆作业时，操作人员的重心应位于室内，并系好安全带进行操作。Whenworkingonhighwindows,glazingandpainting,theoperator'scenterofgravityshouldbelocatedindoorsandtheoperatorshouldwearasafetyharness.第三节

操作平台及交叉作业的安全技术要求

Section3SafetyandTechnology

RequirementsforOperationPlatformandCrossOperations一、操作平台的安全技术要求

1.Safetyandtechnologyrequirementsforoperatingplatforms

移动式操作平台的面积不应超过10㎡，高度不应超过5m

Theareaofthemobileoperatingplatformshouldnotexceed10㎡,andtheheightshouldnotexceed5m二、交叉作业的安全技术要求2.Safetyandtechnologyrequirementsforcrossoperations

(1)钢模板拆除后其临边堆放处应离楼层边沿不小于1m，且堆放高度不得超过1m。楼层边口、通道口、脚手架边缘处，严禁堆放任何拆下物件。

Afterthesteelformworkisremoved,itsedgestackingshallbenolessthan1mawayfromtheflooredge,andthestackingheightshallnotexceed1m.Itisstrictlyforbiddentostackanydismantledobjectsattheedgeofthefloor,theentranceofthepassage,andtheedgeofthescaffold.

(2)结构施工自2层起，凡人员进出的通道口(包括井架、施工用电梯的进出通.道口)，均应搭设安全防护棚。高度超过24m的层次上的交叉作业，应设双层防护。Fromthe2ndfloorofthestructureconstruction,allthepassages(includingderricksandconstructionelevators'entrancesandexits)forpersonnelentryandexitshallbeequippedwithsafetyprotectionsheds.Double-layerprotectionshallbeprovidedforcrossoperationsonlevelswithaheightofmorethan24m.第四节

建筑施工安全“三宝”的检验及使用要求

Section4InspectionandUseRequirementsforthe"ThreeTreasures"ofConstructionSafety

安全三宝”是指安全帽、安全带、安全网。

"Threetreasuresofsafety"referstosafetyhelmets,safetyharness,andsafetynets.一、安全帽

1.Safetyhelmets

安全帽是用来避免或减轻外来冲击和碰撞对手头部造成伤害的防护用品。使用中应注意以下几点：

Safetyhelmetsareprotectiveequipmentusedtoavoidormitigateexternalimpactsandcollisionstoheadandhands.Thefollowingpointsshouldbepaidattentiontowhenusing