2025年高考英语复习知识清单（全国）专题41 阅读理解之主旨大意题（讲案）原卷版

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单

专题41阅读理解之主旨大意题（讲案）原卷版

（快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟）

目录

一、阅读理解主旨大意题快问快答P1

二、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情P1

三、阅读理解主旨大意题命题特点P2

四、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图P3

五、阅读理解主旨大意题考法点拨P4

考法一：段落大意题P4

考法二：文章大意题P5

考法三：标题概括题P8

六、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练(7例)P11

七、阅读理解主旨大意题名校模拟(8篇)P16

模拟一：段落大意题P16

模拟二：文章大意题P18

模拟三：记叙文标题概括题P21

模拟四：说明文标题概括题P23

一、阅读理解主旨大意题快问快答

Q1：阅读理解主旨大意题有什么特点？

A1：主旨大意题属于阅读理解较难题型，每年必考，占1-2题，需要有较强的阅读理解能力和做题技能。

Q2：阅读理解主旨大意题做题步骤如何？

A2：一是“找词”--先从题干中提取关键性(题眼)，二是“定位”--寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句做好

标记，尤其是关注文章体裁、文章结构，三是“比对”--仔细比对四个选项与文中原句关系，确认属于哪

一种主旨大意题，关注干扰项“偷换概念”“无中生有”“张冠李戴”等命题手段去伪存真确定答案。

Q3：阅读理解主旨大意题有哪些考查方法？

A3：阅读理解主旨大意题有三大考查方向：一是段落大意题，二是文章大意题，三是标题概括题。

Q4：如何提高阅读理解主旨大意题正答率？

A4：一要掌握阅读理解主旨大意题命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词

汇，三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累推理判断经验，掌握主旨大意题整体阅读这一要旨，摸索出

一套行之有效的个性化做题模式，四要重视纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。

二、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情

主旨大意题目主要的考查形式：理解段落大意、把握全文主旨和拟定文章标题。该类题目在文章中没

有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的

主旨。

2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计

卷别细节理解题主旨大意题主旨大意题主旨大意题

2024新课标I卷9141

2024新课标II卷9141

2023新课标I卷6171

2023新课标II卷6171

2022新课标I卷8241

2022新课标II卷8241

2024全国甲卷7161

2023全国甲卷8151

2023全国乙卷5181

2022全国甲卷8133

2022全国乙卷10131

三、阅读理解主旨大意题命题特点

【设问特点】

特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及

推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。

特殊疑问句形式:以what等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及段落大意、文章大意或者标题概括等。

26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?（2024新课标I卷，段落大意题）

31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?（2024新课标II卷，文章大意题）

27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?（2024全国甲卷，标题概括题）

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?（2024浙江1月卷，标题概括题）

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?（2023全国乙卷，段落大意题）

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?（2022全国甲卷，文章大意题）

【选项规律】

正确选项特征

概括性涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段

覆盖性确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小

精确性精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩

模糊性不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词

干扰选项特征

主题扩大所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容

无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容

曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动

颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反

偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上

四、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图

五、阅读理解主旨大意题考法点拨

考法一：段落大意题

每一篇文段都要围绕一个特定的主题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落的结构也有一定的规律性。

做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用

这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。

【段落大意题干扰项特征】

1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。

3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。

4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。

【段落大意题两大抓手】

1.寻找段落主题句

解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句

或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在

后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这

种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落

的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。

2.确定段落关键词

段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。

【段落大意题思维导图】

【调研01】(2024新课标I卷第26题)

LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,

shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshe

wasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,

Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.

26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.

B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.

D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

【调研02】(2023新课标I卷第32题)

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.

Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveraged

together,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomake

thesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowds

requiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedor

dependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.

【调研03】(2023全国乙卷第32题)

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartof

humanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,

whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,

anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwriting

butinthings.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

考法二：文章大意题

文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思

想。该题型主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要

求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概

括或总结，属于高层次题。

【文章大意题答题策略】

题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意

技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主

旨大意，由此推断段落大意。

题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意

技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主

题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。

题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意

技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词:inbrief/short,allinall,

inconclusion,inaword等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。

题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意

技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。

题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题

技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。

【文章大意题思维导图】

【调研04】(2024新课标II卷第31题)

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoiceto

reducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudience

suchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweekly

supplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemis

automated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,

thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanew

pre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)from

transportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollute

traditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.

Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-use

plastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMF

employee.

28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?

A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.

C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.

29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Real-timeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.

30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.

B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.

DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF’smajorstrengths.B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF’sglobalinfluence.D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.

【调研05】(2022全国甲卷第31题)

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)

longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinni

wouldneverforget.

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancing

andhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventually

gettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minute

cheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouth

Americanmainland.“Ijustdecidedwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’t

nervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”

InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourney

towardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.

Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawa

humpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.You

couldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”

Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathit

hometoGinni.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.

C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.

29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?

A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.

C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.

30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?

A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.

C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.

C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

考法三：标题概括题

标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生

在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出

文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。

【标题概括题三大方法】

1.主题段法

标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，

知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。

2.主题句法

解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行

概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。

2.关键词法

任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，

即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

【标题概括题三大策略】

1.正面肯定法

在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。

2.反面否定法

撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬

者。

3.排除干扰法

研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发

读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。

【标题概括题思维导图】

【调研06】(2024全国甲卷B篇)

Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声

音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsare

specialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumans

usingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfind

food.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowing

startsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychoosea

placetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliar

smells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthe

future.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,which

theydon'tusuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswill

findrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkinds

ofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersare

justdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.

C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.

25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?

A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.

C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.

26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?

A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.

C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.

27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

【调研07】(2023新高考II卷B篇)

Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.

Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramat

fourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,and

healthylifestyles.

Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfast

foodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlarge

bottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”

Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.

UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchas

soiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesa

year,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.

Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosay

theywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.

Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthat

theybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohavea

calmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theyget

outside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”

24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?

A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.

C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.

25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?

A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.

C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.

26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?

A.Far-reaching.B.Predictable.

C.Short-lived.D.Unidentifiable.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLife

C.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape

七、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练

【真题演练01】（2022全国甲卷D篇）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscoveredits

harbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,

superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewhole

morningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewent

ourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.

“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’re

notfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsare

increasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,

Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”she

said.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthat

wearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.

“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,the

Greekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwitha

driveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?（段落大意题）

A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

【真题演练02】（2020全国III卷C篇）

Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesare

choosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“Wespoke

morewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”

AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,

IthinkIwould.”

It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeen

risingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogether

hadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;

manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of

25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerational

householdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.

InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhenthey

getmarried.

28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

30.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.

C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?（文章大意题）

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【真题演练03】（2021浙江卷B篇）

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes’walkfromhomewhere

neighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—

anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today’schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalf

hoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplansto

counterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveand

three,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson’sear

withoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,

appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasa

brandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWild

Networkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

"Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreally

interestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeing

outdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsend

themoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.

Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.

24.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor’schildren?

A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.

B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.

C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.

D.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.

25.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?

A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.

B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.

C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.

D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.

26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?（标题概括题）

A.LetChildrenHaveFun

B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime

C.MarketNaturetoChildren

D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

【真题演练04】（2020北京卷C篇）

Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgotten

techniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript(手稿)

consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious(神秘)ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesfor

hisownreco