2025年高考英语复习知识清单（全国）专题39 阅读理解之猜测词义题（练案）解析版

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单

专题39阅读理解之猜测词义题（练案）解析版

（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）

目录

一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情P1

二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图P2

三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练10例P2

四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟20篇P6

【名校模拟一：单词类猜测词义题】P6

【名校模拟二：短语类猜测词义题】P16

【名校模拟三：句子类猜测词义题】P26

【名校模拟四：代词类猜测词义题】P38

一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情

2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计

卷别细节理解题猜测词义题推理判断题主旨大意题

2024新课标I卷9141

2024新课标II卷9141

2023新课标I卷6171

2023新课标II卷6171

2022新课标I卷8241

2022新课标II卷8241

2024全国甲卷7161

2023全国甲卷8151

2023全国乙卷5181

2022全国甲卷8133

2022全国乙卷10131

二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图

三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练

【真题演练01】（2023浙江1月卷第24题）

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtolivea

moresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.

24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Shareanapartmentwithyou.B.Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.

C.Transformyourwayofliving.D.Helpyoutomakethedecision.

24.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,

noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyto(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人

都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfind

encouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeina

not-always-supportivehousehold.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你

的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，

可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jumponthatbandwagon与Joinyou

inwhatyou’redoing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。

【真题演练02】（2023浙江1月卷第29题）

Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocuments

andprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Such

wrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,

professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastage

atwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?

A.Arguments.B.Doubts.C.Errors.D.Differences.

29.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakes

sentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadto

thekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(尽管ProjectDebater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库

和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“willnodoubt

beironedout(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词

wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。

【真题演练03】（2022新高考I卷第30题）

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

30.C。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常

欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one

ofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin

(开始)”含义相近。故选C。

【真题演练04】（2022新高考II卷第30题）

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedfor

thestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoing

tobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

30.D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我

们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“Ifthe

Textalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecell

phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变

的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故

something指代的是法律。故选D。

【真题演练05】（2022全国甲卷第28题）

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancing

andhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.

C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.

28.A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,she

touredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但

一直渴望进一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,(当她不

再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的

事情。由此推知，划线词组taketheplunge与trychallengingthings“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。

故选A。

【真题演练06】（2021新高考I卷第30题）

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithan

astonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.

Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartof

theseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverly

ambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,

greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

29．词句猜测题。根据第一段“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.

Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealarge

partoftheseresources.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和

定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的

自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destroy

同义。故选C。

【真题演练07】（2021新高考II卷第30题）

Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewere

asleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthe

morningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.

25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?

A.Behavebadly.B.Losetheirway.C.Sleepsoundly.D.Misstheirmom.

25.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouse

duringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（随着

它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大

房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupside

down,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动

物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时

发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。

【真题演练08】（2021全国甲卷第29题）

Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuous

crashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeour

ownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,when

tryingacertaintrickonthebeam（横杆）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,

helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,

shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.

29.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?

A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry!

29.B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才

是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此

他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。

【真题演练09】（2021全国乙卷第25题）

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonly

ontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(调查).OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcede

thatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhilea

further13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.

25.A。词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固

定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it'snot

reallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhilea

further13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障

——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认

为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们

应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。

【真题演练10】（2020全国I卷第25题）

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningI

attachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkis

thehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt.B.Reward.

C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.

26.B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美

妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthe

highestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，

由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。

四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟

【名校模拟一：生词类猜测词义题】

（2024·重庆·三模）Handwritingnotesinclassmightseemoutdatedassmartphonesandotherdigital

technologycovereveryaspectoflearningacrossschoolsanduniversities.Butasteadystreamofresearch

continuestosuggestthattakingnotesthetraditionalwayisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoung

children.Andnowscientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.

Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScience

andTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputer

weretypingwithoutthinking.“Itkindofgoesinthroughyourearsandcomesoutthroughyourfingertips,butyou

don’tprocesstheincominginformation,”shesays.Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowrite

everythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit—prioritizeit,

consolidateitandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingontoexisting

knowledgecanmakeiteasiertostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.

Tounderstandspecificbrainactivitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theresearchers

sewedelectrodes(电极)intoahairnetwith256sensorsthatrecordedthebrainactivityof36studentsasthey

wroteortyped15wordsfromthegamePictionarythatweredisplayedonascreen.

Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrain

regions.Typing,however,ledtominimalactivity,ifany,inthesameareas.Handwritingsetoffconnection

patternscoveringvisualregions,whichreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(运动皮层).

Thelatterhandlesbodymovementandsensorimotorintegration,whichhelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputs

toinformaperson’snextaction.

SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,

“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconcept

andhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”

1．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewresearch?

A．Itisaninitialstudyonnote-taking.

B．Itoffersanewnote-takingmethod.

C．Itfindstheevidenceforpreviousfinding.

D．Itintroduceshowtotakenoteseffectively.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consolidate”probablymeaninparagraph2?

A．Integrate.B．Demonstrate.C．Obtain.D．Share.

3．Whathappensinthebrainwhentakingnotesbyhand?

A．Visualsystemsarelackinginactivities.

B．Somebrainareasarehighlyinvolved.

C．Sensoryinformationisprocessedrapidly.

D．Themotorcortexacceptsvisualinformation.

4．WhatisSophiaVinci-Booher’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?

A．Approving.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.

【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．A

【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现手写比打字更加有助于记忆和学习，解释了背后的原因

是手写笔记需要积极参与和处理信息。

1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Andnowscientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.(现在科学家们终于找到了原

因)”和第二段“Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegian

UniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeople

takingnotesbycomputerweretypingwithoutthinking.(挪威科技大学的奥黛丽•范德米尔和鲁德•范德韦尔

的这项新研究是在2014年的一项基础研究的基础上进行的，该研究表明，用电脑做笔记的人是在不加思

考地打字)”可知，新的研究是基于2014年研究的结果找寻背后的原因。故选C。

2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowriteeverything

down;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit(但是当用手记笔

记时，通常不可能把所有的东西都写下来;学生们必须积极地关注传入的信息，并对其进行处理)”以及后文

“itandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.”可知，用手写方式记笔记通常不能记下所有的内容。

学生需要对知识进行消化，然后记下要点。因此consolidate应该属于“处理”信息的过程，即过程是：先

把信息优先排序，然后整合这些信息，并尝试将其与之前学过的知识联系起来。故划线词意思是“整合”。

故选A。

3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespread

connectivityacrossmanybrainregions.(当学生手写单词时，传感器检测到大脑许多区域的广泛连接)”可知，

当用手写方式记笔记时，大脑多个区域相连接并产生活动。故选B。

4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceat

VanderbiltUniversity,says,“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingor

drawingit,thisstrengthenstheconceptandhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”(范德比尔特大学教育脑科学助

理教授索菲亚•文西-布尔说：“人们可能没有意识到，当他们通过书写或绘画将某件事具体化时，这加强了

概念，并有助于它留在他们的记忆中。”)”可知，她认为此项研究证实了用手写方式记笔记可以强化所接

收的观点，同时增强大脑对知识的记忆，即对新研究是支持态度。故选A。

（2024·云南曲靖·二模）Flyonalamponasummereveningand,withinminutes,insectswillbeginto

gathernearthelamp.Thisbehaviorhasgivenrisetoapopularsimile(比喻)thatdescribesattraction:“likeamoth

(蛾)toaflame.”Thoughinsectshavebeen“drawn”towardbrightlightsourcesforalongtime,scientistsnever

trulyunderstoodwhy.Now,theymayfinallyhaveananswer.

Insectsaren’tattractedtoartificiallights,accordingtoanewpaperpublishedTuesdayinthejournalNature

Communications.Rather,theglow(光)mightbeinterferingwiththeirnaturalsenseofdirection.Theinsectsyou

seecirclingstreetlights,inotherwords,arelikelylost.

Thenewfindingdependsonatheoryaboutnavigation.Wheninsectsfly,theycanexperiencewholebody

accelerationuptofivetimesgreaterthantheaccelerationcausedbygravity.Assuch,itcanbedifficultforthemto

knowwhichwayisupandwhichwayisdownastheyflythroughtheair.

Thestudyauthorssuspectinsectsrelyontheglowcomingfromstars,planetsandthemoontoreorient(定

方向)themselves.FormostofEarth’shistory,theskywasthebrightestsourceoflightatnight,soflyinginsects

turnedtheirbodiestomaketheirbacksfaceskyward.Butthen,artificiallightenteredthepicture.

Toreachtheseconclusions,scientistsusedhigh-resolutioncamerastofilminsectsflyingaroundartificial

lightsinCostaRica.Theyalsoattachedtinysensorstodragonfliesandmoths,thenfilmedmotion-capturevideos

oftheminflight.Together,thesemethodsallowedresearcherstoslowdowntheinsects’normallyfastpaceand

studytheirmovementsingreaterdetail.Thefootageshowedinsectsturningtheirbackstowardsourcesof

artificiallight—evenatthepriceofcrashing.

Ifthelight’sabovethem,theymightstartorbitingit.Whentheyflydirectlyoveralight,theyfly

themselvesupsidedownandthatcanleadtocrashes.Itreallysuggeststhatthemothisconfusedastowhichway

isup.Afterrunningsomeexperiments,researchersdeterminedthatlightshiningstraightdownprovidedtheleast

disruptiontoinsects’flight.Lightsthatpointedstraightup,ontheotherhand,causedthemostdifficulties.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“interfering”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A．Disturbing.B．Boosting.C．Restoring.D．Balancing.

6．Whatcanweinferabouttheinsects?

A．Bodyaccelerationweakensfortheminflight.

B．Lightfromstarsisharmfultotheirnavigation.

C．Theyoftenflyataveryslowspeed.

D．Theyflywiththeirbacksfacinglight.

7．Whatcausesminimumharmtoinsects’flight?

A．Lightpointingupward.B．Lightpointingbackward.

C．Lightshiningdownward.D．Lightshiningforward.

8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．IsItGoodtoBeLikeaMothtoaFlame?

B．WhydoFlyingInsectsGathernearLight?

C．HowFastCanInsectsFlyatNight?

D．HowdoesInsectFlightEvolve?

【答案】5．A6．D7．C8．B

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了飞虫会在光源周围聚集的原因。

5．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Insectsaren’tattractedtoartificiallights(昆虫不会被人造光吸引)”及转

折词“Rather(相反)”及后文“Theinsectsyouseecirclingstreetlights,inotherwords,arelikelylost.(换句话

说，你看到的环绕路灯的昆虫很可能已经消失了)”可知，人造光会干扰昆虫的自然方向感，划线词意思为

“干扰”，与disturbing意思相近。故选A。

6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“FormostofEarth’shistory,theskywasthebrightestsourceoflightat

night,soflyinginsectsturnedtheirbodiestomaketheirbacksfaceskyward.(在地球历史上的大部分时间

里，天空是夜晚最明亮的光源，所以飞虫会把身体转向，让背对着天空)”可推知，昆虫飞行的时候背对着

光。故选D。

7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Afterrunningsomeexperiments,researchersdeterminedthatlight

shiningstraightdownprovidedtheleastdisruptiontoinsects’flight.(在进行了一些实验后，研究人员确定，

直射下来的光线对昆虫飞行的干扰最小)”可知，直射下来的光线对于昆虫飞行干扰最小。故选C。

8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Flyonalamponasummereveningand,withinminutes,insectswillbegin

togathernearthelamp.(在夏天的晚上，在一盏灯上飞行，几分钟内，昆虫就会开始聚集在灯附近)”及

“Thoughinsectshavebeen“drawn”towardbrightlightsourcesforalongtime,scientistsnevertruly

understoodwhy.Now,theymayfinallyhaveananswer.(虽然很长一段时间以来，昆虫一直被明亮的光源

“吸引”，但科学家们从未真正理解其中的原因。现在，他们可能终于有了答案)”可知，本文为一篇科普说

明文，介绍了飞虫会在光源周围聚集的原因，B选项“为什么飞虫会聚集在光线附近？”最符合本文标题。

故选B。

（2024·四川德阳·三模）ThebluewhaleholdsthecurrentrecordasthelargestcreaturetoliveonEarth,

butacollectionofbonesfoundinPerumightbreakthatrecord.Researchershaveidentifiedawhalespecies

calledPerucetuscolossusinthepublicationNature.Bonesfromthisspecies,includingbackbonesweighingover

100kilogramseachandribsmeasuringnearly1.4meterslong,werefoundbyMarioUrbinain2012intheIca

desert.

Theareawheretheboneswerefoundwasonceunderwater,makingitarichsourceofoceanfossils.The

findresultedin13backbonevertebrae(脊椎),fourribsandahipbone.Thelargefossilsdatebacktoaround39

millionyearsago.AlbertoCollareta,aleadwriterofthestudy,describedthefossilsasunlikeanythinghehadever

seenbefore.

Theresearchersused3Dscannerstostudythebones’surfaceandalsolookedinside.Basedonthe

incompleteskeleton,theteamestimatedthattheancientcreatureweighedsomewherebetween85and340metric

tons.Comparatively,thelargestbluewhalesfoundfellwithinthatrange,ataround180metrictons.ThePerucetus

colossusmeasuredabout20meterslong,whilebluewhalescanreach30metersinlength.Thismeansthenewly

discoveredwhalewas“feasiblytheheaviestanimalever,”saidAlbertoCollareta.Butheadded,“itwasmost

likelynotthelongestanimalever.”

Interestingly,thedensityandweightofthePerucetuscolossus’bonesweremuchhigherthanthoseofa

bluewhale.Thissuggeststhatthecolossalwhalemayhaveinhabitedshallowercoastalwaters,similartoother

coastalanimalswithheavybones.

Anotherresearcher,Amson,said,withouttheskull,itishardtoknowwhatthewhalewaseatingtosupport

suchahugebody.Itispossiblethatthelargecreaturesoughtfoodalongtheseafloor,theresearcherssaid.Orit

couldhaveeatenuptonsofsmallersealifeintheocean.Swiesen,apaleontologist,addedthathewouldnotbe

surprised“ifthisthingactuallyfedinatotallydifferentwaythatwewouldneverimagine.”

9．WhatdoParagraphs1and2say?

A．MassiveprehistoricoceanicboneswereunearthedinPeru.

B．Peruwasconsideredtobeaplacerichinancientwhales.

C．ResearchersfoundthebonesunderwaterinPeruwaters.

D．Anewfindingofboneswasmadeaboutthewhalefamily.

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasibly”inParagraph3probablymean?

A．Barely.B．Possibly.

C．Actually.D．Undoubtedly.

11．WhatareresearchersuncertainaboutasforPerucetuscolossus?

A．Itsweight.B．Itslength.

C．Itsfeedingbehavior.D．Itsnaturalhabitat.

12．Whichisasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A．AnAncientWhaleMayBeHeaviestAnimalEverFound

B．AWhaleSpeciesUncoverstheDiversityofMarineLife

C．TheFossilDiscoveryinPeruPuzzlesWorldResearchers

D．TheBackbonesGiveNewInsightsabouttheBlueWhale

【答案】9．D10．B11．C12．A

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为Perucetuscolossus的巨大鲸鱼化石的发现，这种鲸鱼

可能是地球上有史以来最重的动物。

9．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句“ResearchershaveidentifiedawhalespeciescalledPerucetus

colossusinthepublicationNature.（研究人员在《自然》杂志上确认了一种名为Perucetuscolossus的鲸

鱼物种。）”以及第二段最后一句“AlbertoCollareta,aleadwriterofthestudy,describedthefossilsasunlike

anythinghehadeverseenbefore.（该研究的主要作者AlbertoCollareta称这些化石与他以前见过的任何

化石都不同。）”可知，这两段主要介绍了关于鲸鱼家族的一个新发现。故选D项。

10．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Butheadded,“itwasmostlikelynotthelongestanimalever.”

（但他补充说，“它很可能不是有史以来最长的动物。”）”可知，AlbertoCollareta认为这头鲸鱼feasibly

是有史以来最重的动物，但很可能不是有史以来最长的动物。由此可推知，feasibly应意为“可能地”，与

possibly意思相近。故选B项。

11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Anotherresearcher,Amson,said,withouttheskull,itishardto

knowwhatthewhalewaseatingtosupportsuchahugebody.（另一位研究人员Amson说，没有头骨，很

难知道这头鲸鱼吃什么来支撑如此巨大的身体。）”可知，研究人员对Perucetuscolossus的进食行为不确

定。故选C项。

12．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章第三段最后一句“Thismeansthenewlydiscoveredwhalewas

“feasiblytheheaviestanimalever,”saidAlbertoCollareta.（这意味着新发现的鲸鱼“可能是有史以来最重

的动物”，AlbertoCollareta说。）”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新发现的鲸鱼物种Perucetuscolossus，它

可能是有史以来最重的动物。A项“一种古老的鲸鱼可能是有史以来发现的最重的动物”适合作为文章标题。

故选A项。

（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Scarcityisacommonconditionofhumanexistence.Everydaycircumstances

oflimitedresourcescanmakeindividualsexperienceasenseofscarcity.Scarcityfunctionslikeanobstacleto

goalpursuit,whichintensifythevalueofgoal.

Scarcityprioritizesourchoicesanditcanmakeusmoreeffective.Thetimepressureofadeadlinefocuses

ourattentiononusingwhatwehavemosteffectively.Whenwehavelittletimeleft,wetrytogetmoreoutof

everymoment.Forexample,wearemorefrugalwiththetoothpasteasthetubestartstorunempty,andcollege

seniorstendtogetthemostoutoftheirtimebeforegraduation.

Manystoresstrategicallycreateperceptionofscarcitytomotivateconsumerbehavior.Forexample,the

pricingpracticeoflimitingnumberofitemsperpersoncanleadtoincreasedsales.Thesignimpliesthattheitems

areinshortsupplyandthefearofmissingoutcanhaveapowerfuleffectonshoppers.

Foranitemthatisattractivetobeginwith,itsattractivenesswillintensifywhenitisscarce.Forinstance,

warninglabelsonviolenttelevisionprograms,designedtodecreaseinterest,oftenbackfireandincreasein

watchingtheprograms.

Thescarcityeffectexplainswhyshynessoftenisconsideredanattractiveattribute?Expertssaythat

“playinghardtoget”isamosteffectivestrategyforattractingapartner,especiallyi