Unit5EducationLesson3Understanding课件高二英语北师大版选择性

Lesson3

UnderstandingUNIT5Inthissection,youaregoingto:readandtalkabouthowtoacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstanding;readfordeepunderstanding,summariseinformationandunderstandcoherenceincontext;learnaboutsomenewwordsandphrasesincontext.Learningobjectives1.______________adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的2.______________n.

分析3.______________n.

等级4.______________adj.

皇家的；王室的5.______________adj.

效率低的6.______________adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的7.______________n.

教会；教堂obviousanalysisrankroyalinefficientworthychurchWordsandPhrases8.______________n.宇宙9.______________adj.

原始的10.______________vt.

赞成；赞许；批准11.______________vt.

强烈要求；敦促12.______________n.

监狱13.______________vt.放弃；抛弃14.______________n.

假定，假设universeprimitiveapproveurgeprisonabandonassumptionWordsandPhrases15.________________adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的16.________________n.

智慧17.________________vt.

有……是由于；把……归功于18.________________n.

阴影19.________________adj.

守旧的；传统的20.________________n.

王国21.________________n.

文明respectedwisdomoweshadowconventionalkingdomcivilisationWordsandPhrasesWarming-upFrancisBacon弗朗西斯·培根(1561-1626)，英国哲学家，英国唯物主义和现代实验科学的始祖。历任律师、下院议员、掌玺大臣、大法官，并提出“知识就是力量”。他对归纳法做出了系统的论述，被认为是归纳逻辑的创始人。Warming-upGalileoGalilei

伽利略·伽利莱(1564-1642)，意大利物理学家、天文学家，近代实验科学的奠基者之一。伽利略从实验中总结出自由落体定律，推翻了亚里士多德的很多学说。还发现了惯性定律和抛体运动规律等，确定了力学相对性原理，因此被认为是经典力学和实验物理学的先驱。他是利用望远镜观察天体取得大量成果的第一人。Warming-upAristotle

亚里士多德(公元前374-322),古希腊哲学家，和柏拉图一同被认为是“西方哲学之父”。geocentrictheory(地心说)Whichofthefollowingmayhelpyouacquireknowledgemoreeffectively?Discussinpairsandgiveexplanations.Askingquestions

mayhelpmeacquireknowledgemoreeffectively.IndoingthisIwillbeableto

clearawaythebarriersonmyroadtounderstanding,whichmakesitquickertoacquireknowledgeandmeetsmyspecificneeds.ActiveandShare

tobeinterestedinthetopictoaskquestionstodiscusstopicswithfriendstoberelaxedandhappytohavetimetothinkaboutwhatyouhavelearnt

BeforereadingWhichofthefollowingmayhelpyouacquireknowledgemoreeffectively?Discussinpairsandgiveexplanation.tobeinterestedinthetopictoaskquestionstodiscusstopicswithfriendstoberelaxedandhappytohavetimetothinkaboutwhatyouhavelearntWhile-readingActivity1

Fastreading1．Readthetextquicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1

A．Whypeopledidn’tapproveofthistypeofthinking.Para.2

B．Weshouldthankthegreatmenofthepastfortheirwisdom.Para.3

C．Atypeofanalysis.Para.4

D．Ourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowing andchanging.Para.5

E．Somegreatmeninhistoryusingthistypeofthinkingwerenot supported，butpunished.2．Dividethepassageintothreeparts.Part1(Para._)：Howdoweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding?Part2(Para._－Para._)：HowdidpeoplethinkinBacon’stime?Part3(Para._－Para._)：Conclusions12345

Itseemsobviousnow(howweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.)

Tostartwith,weneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,weobservetheworldaroundusandstudythefacts.Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.评“Itis+adj+that(主语从句)”

It为形式主语,

that从句是真正的主语Itisimportantthatweshouldfinishhomeworkontime.形主真主首先

其次

之后

how引导主语从句Readparagraph1.Accordingtothewriter,howdoweacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstanding?Completethefollowingchart.ToStartwith,weneed_________;Then,tofindanswers,we____________________________________

.Afterthat,we________________________________________________________________.Itshowsthe

progressionofacquiringknowledgequestionsobservetheworldaroundusandstudythefactsconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones

Althoughtodaywearemoreusedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfor(theInternet)

togiveusananswer,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld’sproblemwiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus．评beusedtodoing

习惯于做某事adj.关键的

搜索引擎waitfor...todo等待…去做某事n.方法beusedtodoing

习惯于做某事beusedtodo

usedtodo

被用来做某事过去常常，曾经

However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBacon(1561-1626)suggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge，hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.AlthoughBaconheldanimportantrankinKingJames’royalcourtofEngland,histrueinterestwasnottheday-to-day,slowandinefficientworkingstyleofthegovernment,buttheworthysearchforknowledge.评v.提出,表明...的方法违背当时hold-held-held占据重要地位不是而是

Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisdays.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564-1642),(whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,)

wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence．评相信who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰Galileo被动:bedone

被惩罚

that引导同位语从句,解释说明idea

Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallenge(whattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.)

Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviews(thatwerealmost2,000yearsold!)评往往what引导宾语从句,做challenge的宾语

事实上而不是翻译：我想喝茶而不是咖啡Iwanttodrinkteainsteadofcoffee.that引导定语从句,修饰viewsItisnotsurprising(thatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideas)

astheyhadbeenputforward

bythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384-322BCE).HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.形主真主是that引导的主语从句提出

静止地，仍然因为“Itis+adj+that(主语从句)”

It为形式主语,

that从句是真正的主语Itisconvenient

thatwecangotoschoolbysubway.引导原因状语从句hadbeendone过去完成时被动putup张贴，建立putoff推迟putout扑灭

putupwith容忍Galileidisagreed.Atfirst,peopleapprovedof

hisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangry

andputhiminprison.Theydidn’twanttoabandon(what

they’d

alwaysthoughtastrue).Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.赞成urgesbtodo敦促某人做what引导宾从,做abandon的宾语变得生气haddone过去完成时起初putsbinprison把某人送进监狱Peoplemaketheassumption

thatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.Buteventhough

Aristotlewasagreatman

(whoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim),

hewaswrongattimes.that引导同位语从句，解释说明assumption形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面Ihave____________________(一些重要的事情）totellyou.somethingimportant即使，尽管=evenifwho引导的定从，修饰限定man有时，偶尔AndGalileialsomademistakes.Heis

nowknownas

thefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.犯错误beknownas作为…而出名因为…而出名:beknown/famous/notedfor,haveareputationforChinaisknown/famous/notedfortheGreatWall.中国因为长城而出名。Therefore,ourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords,welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofus

canever

sitbackandsay,“Weknowitall.”换句话说=thatistosay我们没有一个一直，曾经停止(学习)Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastfortheirwisdom.Theyunderstoodthatwedon’tknoweverythingandprobablyneverwill,for

thatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestions.因为Weowe(somuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworld)topeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,

who

were

braveenoughto

stepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledge

thattoday’scivilisationisbuiltupon.把...归功于who引导的非限制性定语从句评bedone:被动

被建立于..上走出,逃出为了that引导定语从句,修饰thekingdomofknowledgebe+adj+enough+todo足够adj.而能够做某事be+adj.+enough+todo足够adj.而能够做某事Youareoldenoughtogotoschool.Youworkhardenoughtopasstheexam.

Thismenknowthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;more

vitaltoaman,andmore

beneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.宾语从句bevitalto对...至关重要bebeneficialto对...有益为...而战斗3．What’sthemainideaofthefamoussaying“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered；thepointistodiscoverthem.”？A．Alltruthsareeasytodiscover.B．It’smostimportanttodiscovertruths.C．It’smoreimportanttounderstandtruthsthantodiscoverthem.D．Ifwewanttodiscovertruths，weshouldfirstunderstandthem.√4．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．FrancisBaconwasgoingagainsttheviewsofhisday.B．GalileoGalileiwasgreattoprovetheEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse.C．TheEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverseanditdoesn’tmoveroundthesuninaperfectcircle，either.D．Peopleshouldquestionmorebecausegreatmen，evenAristotleandGalilei，mightmakemistakes.√2．Whosolvesproblemsbythinkingandanalysing?A．Peoplenowadays.B．Peopleinthe17thcentury.C．Modernscientistsandthinkers.D．ThegreatphilosopherAristotle.√Readparagraphs2-3.Complete

the

sentences.1FrancisBacon

believedthatthewaytogainknowledgeis________.Butmostpeopleinhisdaysbelieved______________.thinkingmoreinreligion2

GalileoGalileiprovedthat_______________________________________.Butmanypeopleinhisdays_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.theEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniversetendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved3Aristotle’sunderstandingoftheuniversewasthat______________________________________because____________________________________.theEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniverseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill4Itisstilloftentruetodaythat________________________________________________________________________________________.peopledon’twanttoabandonwhatthey’vealwaysthoughtastrueFindoutwhateachpronounreferstointhetext.UnderstandingCoherenceinContextTherepetition(重复)ofkeytermsorphrasesmakesmeaningcoherent(有条理的)inatext.Theuseofsynonyms(近义词)andantonyms(反义词)helpsenhancecoherence(连贯性)inatext.Linkingwordssuchassince,so,afterwards,then,although,but,however,etc.canhelpconnectmeaninginsentences.Pronounssuchashe,she,it,they,etc.helpcarrymeaningonintothenextpointinatext.ReadingExample

Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.(Para.1)ones=answers1…he

wasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.(Para.2)he=______________2Thiswascertainlynottheinterest…(Para.2)This=___________________3…whattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.(Para.2)they=_______________________________4…they

grewangryandputhiminprison.(Para.3)they=______________5…thenitmustbeso.(Para.3)it=____________6Heisnowknowas…(Para.3)He=_____________ReadingFrancisBaconsearchforknowledgethechurchandmostpeopleassumptionpeopleGalileiCirclethelinkingwordsinthetextthatthewriterusedinordertoexpresshis/heropinioncoherently.Tostartwith,weneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,weobservetheworldaroundusandstudythefacts.Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.(L2)However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBacon(1561-1626)suggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge…(L12)Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts…(L17)Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison.(L33)Therefore,ourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords,welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay,“Weknowitall.”(L42)ReadingThefollowingsentencesallcontainfalseinformation.Usethewordsandphrasesbelowtocorrectthem.1InBacon’sdays,theworkingstyleofthegovernmentwasveryefficient.

InBacon’sdays,theworkingstyleofthegovernmentwasveryinefficient.2PeoplewerestronglyagainstGalilei’sstudiesatfirstandthentheyurgedhimtogiveup.

PeopleapprovedofGalilei’sstudiesatfirstandthentheyurgedhimtogiveup.inefficientapproveofdidn’twanttoabandonconstantlygrowingandchangingcontinuePractice3Ourunderstandingoftheworldisstable.

Ourunderstandingoftheworldisconstantlygrowingandchanging.4Peopleinthepastwerewillingtogiveupwhattheyhadalwaysthoughtastrue.

Peopleinthepastdidn’twanttoabandonwhattheyhadalwaysthoughtastrue.Practiceinefficientapproveofdidn’twanttoabandonconstantlygrowingandchangingcontinue3．Aristotle’sunderstandingoftheuniversewasthat____________________________________________because_________________________________________.4．Itisstilloftentruetodaythat_________________________________________________________.theEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniverseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstillpeopledon’twanttoabandonwhatthey’vealwaysthoughtastrue3．Whydidpeoplechoosetobelieveviewsthatwereabout2,000yearsold?Becausetheywereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.4．Weregreatmeninhistoryalwayscorrect？Giveexamples.No.Galileimademistakes.HebelievedthattheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircles.Buthewaswrong.5．Howdoestheauthordevelopthispartofthepassage?A．Bygivingexamples.

B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bycomparison.

D．Byquotation.√Sentencesanalysis:1．Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.[句式分析]

此句为_________句；主句为

____________________；It是

__________，how引导_________作真正的主语。[自主翻译]

主从复合Itseemsobviousnow形式主语主语从句今天，如何获取知识、认识世界，人人皆知。2．AlthoughtodaywearemoreusedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettogiveusananswer，modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld’sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.[句式分析]

此句为__________句；主句为________________________________________________________________________________________________；Although引导______________；typingafew...engine和waitingfor...answer为动名词短语作介词to的

______。[自主翻译]

modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld’sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus主从复合让步状语从句宾语尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。3．Atthattime，peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts，andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642)，whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.[句式分析]

此句为______________句；第一个句子主干为_________________________________________；第二个句子主干为___________________________________________________________________；who引导__________________，先行词GalileoGalilei为人，在从句中作主语；that引导____________，作idea的同位语，解释说明idea的内容；withnoonecomingtotheirdefence为“with＋宾语＋doing(宾补)”结构作状语。[自主翻译]

主从复合peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfactspeoplewereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence非限制性定语从句同位语从句那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。4．Infact，whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse，insteadofbelievinghim，peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold![句式分析]此句为___________句；句子主干为___________________________；when引导_____________，第一个that引导__________作prove的宾语；第二个that引导__________，先行词views在从句中作主语，指物。[自主翻译]

主从复合peoplechosetobelieveviews时间状语从句宾语从句定语从句事实上，当伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相信他，而宁愿相信将近2000年前的陈旧观点！5．ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(38