2025年高考英语复习知识清单（全国）专题40 阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）解析版

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单

专题40阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）解析版

（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）

目录

一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情P1

二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图P2

三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练（片段式）10例P3

四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（片段式）10例P6

五、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（21篇）P8

【名校模拟一：态度推断题】P8

【名校模拟二：预测下段题】P13

【名校模拟三：文体推断题】P18

【名校模拟四：文章出处题】P22

【名校模拟五：写作意图题】P26

【名校模拟六：活动评价题】P30

【名校模拟七：写作手法题】P35

一、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情

2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计

卷别细节理解题推理判断题推理判断题主旨大意题

2024新课标I卷9141

2024新课标II卷9141

2023新课标I卷6171

2023新课标II卷6171

2022新课标I卷8241

2022新课标II卷8241

2024全国甲卷7161

2023全国甲卷8151

2023全国乙卷5181

2022全国甲卷8133

2022全国乙卷10131

二、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图

三、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练（片段式）

【真题演练01】(2022新课标I卷第24题)

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanice

greensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinner

invitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihad

unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.

B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.

D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

24.B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我们

大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,I

hadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但随着时间的

推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，

作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。

【真题演练02】(2022新课标I卷第28题)

Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’s

wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincare

homeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.

B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.

D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.

28.D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善

老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。

【真题演练03】(2022新课标I卷第31题)

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

31.A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常

欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn

Lewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreally

helpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩•

刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”

可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。

【真题演练04】(2022新课标II卷第28题)

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshave

triedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

28.A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,

andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheir

phoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动

也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustabout

anymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，

大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方

法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。

【真题演练05】(2022新课标II卷第35题)

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreat

start.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhich

aspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

35.C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlarger

groupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.(但

这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”

可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。

【真题演练06】(2022全国甲卷第35题)

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.

“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,the

Greekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwitha

driveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

35.A推理判断题根据倒数第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.

可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中Anthony的观点...afoundationbuilton

ancientcultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony

认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。

【真题演练07】(2022全国乙卷第25题)

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanket

ofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarrive

attheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

25.D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittle

privacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他们和一个当

地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层

雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，

女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。

【真题演练08】(2022全国乙卷第35题)

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingby

raisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgeneration

tohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

35.B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthe

positiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthier

eatinginschools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和

健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。

【真题演练09】(2021新课标I卷第33题)

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbad

purposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbestto

helpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnot

necessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.

33.B。推理判断题。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthat

canbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对

这一概念的解释。

【真题演练10】(2021新课标I卷第33题)

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectof

thispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothers

interestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublic

andresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

34.A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“theauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可

定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfarahead

ofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthan

harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和

“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。

四、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（片段式）

【名校模拟01】Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),

anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.

1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.

A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform

1.A。作者一是想读者说明这份报纸上指登载负面新闻，如凶杀行贿受贿、死亡等，二是字里行间留出作

者的抱怨情绪，故选A。

【名校模拟02】Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfind

ourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereis

toomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessand

bringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhave

somefunlaughingtogether.

2.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?

A.PositiveB.CriticalC.SatisfiedD.Indifferent

2.A。从文中最后一段不难看出，作者觉得现在的世界有太多的悲伤，有时候甚至可以把人逼疯，所以作

者对现在的世界是持一种批判的态度。

【名校模拟03】Thetheoriesofmodernpsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedsof

ourchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedassuch.

Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,andagoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?“Education”

becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists.Whathappensthen?

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthetheoriesofmodernpsychology?

A.UninterestedB.TolerantC.SatisfiedD.Critical

3.D。由最后一段的句子Frequentlythemodernmethodsaresocomplicatedthattheyfailtobeunderstood

bytheteachers,letalonethechildren;可知，作者认为现代的方式太复杂，以至于他们无法被老师理解，更

不用说孩子们。因此推断作者对于现代教育方式持批判的态度。

【名校模拟04】Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasbecomesmaller.It’snowa

“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,our

abilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyincreasedbyforeignlanguageskills.

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?

A.CriticalB.PrejudicedC.Indifferent.D.Positive

4.D。根据文章第一段中And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationequipment

isgreatlyimprovedbyforeignlanguageskills.可以推测作者对高科技交流设备是持积极态度。

【名校模拟05】(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfar

aheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthan

harmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionby

employers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotional

intelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowthey

servepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

【答案及解析】

5.A。观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推知，

作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。

【名校模拟06】Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.It

bringsusbalance.Afteralongtimeofpracticeyoga,younolongerjustpracticeityouliveit.

Yogabecomespartofyourphysicallife.Yourbodygrowsstronger,moretoned,andmoreflexibleas

youmovefromoneasanaorposetoanother…

Yogabecomespartofyourmentallife.Yogateachesyoutofocusonbreathingwhileyouholdtheposes.

Thisattentiontobreathiscalming;itdissolvesstressandanxiety...

6.Whatwillbetalkedaboutifthispassagecontinues?

A.Yogabecomingpartofyourspirituallife.

B.Yogabecomingpopularallovertheworld.

C.Thedisadvantagesofyoga.

D.Encouragingpeopletodoyoga.

6.A。Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.文章第一句点名

瑜伽三大好处；第二三段分别提及body,mind，最后一段应该谈论spirit。

【名校模拟07】Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatis

createdwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoaland

gaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisa

globalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.

7.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Theadvantageofwindpower.

B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.

C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.

D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.

7.D。根据文章第三段最后一句“Today，thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofour

electricitythroughtheuseofwind.”可以推断下一步就要涉及风能在全世界的开发利用趋势，即“The

globaltrend(趋势)towardsproducingpowerfromwind.”。因此D项正确。

【名校模拟08】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedin

thewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergy

GroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.

8.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.

A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwaves

B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor’simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

8.B。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或者简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,往往都是为了引出主题

(todrawthereaders’attentiontothetopic/toserveasanintroductiontothediscussion)。

【名校模拟09】Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”

fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferent

participantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbe

prettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopesto

makeittomarketinthenearfuture.

9.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

9.D。推理判断题。解析：本段关键字technology所以介绍科技类文章比较可能选自杂志，因此选择D.A

magazine.（当然本文综合全文更好。）

【名校模拟10】Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthe

childrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.

Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearn

toboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.

10.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics

10.A。推理判断题。Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.He

wantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.让孩子们学会夸耀自己，所以选择Ahelp

studentsseetheirownstrengths（长处，优点。）

五、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（21篇）

【名校模拟一：态度推断题】

（2024·浙江·模拟预测）AsmallstudypublishedWednesdaydocumentssignificantlyrestoredhearingin

fiveofsixkidstreatedinChina.“Hearinglossishardtorecover.That’swhywewerealwaystryingtodevelopa

therapy(疗法),”saidZheng-YiChen,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%of

cases.

Allthechildrenintheexperimentshaveaconditionthataccountsfor2%to8%ofinherited(遗传的)

deafness.It’scausedbymutations(变异)inageneresponsibleforaninnerearproteincalledotoferlin,which

helpshaircellstransmitsoundtothebrain.

ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.It

causednomajorsideeffects.Theyobservedthechildrenforaboutsixmonthsandcapturedpatients’progressin

videos.Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Ilove

you.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhad

completedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.

Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.ThePhiladelphiahospitalreportedthattheir

patient,AissamDam,isnowabletohearhisfather’svoiceandcarsontheroad.Dr.JohnGermiller,wholedthe

researchinPhiladelphiasaid,“Hishearingisimprovedfromastateofcompletedeafnesswithnosoundatallto

thelevelofmildhearingloss.”

ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindup

withperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Many

questionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthe

kids.”

1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A．TheresultofChen’stherapy.B．Theimpactofgenemutations.

C．Thetroubleofcuringhearingloss.D．Theanalysisofchildren’sdeafness.

2．Whatdomostparticipantsinthetworesearcheshaveincommon?

A．Theyshowedpositiveresponsetothetherapy.B．Theirpowerofspeechwaspartiallyregained.

C．Theirimprovementswererecordedbyvideos.D．Theyhadmildhearinglossafterthetreatment.

3．WhatisDr.LawrenceLustig’sattitudetowardthetherapy?

A．Dismissive.B．Objective.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.

4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．GeneTherapy:AHopefortheDeaf

B．DeafChildren:AConcernofSociety

C．Chen’sResearch:ABreakthroughinSurgery

D．InheritedDeafness:AChallengeforTreatment

【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．A

【导语】本文为说明文。这篇短文主要报道了中国一项小型研究，其中五个孩子在接受治疗后听力显著恢

复。这些儿童患有由基因突变导致的遗传性耳聋，研究团队通过手术向内耳输送了功能正常的基因副本，

治疗后孩子们能进行正常对话。尽管仍有许多问题待解，如治疗效果的持久性等，但这项成果和其他研究

一样，显示出恢复听力损失的积极前景。

1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesare

responsibleforupto60%ofcases.(全球有3400万儿童患有耳聋或听力损失，高达60%的病例是由基因引

起的。)”可知，第二段主要是对儿童耳聋情况的分析。故选D。

2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,

grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.But

thefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwith

others.(其中一个视频显示，一个小女孩在治疗13周后重复着父亲、母亲、祖母、姐姐和“我爱你”。他们

不知道为什么治疗对其中一人无效。但其他五个人以前完全失聪，现在可以听到定期的对话并与他人交

谈。)”及第五段“Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.(先前其他研究的结果也同样

积极。)”可知，这两项研究的大多数参与者的共同点是他们对治疗有积极反应。故选A。

3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildrenin

thesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsispretty

astonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhether

hearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”(哥伦比亚大学的LawrenceLustig博士说：“尽管这些研究中

的孩子们最终并没有获得完美的听力，但这些孩子即使是轻微的听力损失恢复也相当惊人。”不过，他补

充道，“还有很多问题，比如治疗能持续多久，孩子们的听力是否会继续改善。”)”可知，LawrenceLustig

对这个疗法的态度是客观的。故选B。

4．主旨大意题。根据全文和第四段“ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgeneto

theinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.(陈的团队的治疗方法在手术中将该基因的

功能拷贝传递到内耳。它没有造成重大副作用。)”可知，文章主要介绍了通过基因治疗患有由基因突变导

致的遗传性耳聋的儿童。A项“基因治疗：聋人的希望”是最合适的标题。故选A。

（2024·重庆·三模）Handwritingnotesinclassmightseemoutdatedassmartphonesandotherdigitaltechnology

covereveryaspectoflearningacrossschoolsanduniversities.Butasteadystreamofresearchcontinuesto

suggestthattakingnotesthetraditionalwayisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Andnow

scientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.

Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScience

andTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputer

weretypingwithoutthinking.“Itkindofgoesinthroughyourearsandcomesoutthroughyourfingertips,butyou

don’tprocesstheincominginformation,”shesays.Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowrite

everythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit—prioritizeit,

consolidateitandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingontoexisting

knowledgecanmakeiteasiertostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.

Tounderstandspecificbrainactivitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theresearchers

sewedelectrodes(电极)intoahairnetwith256sensorsthatrecordedthebrainactivityof36studentsasthey

wroteortyped15wordsfromthegamePictionarythatweredisplayedonascreen.

Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrain

regions.Typing,however,ledtominimalactivity,ifany,inthesameareas.Handwritingsetoffconnection

patternscoveringvisualregions,whichreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(运动皮层).

Thelatterhandlesbodymovementandsensorimotorintegration,whichhelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputs

toinformaperson’snextaction.

SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,

“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconcept

andhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”

5．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewresearch?

A．Itisaninitialstudyonnote-taking.B．Itoffersanewnote-takingmethod.

C．Itfindstheevidenceforpreviousfinding.D．Itintroduceshowtotakenoteseffectively.

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consolidate”