2024年高考英语必考点专题16阅读理解之细节理解题和词义猜测题精讲深剖含解析

PAGEPAGE1专题16阅读理解之细微环节理解题和词义揣测题——精讲深剖真题速递真题速递（2024全国I卷A）NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴供应了很多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。依据SummerCompany部分中的“SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswith...awardsofupto＄3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”可知“SummerCompany为学生供应高达3000美元的嘉奖，来起先和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“startandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runningnewbusinesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据StewardshipYouthRangerProgram部分中的其次段“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分中的最终一段最终一句“Whoiseligible:...Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability”,可知SummerEmploymentOpportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。（2024全国I卷B）ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”本文属于记叙文，讲解并描述ThomasWhaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信念特地开展了一个演讲课程。24.WhatmadeChrisnervous？A.Tellingastory. B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest. D.Answeringaquestion.【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第一段todayisspeechday和本段最终一句withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidswhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.以及其次段第一句Buthe’snervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，好像是那种喜爱公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很惊慌，故可知Chris是因为做演讲惊慌，故选B。25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.【答案】A【解析】词义揣测题。依据其次段“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.以及后文exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell可知,Chris发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得稀奇的好。依据前文可知，ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。（2024全国II卷B）“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲解并描述了作者胜利劝服了一个家长参与志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了欢乐。25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.【答案】B【解析】词义揣测题。依据划线前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句话ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜爱做志愿者工作。依据第四最两句Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的欢乐，参与志愿者活动活动能让人感觉欢乐。故选B。（2024全国III卷B）ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."这是一篇争论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在很多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks. B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes. D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。答案定位在第三段Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的深厚爱好。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了很多参观者，故选B。25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion. B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels. D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.【答案】A【解析】细微环节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement.（中国模特是向全世界女性推销幻想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.competingagainst【答案】D【解析】词义揣测题。下文andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang、AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在与Galliano、Albaz和MareJacobs竞争。takingon意思是“竞争”，故选D。考纲解读考纲解读对于细微环节理解题，考纲要求考生既能理解详细的事实，也能理解抽象的概念，且能理解文中某句、某段的意义。因此对此类型的试题，考生一般可以干脆从文章中找出答案。词义揣测题着重考查考生依据上下文揣测词义的实力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还须要依靠常识和阅历来揣测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。考点精讲考点精讲一细微环节理解题㈠细微环节理解题常见设问方式细微环节理解题几乎都可以在文章中干脆找到与答案有关的信息。常见的命题方式有：1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2．推断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue/false或EXCEPT等的推断是非的问题。此时要留意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”开头的提问形式。4．填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom__________.此类题目相对简洁，只要考生仔细并且细心，得分就会比较简洁。㈡细微环节理解题正确选项的特征1．同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把loseone'sjob换成了beoutofwork。有时候词性或者语态有所变更。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成ofimportance；变更原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。2．语言简化。把原文中的困难语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。3．正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。【方法技巧】1.细微环节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则——“本本主义”，一切从原文动身，无需读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处详细信息。第一步审读题干和选项，回到原文定信息区间通过题干或选项中的关键词找到定位点，起先精读文章直到下一题的定位区域出现。只有两种状况须要向上找寻信息：定位到的信息为数字串，或举例说明部分；出现了逻辑关系词(therefore,so,asaresult)或代词(that,these,it)。其次步将选项和原文一一对比，求同排异定答案利用“同义原则”，找出原文中与正确选项匹配的同义词组，将原文出现的信息和选项进行比对，确定正确选项。做任何阅读理解题都不是找感觉，本质上是找同义词，解题时找出的同义词组越多，答案就越精确，这是解答细微环节理解题的基本方法。【考题印证】(2024·全国Ⅱ，A)Inthecomingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare'splaysintheirownlanguage,inourGlobe,withinthearchitectureShakespearewrotefor.Pleasecomeandjoinus.NationalTheatreofChinaBeijing|ChineseThisgreatoccasion(盛会)willbetheNationalTheatreofChina'sfirstvisittotheUK.Thecompany'sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChinesetheatre.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sRichardⅢwillbedirectedbytheNational'sAssociateDirector,WangXiaoying.Date&Time：Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30pmMarjanishviliTheatreTbilisi|GeorgianOneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili,foundedin1928,appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld.ThisnewproductionofAsYouLikeItishelmed(指导)bythecompany'sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.Date&Time：Friday18May,2.30pm&Saturday19May,7.30pmDeafinitelyTheatreLondonIBritishSignLanguage(BSL)BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove'sLabour'sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time:Tuesday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23May,7.30pmHabimaNationalTheatreTelAviv|HebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew－languagetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time：Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了全球的艺术家将聚集到一起用他们自己的语言表演莎士比亚的戏剧的相关内容。1.WhichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina？A．RichardⅢ. B．Love'sLabour'sLost.C．AsYouLikeIt. D．TheMerchantofVenice.【答案】A【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据题干中的“theNationalTheatreofChina”可将答案定位于NationalTheatreofChina部分中的“Shakespeare'sRichardⅢ”，故选A项。2.WhatisspecialaboutDeafinitelyTheatre？________A．Ithastwogroupsofactors.B．ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C．ItperformsplaysinBSL.D．Itisgoodatproducingcomedies.【答案】A【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据DeafinitelyTheatre部分中的“BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove'sLabour'sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedy”可知DeafinitelyTheatre的特殊之处就是运用BSL表演喜剧，创建出了一种对莎士比亚喜剧的新的诠释。故C项正确。3.WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew？________A．OnSaturday28April. B．OnSunday29April.C．OnTuesday22May. D．OnTuesday29May.【答案】D【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据题干中的“Hebrew”可将该题答案定位在最终一部分中。依据最终一部分中的“Date&Time：Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm”可知，故选D项。(2024·北京，B)Inspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren'spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,aPassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.文章大意：这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了TOKNOW杂志的内容、订购价格和退订等方面的信息。8.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine？________A．Itentertainsyoungparents.B．Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C．Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.D．Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.【答案】D【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据第一段中的“auniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth”可知，TOKNOW杂志的特殊之处在于它将趣味性与有挑战性的、困难的概念结合起来。故选D。9.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders？________A．Onlinecourses.B．Articlesonnewtopics.C．Lecturesonabalancedlife.D．Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.【答案】B【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据Whatinside？部分中的“Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles，experimentsandcreativethingstomake”可知TOKNOW刊登关于新话题的文章。个B项正确。10.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12－monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina.________A．￡55. B．￡60.C．￡65. D．￡70.【答案】D【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack部分中的“RestofWorld￡70”可知，在中国按年订购有礼包的TOKNOW杂志须要￡70。故选D。11.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget________.A．freebirthdaypresentsB．fullrefundwithin28daysC．membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD．chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】B【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据文中的“RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.”可知，28天之内退订的订购者可以或得全额退款。故B正确。二．词义揣测题【题型特点】词义揣测题常见设问方式1．(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthe...?(2)Theword“...”probablyrefersto...其中均含有wordorunderlinedword。2．(1)Theterm/sentencein...canbereplacedby...(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase/sentencemeaninthelastparagraph?【方法技巧】“一原则”、“二关注”速解词义揣测题一原则结合上下文词义揣测题所提问的单词、词组或句子一般都是考生不相识的，即使相识，正确答案也未必是熟识的含义。这种题目目的就是希望考生能结合上下文，来理解不相识的单词、词组或句子。二关注关注并列转折部分这是做词义揣测题的一大利器。因为由并列转折连接的两部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。所以假如有一个单词不相识，就可以在与其并列或转折部分的信息中找对应信息。关注说明说明部分分析试题可以发觉，其实出题者在出一些词义揣测题的时候也是动了恻隐之心的。会在晦涩难懂的信息旁边存在一个说明说明部分，说明说明部分的标记有逗号、冒号、破折号、双引号等。【考题印证】(2024·全国Ⅱ，D)Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,__the_tables_are_turned__.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(密切的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3？A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.【答案】A【解析】考查句意理解。依据其次段中的“Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch”可知，正吃午餐的攻击者变成了午餐，也就是攻击者也被攻击了。故A项正确。（2024全国I卷）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialisation.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modem.【答案】C【解析】揣测词义题。依据文章其次段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominantlanguages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。模拟训练模拟训练A（湖南省2025届高三六校联考试题）WHO’SWHOINTHEZOO?IsitamazingthattheWHO’SWHOINTHEZOOmakesitfunforyoungchildrentosave?WiththehelpofStandardBank’sKidzAPPandtheBigFiveanimalfriends,teachingyourchildrenaboutmanagingtheircashhasneverbeenmorefun.LettheWHO’SWHOINTHEZOOshowyourlittleoneswhatitmeanstoearnandsavemoneyaswellasshareintheenjoymentofspendingtheirwell－earnedcash.ElephantAsyourchildrenusethemobileapptocompletevariousactions—achievingsavingsgoals,completingmissionsandachievingwishes—herevariousmedalswillberewarded.Earnedmedalsaredisplayedintheelephanthabitataswellaslockedmedalsstilltobeachieved.LeopardRewardyourkidswithpocketmoneyforcompleting‘missions’：householdchores,achievements,etc.Youcancreateamissionforyourchild,oryourchildcanrequestanewmission.Oncecreated,itmustbeaccepted.Themissionneedstobecompletedbyyourchildandapprovedbyyoubeforeyoucanpayhimorher.LionHelpyourchildrencreateandfulfilwishes.Wishcardsandtheirsavingsprogresscanbetrackedfromyourbankingapp.Oncetheirsavingsgoalisreached,lionwillinformyouoftheirachievement.BuffaloKidzcanrequesttowithdrawcashorpurchaseairtimeanddatausingtheirsavings.RhinoRhinoshowsyourchild’slatestaccountbalanceandtransactions.DownloadtheStandardBank’sKidzAPPfromAppleAppStoreonthephone.UsethecommentsectiontointeractwithotherStandardBankcustomersandbankconsultants.【语篇导读】本文为应用文，介绍了一款儿童理财网银APP的功能及运用说明。1.WhatistheWHO’SWHOINTHEZOOdesignedfor?A.Playersofboardgames.B.Travelersinthezoo.C.Parentsforonlinebanking.D.Kidsforself－servicebanking.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第一段LettheWHO'SWHOINTHEZOOshowyourlittleoneswhatitmeanstoearnandsavemoneyaswellasshareintheenjoymentofspendingtheirwell－earnedcash.可知WHO'SWHOINTHEZOO专为儿童理财而设计。2.Rewardswillbepaidif________．A.youkeeptheaccountbalancedB.yourkidsgetenoughlockedmedalsC.thekidsfulfilyourcreatedmissionsD.youapprovetherequestviaKidzAPP【答案】C【解析】细微环节理解题。依据Leopard中的Rewardyourkidswithpocketmoneyforcompleting‘missions’：householdchores,achievements,etc.可知。3.Whichofthefollowinganimalsisrelatedtospending?A.Rhino.B.Buffalo.C.Lion.D.Leopard.【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。儿童理财的APP中5种动物对应5项银行业务，依据Buffalo中的Kidzcanrequesttowithdrawcashorpurchaseairtimeanddatausingtheirsavings.可知。B(山东省济南外国语学校2025届高三上学期其次次模拟考试)Travelerstoanewcityareoftenencouragedtotakeabustour.Thethinkingisthattheycanlaterreturntotheplacesthatattractedthem,butthat’snonsense!Whatyouseefromtheinsideofafast-movingbusissanitized(清洁的)andunreal,entirelyremovedfromtherealsights,sounds,andsmellsoutside.Thebestwaytoexperienceanydestinationisbyfoot,withoutanitinerary,wanderingwhereyourspiritleadsyou.Eveninthelargestcities,thesavvy(资深的)travelerplungesintotheverycenteroftownandwalksdowntheneareststreet,experiencingtheactuallifeofthepeoplewhilelookingintothegrocerystoresandcourtyard.Youeventuallygettomanyofthesamesitesthatareonthebusroute--themuseums,themonuments,thecityhall--butyouwillhavewitnessedsomuchmorebecauseyouwillhavefeltthecontemporarylifeofthecityyou’revisiting.“ButwhatifIgetlost?”peopleask.Nooneevergetspermanentlylostinamajorcity.Eventually,atrolleyorbuspasseswiththewords“CentralStation”onitsfrontandyoucaneasilyreturntothecenteroftown.Besides,themostwonderfulthingscanhappenifyoudogetlost,suchasstoppingatasidewalkcafetositandrelaxandthenaskingdirectionsfromthelocalsatthenexttable.Hopefully,yourtripmaybeattractivebythisencounter.Hereareafewwaystomakethemostofyourtravels:Knowbeforeyougo.Beforeyoudepart,spendtimeinalibraryorbookstore,learningaboutthehistoryandcultureofyourdestinationsoyouwillbetterunderstandtheplaceyou’revisiting.Movearoundlikealocal.Usethelocalsubways,tramsandbuses.You’llnotonlysavemoney,you’lllearnhowpeoplelivethere,andyou’llgainarealisticperspectiveofthecity.Checkthebulletinboard.Bulletinboardslistfreelectures,concerts,workshopsandsocialgatherings,givingyouachancetojoinormeetthearea’smostdynamicresidents.Takeawalkingtour.Ifyoumustbookaguidedtour,selectthenonstandard,inexpensivekindsconductedonfoot.So,thenexttimeyoufeelluredbyasightseeingbustour,saveyourmoneyandinstead,wanderaroundonyourown.Ipromiseyouati