2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题6　健康的生活方式(教师版)

话题6健康的生活方式Ⅰ.阅读理解FromthelushgreenhillyoucanseeLjubljana，thecapitalofSlovenia，inthedistance.Populationsofdeer，rabbitsandturtlelivehere.Theairiscleanandtheonlysignsthatwearestandingabovea24－metre(79feet)deeplandfillarethemethanegaspipesrisingfromthegrass.LjubljanaisthefirstEuropeancapitaltocommittogoingzero－waste.Butfifteenyearsago，allofitsrefusewentstraighttolandfill.“Andthatisexpensive，”saysNinaSankovicofVokaSnaga，thecity’swastemanagementcompany.“Ittakesupspaceandyou’rethrowingawayresources.”Sothecitydecidedtochangecourse.Itbeganin2002withseparatecollectionofpaper，glassandpackaginginRoadsidecontainerstands.Fouryearslaterthecitybegancollectingbiodegradablewastedoortodoor；separatecollectionofbiowasteissettobecomemandatoryacrossEuropein2023，butLjubljanawasnearlytwodecadesaheadofthecurve.In2013，everydoorstepinthecityreceivedbinsforpackagingandpaperwaste.And，mostcontroversially，scheduledcollectionsoftheresidualwastewerecutbyhalf—forcingpeopletoseparatetheirrubbishmoreefficiently.Theresultshavebeenimpressive.In2008，thecityrecycledonly29.3%ofitswasteandwaslaggingbehindtherestofEurope.Todaythatfigureis68%，anditslandfillreceivesalmost80%lessrubbish，puttingitatthetopofthecyclingleaderboardofEUcapitals.TheSloveniancapitalnowproducesonly115kgofresidualwastepercapitaannually(theEuropeancitywiththelowestfigureisthemuchsmallerTreviso，Italy，at59kg).【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了卢布尔雅那是第一个承诺实现零浪费的欧洲首都，介绍了其在垃圾处理方面所采取的措施和收获的成效。1.Whatistheusageofthepiperisingfromthegrass?A.Asigntoshowthereisadeeplandfill.B.Toemitgasrisingfromthegrass.C.Todischargemethanefromthedeeplandfill.D.Awaterpipetowatergrass.答案C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theairisclean...risingfromthegrass.”可知，从草里冒出来的管子作用是从深层垃圾填埋场排放甲烷。]2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mandatory”inParagraph4?A.Compulsory. B.Typical.C.Normal. D.Reasonable.答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Fouryearslaterthecitybegancollectingbiodegradablewastedoortodoor”以及画线词后文“acrossEuropein2023，butLjubljanawasnearlytwodecadesaheadofthecurve”可知，欧洲2023年才强制要求对生物垃圾进行单独收集，而卢布尔雅那在这方面领先了近20年。画线词意思是“强制性的”。]3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothechangeofLjubljana?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.答案A[观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者对卢布尔雅那的变化持支持态度。]4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythepassageappear?A.Society.B.Geographyeducation.C.Tourism.D.Environmentalprotection.答案D[文章出处题。根据第二段中的“LjubljanaisthefirstEuropeancapital...allofitsrefusewentstraighttolandfill.”以及倒数第二段可推知，文章可能选自“环境保护”版面。]Restrictingmealstoearlyinthedaydidnotaffectweightamongoverweightadultswithprediabetesordiabetes，accordingtoresearchpresentedattheAmericanHeartAssociation’sScientificSessions2020.“Wehavewonderedforalongtimeifwhenoneeatsduringthedayaffectsthewaythebodyusesandstoresenergy，”saidstudyauthorNisaM.Maruthur，associateprofessorofmedicineinJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore.“Mostpreviousstudieshavenotcontrolledthenumberofcalories，soitwasn’tclearifpeoplewhoateearlierjustatefewercalories.Inthisstudy，theonlythingwechangedwasthetimeofdayofeating.”Maruthurandthecolleaguesfollowed41overweightadultsina12－weekstudy.Mostparticipants(90%)wereAfricanAmericanwomenwithprediabetesordiabetes，andaverageageof59years.Twenty－oneoftheadultsfollowedatime－restrictedeatingpattern，limitingeatingtospecifichoursofthedayandate80%oftheircaloriesbefore1pm.Theremaining20participantsateatusualtimesduringa12－hourwindow，consuminghalfoftheirdailycaloriesafter5pmfortheentire12weeks.Allparticipantsconsumedthesamepre－prepared，healthymealsprovidedforthestudy.Weightandbloodpressureweremeasuredatthebeginningofthestudy，thenat4weeks，8weeksand12weeks.Theanalysisfoundthatpeopleinbothgroupslostweightandhaddecreasedbloodpressureregardlessofwhentheyate.“Wethoughtthatthetime－restrictedgroupwouldlosemoreweight，”Maruthursaid.“Yetthatdidn’thappen.Wedidnotseeanydifferencesinweightlossforthosewhoatemostoftheircaloriesearlierversuslaterintheday.Wedidnotseeanyeffectsonbloodpressureeither.”Theresearchersarenowcollectingmoredetailedinformationonbloodpressurerecordedover24hours，andtheywillbecompilingthisinformationwiththeresultsofastudyontheeffectsoftime－restrictedfeedingonbloodsugar，insulinandotherhormonesandmakinganalysesonthefindings.“Together，thesefindingswillhelpustomorefullyunderstandtheeffectsoftime－restrictedeatingoncardiometaboliehealth，”Maruthursaid.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明，能量摄入时间的早晚对减肥没有什么影响。文章介绍了研究过程以及研究的发现。5.Whatmadethestudydifferentfromearlierones?A.Participants’age.B.Participants’dailyeatingtime.C.Thenumberofparticipants.D.Theresearchmembers.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inthisstudy，theonlythingwechangedwasthetimeofdayofeating.”可知，参与者每日进食时间让这项研究与之前的研究不同。]6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocedure. B.Theresearchresult.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchinstitution.答案A[段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，它主要讲的是研究过程。]7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Bloodpressureisconnectedwitheatingtime.B.Absorbinglesscaloriesearliermakesforweightloss.C.Eatingtimedeterminestheeffectoflosingweight.D.Takingincaloriesearlierdoesn’timpactweightloss.答案D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Wethoughtthatthetime－restrictedgroup...Wedidnotseeanyeffectsonbloodpressureeither.”可推知，早吸收卡路里不会影响减肥。]8.Whatmaytheresearchersdonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Stopresearch. B.Announcefindings.C.Analyzedata. D.Writeessays.答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theresearchersarenowcollecting...andotherhormonesandmakinganalysesonthefindings.”可推知，研究人员下一步可能分析数据。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·山东省烟台市一模)Someyearsago，Iwasstuckonacrosstownbusduringrushhour.Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople1withoneanother.Twomen2ateachotherforanunintentionalpush.Anelderlywomangoton，andnobodyofferedhera3.Angerwasintheair；no4couldbefoundhere.AsthebusapproachedSeventhAvenue，thedriver’swordscamefromthespeaker.“Folks，”hesaid.“Iknowyou’vehada(n)5dayandthatyouaredepressed，butIwill6.Wheneachofyouwalksbybeforegettingoff，dropyour7intomypalm(手掌).MyroutegoesrightbytheHudsonRiver，intowhichI’ll8them.”Itseemedasifaspellhadlifted.Everyoneburstoutlaughing，theirfacesshiningwith9.Thepassengerswhohadbeen10eachother’sexistenceweresuddenlygrinning(咧嘴笑)ateachother—isthisguyserious?Atthenextstop，justas11，thedriverheldouthishand，palmup，andwaited.Allthe12passengersperformedthegestureofdroppingsomethingintohispalm.Thedriver13thesameactionateverystopthatfollowed.Occasionallywemaysinkintoagreyworld，butsomeonecan14itlikearayoflight，showingushope.Whatifwearethelight？15，anyonepossessesthepowertoshineonothers’darkdays.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，主要讲的是一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充满希望。1.A.satisfied B.associatedC.impressed D.annoyed答案D[satisfied满意的；associated联合的；相关的；impressed印象深刻的；annoyed生气；恼怒。根据上文“Someyearsago，Iwasstuckonacrosstownbusduringrushhour.”和下文“Angerwasintheair”可知，因交通高峰期被堵在路上，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。]2.A.waved B.noddedC.barked D.shot答案C[wave挥手；招手；nod点头；bark厉声质问；shoot射击。根据下文“anunintentionalpush”和“Angerwasintheair”可知，乘客都恼怒对方，两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。]3.A.reminder B.seatC.ride D.choice答案B[reminder引起回忆的事物；seat座位；ride(乘车或骑车的)短途旅程；choice选择。根据上文“Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople”和“Anelderlywomangoton”可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。]4.A.mercy B.fortuneC.courage D.security答案A[mercy仁慈；宽恕；fortune运气；courage勇气；security安全。根据上文“Anelderlywomangoton，andnobodyofferedhera”可知，这里没有慈悲可言。]5.A.tough B.averageC.important D.fruitful答案A[tough艰难的；棘手的；average平均的；important重要的；fruitful富有成效的。根据上文“tiredpeople”可知，句子表示“我知道你们今天过得很艰难”。]6.A.makecomments B.showupC.helpout D.takerisks答案C[makecomments发表评论；showup出现；显露；helpout帮助……做事；takerisks冒险。根据上文“youaredepressed”可知，此处表示“我会帮你们的”，空格处是“帮助……做事”，呼应下文讲司机想办法让乘客们开心。]7.A.memories B.troublesC.faults D.tips答案B[根据上文语境可知，疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱，导致车上弥漫着愤怒情绪，司机想缓和这种情况，所以司机是让乘客把他们的烦恼丢在他的掌心。]8.A.transform B.stretchC.accompany D.cast答案D[transform使改变形态；stretch拉长；伸展；accompany陪伴；cast投射；扔。根据上文“dropyourintomypalm”可知，此处表示把烦恼扔进河里。]9.A.envy B.greedC.pleasure D.pride答案C[envy羡慕；忌妒；greed贪婪；贪心；pleasure快乐；满意；pride自尊；自豪。根据上文“Everyoneburstoutlaughing”可知，每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。]10.A.suspecting B.ignoringC.expecting D.appreciating答案B[suspect怀疑；ignore忽视；不予理睬；expect预料；期待；appreciate欣赏；感激。根据上文“Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople”和下文“weresuddenlygrinning(咧嘴笑)ateachother”可知，乘客们一开始都很冷漠，不太可能会注意身边的人，司机提议后，一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了。]11.A.ordered B.promisedC.requested D.reported答案B[order命令；订购；promise允诺；答应；request要求；report报告。根据上文“WheneachofyouwalksbybeforegettingowhichI’llthem”和下文“thedriverheldouthishand，palmup，andwaited”可知，到了下一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着接乘客们的烦恼。]12.A.chosen B.fooledC.sitting D.exiting答案D[chosen精选的；fooled受愚弄的；sitting坐的；exiting正在离去的。根据上文“beforegettingoff”和下文“performedthegestureofdroppingsomethingintohispalm”可知，所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。]13.A.repeated B.designedC.interpreted D.evaluated答案A[repeat重复；design设计；interpret领会；说明；evaluate评估；估计。根据下文“thesameactionateverystopthatfollowed”可知，司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。]14.A.divide B.exploreC.reward D.brighten答案D[divide分割；explore探索；reward奖赏；奖励；brighten(使)更明亮。根据下文“likearayoflight”可知，总有人能像一线光明一样照亮我们的灰暗世界。]15.A.However B.InsteadC.Actually D.Consequently答案C[根据下文“anyonepossessesthepowertoshineonothers’darkdays”可知，事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子，就像司机所做的一样。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·浙江省绍兴市高三二模)EatingChinesefoodcanbebeneficialforyourhealth.Chinesedishesareoftenpackedwithvegetables，leanproteins，andhealthygrainslikericeandnoodles，which1.(make)themagreatsourceofvitamins，nutrients，andotheressential2.(mineral).Chinesefoodisalso3.(relative)inexpensive，makingitagreatoptionforeaters.Manydishescanbeeasilycustomizedtomeetdietaryrestrictionsorpreferences，andtakeoutoptionsmakeiteasy4.(enjoy)adeliciousmealwithoutspendingmuchtimeinthekitchen.Chinesefoodisoftenthoughtofasasingletypeofcuisine，5.thereareactuallymanydifferentregionalvariations.Cantonesecuisine6.(characterize)bylightandflavorfuldishesthatoftencontainseafoodwhileSzechuandishesareknown7.theirspicy(辛辣的)flavorings.Hunancuisineistypically8.(heavy)thanothers，incorporatingingredientslikechiliesandgarlic.Inconclusion，eatingChinesefoodcanbeanutritiousandeconomicwaytogetavarietyofflavorsandtexturesonyourplate.Withalittlebitofresearchandknowledge，