2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练高考题型组合练作业13　人与动植物类说明文

2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练高考题型组合练作业13人与动植物类说明文作业13人与动植物类说明文A(2020·全国Ⅰ)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%more①productivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina②one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduring③transmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.2．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A．Todetectplants’lackofwater.B．Tochangecompositionsofplants.C．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.3．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmade④pollution-free?语境猜词①productive(派)＝product＋ive②one-off(合)＝one＋off③transmission(派)＝transmi(t)＋ssion④pollution-free(合)＝pollution＋freeB(2023·全国甲)Grizzlybears，whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg，occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.Askthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthat①floodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee，andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange，”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore，they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheU．S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame，witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s，aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975，grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today，thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU．S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedto②de-listgrizzlies，whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswere③overturneddueto④lawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow，grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously，ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecometroublesome，sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodand⑤attractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean，attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits，”saysJamesJonkel，longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.5．HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A．Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B．Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C．Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D．TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.6．Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A．TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B．Theexpansionofbears’range.C．Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D．ThesupportofNativeAmericans.7.WhathasstoppedtheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicefromde-listinggrizzlies?A．Theoppositionofconservationgroups.B．Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.C．Thevoiceofthebiologists.D．Thelocalfarmers’advocates.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B．Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C．Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D．Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.语境猜词①flood熟义：n.洪水，水灾生义(文义)：v.②de-list(派)＝de＋list③overturn(合)＝over＋turn④lawsuit(合)＝law＋suit⑤attractant(派)＝attract＋antC(2024·江苏连云港高三二模)Thescienceofwhyinsectsgatheraroundlightsatnighthasneverbeennaileddown.Populartheoriesproposethatmothsandotherinsectsnavigate(确定方向)bythemoonandmistakelampsformoonlight，orthattheinsectsflytowardslighttoescapecomingdanger.Nowresearchersbelievetheyhaveamoreconvincinganswer:contrarytocurrenttheories，insectsarenotattractedtolightfromfaraway，butbecometrappediftheyflyclosetoanartificiallightsource.AccordingtoDrSamFabian，studyco-authorandImperialCollegeLondon①entomologist，mothsandmanyotherinsectsthatflyatnightevolvedtotilt(倾斜)theirbackstowhereverisbrightest.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears，thiswastheskyratherthantheground.Thetricktoldinsectswhichwaywasupandensuredtheyflewlevel.Butthencameartificiallighting.Mothsfoundthemselvestiltingtheirbackstostreetlamps.Thiscausedthemtocirclearoundthelampsendlessly，theinsectstrappedbytheirevolution.Fabianandhiscolleagues②filmedinsectflightpathsaroundlightsinthelab.Thevideosrevealthattimeandagain，mothsanddragonfliesturnedtheirbackstoartificiallights，whichappearedtogreatlychangetheirflightpaths.“Ifthelightisabovethem，theymightstartorbitingit，butifit’sbehindthem，theystarttiltingbackwardsandmayclimbupandupuntiltheyfall，”Fabiansaid.Researchershavelongwarnedthatlightpollutionisabigdrivingforceinthedramaticdeclineininsectpopulations.Mothsandotherinsectsthatbecometrappedaroundlampsbecomeeasilycaughtbybats.Theartificiallightingcanalsofoolthemintothinkingitisdaytime，causingthemtobeddownandskipanight’sfeeding.Thereare，Fabianbelieves，helpfullessonsfromtheresearch.“Whatthistellsusisthatthedirectionofartificiallightmatters.Couldwechangelightingenvironmentstonottrapinsects?Forwe’refacingamassivedeclineininsectsaroundtheworld，andartificiallightatnightisoneofthefactorsthatcouldpotentiallybeleadingtothisdecline，”Fabiansaid.9．Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“naileddown”inparagraph1mean?A．③Popularizedwidely. B．Discussedopenly.C．Definedaccurately. D．Exploredacademically.10．WhydomothscirclearoundthelampsendlesslyaccordingtoFabian’sstudy?A．Becausetheycan’tkeeptheirbalance.B．Becausetheyuseimproperflightattitude.C．Becausetheylosetrackofwhichwayisup.D．Becausetheyareattractedtolightsfromfaraway.11．Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfinding?A．Itmayleadtobetterconservationofinsects.B．Naturalenemiesofinsectswillbegotridof.C．Artificiallightingwillbegreatlyreducedatnight.D．Itmayraiseconcernsforinsects’eatingbehavior.12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whyinsectslosetheirabilitytoflyatnight.B．Whyartificiallightandevolutiontrapinsects.C．Howartificiallightimpactsinsectpopulations.D．Howinsectsevolveddistinctstrategiesofflight.语境猜词①entomologist(派)＝entomolog(y)＋ist②film熟义：n.电影，影片生义(文义)：v.③popularize(派)＝popular＋ize语境猜词答案A．①多产的，高效的②一次性的③传输，传送④无污染的B．①大量涌入②除名③推翻，撤销④诉讼，起诉⑤引诱物，引诱剂C．①昆虫学者②录制，拍摄③宣传，推广；使普及答案精析语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物的积极作用，因此麻省理工学院的工程师们研发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。1．D[段落大意题。根据第一段的主题句(第二句)“Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.”并结合下文“Astudy...withhouseplants.”可知，最近的研究发现了植物的积极作用。故选D。]2．A[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwater...”可知，叶子上的传感器用来显示植物什么时候缺水。故选A。]3．C[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.”可知，有朝一日新技术能够让植物为房间提供照明，甚至使街道两旁的树木变为自我供电的路灯。又根据最后一段最后一句“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可知，发光植物可以避免远距离输电带来的损耗，从而节省能源。综上可知，发光植物可以降低能源消耗。故选C。]4．C[标题归纳题。本文重点介绍了发光植物对生活照明的影响，预测发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的效果。故C项“发光植物会取代灯吗”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。]语篇解读本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到了2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。5．A[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，美国人对灰熊既害怕又敬畏。故选A。]6．C[推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句可推知，自1975年起，有了法律的保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C。]7．A[细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，是保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A。]8．B[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，灰熊数量增长虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B。]eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于昆虫夜晚趋光的研究以及其意义。)9．C[词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，只有一些理论猜想，而且科学家仍在探索这一现象，故可推知画线短语所在句意为“关于为什么昆虫在夜间会围绕着灯这一科学问题从未得到准确解释”，由此推测画线短语意为“准确解释”，与C项意义相近。故选C。]10．B[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，正常情况下飞蛾将背向最亮处即天空倾斜，以此保持水平飞行，而当飞蛾背向路灯倾斜，由于路灯的光源是散射的，而它飞行的角度仍然采用与在月光下的飞行相同的角度，这就使它围着路灯散射的光源打转，故是不正确的飞行姿势导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转。故选B。]11．A[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。]12．B[主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其第二段可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现昆虫因进化而在夜间无休止地围绕人造光转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。]作业14人与环境类说明文A(2021·全国乙)You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear，theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse，”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves，frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups，thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity，Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution，butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand，becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone，thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018，VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic：Every60seconds，a①truckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork，titled“TruckloadofPlastic，”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic，whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruck②allatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1．WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.2．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindasubstituteforthem.3．Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A．Calming.B．Disturbing.C．Refreshing.D．Challenging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures语境猜词①truckload(合)＝truck＋load②allatonceB(2024·安徽皖南八校联考)Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain，leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently，peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingits①effectiveness.“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat，butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now，thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds，whichisfarmore②unpredictable，”saidhe.Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother，it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain，itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion，”saysKatjaFriedrich，aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.Additionally，it’snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthechanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought，thencloudseedingisn’tanoptionduetothelackofclouds.Duringdrought，skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontopreventdroughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels，thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals，andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat，someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthe③long-termimpacts，asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateintheenvironmentover10years.5．Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?A．Toincreasegrainoutput.B．Toslowdownglobalwarming.C．Toreducechemicalsintheair.D．Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.6．HowisArlenHuggins’earliestexperienceinparagraph2?A．It’seffective. B．It’sunsuccessful.C．It’ssatisfying. D．It’s④fruitful.7.WhatisKatjaFriedrich’sattitudetowardscloudseeding?A．Favourable. B．Opposed.C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Droughtcurrently⑤posestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.B．Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.C．Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.D．Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.语境猜词①effectiveness(派)＝effect＋ive＋ness②unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able③long-term(合)＝long＋term④fruitful(派)＝fruit＋ful⑤pose熟义：n.姿势生义(文义)：v.C(2024·湖南长沙二模)TheYellowRiveristhecradleofChinesecivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now，scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies，includingbigdata，artificialintelligence，andtheInternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecenter.Basedontheinformation，a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebig①breakthroughintheriver’sdigital②governanceis“smartstones”．AccordingtoWangQin，aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau，asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips，abattery，andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤坝)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones，thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecenterforquickresponse，”Wangsaid.“Inthepast，researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves，puttingtheirlivesatrisk，”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus，moresafely，quickly，andaccurately.”Andinthesky，drones(无人机)areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers，thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollers(巡逻员)oftheriver，lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission，thankstothedrones，researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedto③battendownthehatches(未雨绸缪)，”saidShen.Underthewaterandupinthesky，intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources，inthefuture，wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.9．WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A．Toconducthistoricalresearch.B．Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.C．Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.D．Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.10．Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A．Theyrecordwaterquality.B．Theyimprovetheriver’sbeauty.C．Theymonitorandreportthestatusofthedike.D．Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?A．Entertainingtourists.B．Collectinginformationondikeconditions.C．Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.D．Testingwaterquality.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“comprehensive”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Complete.B．Basic.C．Beautiful.D．Natural.语境猜词①breakthrough(合)＝break＋through②governance(派)＝govern＋ance③battendown语境猜词答案A．①一卡车(的量)②突然地；同时B．①有效性，效力②无法预测的③长期的④成果丰硕的⑤造成，引起C．①突破，重大进展②管理，治理③准备应对可能的麻烦或困难答案精析语篇解读艺术家BenjaminVonWong非常关注塑料污染的问题，他用回收的废旧塑料垃圾创作巨型雕塑，以唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。1．C[推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.”可知，艺术家VonWong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料垃圾造成的问题。故选C。]2．A[细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution...becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.”可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为体积小和重量轻而无法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。]3．B[推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，TruckloadofPlastic这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。]4．D[标题归纳题。通览全文可知，作者主要讲述了艺术家VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以唤起人们对环保问题的关注，故选D。]语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了虽然人工增雨被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法，但是人工增雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和受气候条件的制约。因此，虽然人工增雨可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。5．D[细节理解题。根据第一段“Droughtisanincreasingproblem...encouragingprecipitation(降水)．..chemicalsintoclouds.(在我们日益变暖的世界里，干旱是一个日益严重的问题。所有大陆都经历了更多的长时间无雨期，导致森林火灾和作物生长不良。因此，人们正在研究人工增雨来解决这个问题——一种通过将某些化学物质的小颗粒送入云层来促进降水的方法)”可知，人工增雨是为了应对干旱无雨的天气。故选D。]6．B[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Myearliestexperience...luckwiththat(我最早的实践是在科罗拉多州东北部使用人工增雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们运气不好)”可知，ArlenHuggins最初的实践没有成功。故选B。]7．D[观点态度题。根据第三段中KatjaFriedrich的话“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain，itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion(由于人工增雨成本高昂，其有效性也不确定，因此其实用性仍有待讨论)”可知，KatjaFriedrich对人工增雨的做法持怀疑态度。故选D。]8．C[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.(问题是，很难知道降水是否直接来自人工增雨)”可知，研究人员现在无法判断降雨是否是由人工增雨带来的。故选C。]eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。)9．D[细节理解题。根据第一段“TheYellowRiveris...Andfloodcontrolandprevention...bygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.(黄河是中华文明的摇篮。洪水的控制和预防一直是保障黄河沿岸人民幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给黄河创建一个数字孪生体来更好地解决这些问题)”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强洪水的控制和预防工作。故选D。]10．C[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theyareburiedin...ofdikestones.(它们被埋在重要的堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的活动)”以及第四段“‘过去，研究人员必须冒着生命危险，亲自到现场了解堤坝的情况，’来自该局的赵潇雄说道。‘现在智能石头可以帮我们更安全、更快速且更精确地完成这项工作。’”可知，智能石头监测和报告堤坝的状况。故选C。]11．B[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Ontheroutesdesigned...floodpreventionprojects.(在工程师设计的路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻员，监视河堤和防洪工程)”可知，无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选B。]12．A[词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知，在水下和空中，智能系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面，据水利部表示，在未来，我们可以期待为这条重要河流建设一个更全面的数字系统。由此猜测，画线词意为“全面的”。故选A。]作业15书籍作品介绍及书评类说明文A(2023·新课标Ⅱ)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook，representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory，inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading，weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”，artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeused①symbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智)，wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress，booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently，asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway，artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers，pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpage②outdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview，theprintedbookiscertainlyancient，butitremainsasinteractiveasany③battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction，abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened，thepagesparted，thecontentsreviewed，perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked，aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate，“off-line”activity.1．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook. B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum. D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.2.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A．Wealthandintellect.B．Homeandschool.C．Booksandreading.D．Workandleisure.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A．Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B．Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C．Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D．Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.语境猜词①symbolically(派)＝symbol＋ic＋ally②outdated(合)＝out＋dated③battery-powered(合)＝battery＋poweredB(2022·全国乙)In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies，bestfriendsfromAuburn，N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well，theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon，however，theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily，theHarrisons，and，likethem，hadlittleprivacy，rarebaths，andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings，RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring，thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook，she①expandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff，onherhorse，lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains，it②shedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes，coyotes，mice，andvaryinghares，whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”5．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A．Toteachinaschool. B．TostudyAmericanhistory.C．Towriteabook. D．Todosightseeing.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A．Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B．Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C．Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D．Theysufferedseverehardships.7.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A．TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B．ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C．TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D．ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.8．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Abookreview.C．Achildren’sstory. D．Adiaryentry.语境猜词①expandon②shed熟义：n.棚生义(文义)：v.C(2024·四川攀枝花二模)RecentlyI’vebeendrawntobookswhichmotivatemetolookatmyself，andhopefu