Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructurestodo作定语和状语课件高中英语人教版

Unit4

SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures

MadebyErinLearningObjectivesBytheendofthisclass,youwillbeabletoUnderstandtheusageofinfinitivesasattributeandadverbial.Describespacefactsandeffortstoexplorespace.Useinfinitivescorrectlyincontext.Lead-in非谓语doingdonetodo动作正在进行表主动动作已完成表被动DiscussionDiscussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.目的状语adverbial为了作为一名战斗机飞行员而去驾驶飞机，我训练了很久。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.目的状语adverbial众所周知，为了在太空工作一名宇航员需要健康和冷静。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.目的状语adverbial首先，为了获得相关大学学位你必须足够聪慧。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealizethedreamtoexplorespace.后置定语attribute科学家们下定决心实现探索太空的梦想。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后置定语attribute1961年4月12日，尤里∙加加林成为世上第一个进入太空的人。Ihavenodesire

towrite.Theconference

totakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.Therewasnothing

tobedone.Ihavealottosay.TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive.不定式在句子中作__________________句子成分可修饰____________多置于被修饰词_____多表示_________用法后置定语名词或代词后面将来Scientistsworkhardtofindoutthesecretsofuniverse.Asweallknow,anastronautsneedstobehealthyandcalminorder

toworkinspace.Youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.不定式在句子中作__________________句子成分可表示_____________常见结构有______________________________________用法目的状语目的todo,inordertodo,soastodoUnderstandingInfinitivesasattribute不定式作定语Part1Practiceistheonlyway

tolearnalanguagewell.Hisability

togetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.Weshouldgetthecourage

tofacethechallenge.Sellersmadeanefforts

tokeeptheindustryfromdyingout.Ihavenodesire

toplaygames.抽象名词ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,effort,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,desire,dream,promise后面用动词不定式作定语。用法1【2021年全国甲卷七选五】It’sthebestway_____(get)rideofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyoufriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.togetThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.ShewasthefirststudenttobeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.Hewastheonlyonetokeepmovingatthesamespeed.Itisrecognizedthatheis

thebestmantodothejob.序数词、形容词最高级、theonly/thenext/thelast等或被这些词修饰的名词后面常用动词不定式作定语。用法2Heisalwaysthefirst_______(arrive)attheschoolandthelast_______(leave)theschool.toarrivetoleaveLetusgivehimsomething

toeat.Thequestion

tobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.Theconference

totakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.当表示尚未发生的动作时，常用todo作后置定语。用法3Theairport_____________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tobecompletedTherewasnothing

tobedone.Wouldyoulikesomething

todrink?Ourschoolwasthefirstone

towinthisawardin2020.代词one和不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等，用动词不定式作定语。用法4Doyouhaveanything__________(express)intheclass?toexpressWehavenothingtoeat.Wehavealothomeworktodo.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.动词不定式用在两个句型中：

have…todotherebe…todo用法5Thereisnoone______(look)afterher.tolook注意Ihaveasuitablepentowritewith.Hehasnohousetolivein.Thereisnothingtotalkabout.作定语的动词不定式若是不及物动词(vi)，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词表示地点、工具等，则后面需加上相应的介词。工具地点不及物动词Tomdetermined_____(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.Noonelike__________(make)funof.Hepretend___________(read)whentheteachercamein.I’msorry____________(cause)yousomuchtroublelasttime.Thecarseems__________________(wash)already.

togo表动作未发生todo

tobemadetodo表动作未发生+bedone表被动=tobedonepretend

to

do

sth+bedoing表正在进行=tobedoing

tobereadingbesorry

to

do

sth+havedone表已完成=tohavedone

tohavecausedseem

to

do

sth+havebeendone已完成且被动=tohavebeendone

tohavebeenwashed主动语态被动语态意义一般式todotobedone表未发生（将来）进行式tobedoing表正在进行完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表已完成（表动作发生在谓语动作之前）Infinitivesasadverbial不定式作状语Part2Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.Togetarelatedcollegedegree,youmustbeintelligentenough.不定式在句子中作___________________位置：_____________常见结构：____________________________________________________________________________用法1目的状语句首或句末

todo,inorderto,soasto(soasto不能放句首)Sheisproudtowinthisaward.Hewasgladtobeinvitedtotheparty.不定式在句子中作___________________常用结构：___________________形容词常有：____________________________________________________________________________用法2原因状语

主语+be

+

adj+todoexcited,anxious,glad,disappointed,lucky,proud,sorry,worried,shocked等表喜怒哀乐Hereturnedhometolearn

hisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.Hewenthometofind

hisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.不定式在句子中作___________________常用这些动词连用：______________________________________用法3结果状语learn,find,see,hear,make等Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.I’mtootiredtostayuplonger.不定式在句子中作___________________常用结构：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________用法3结果状语so+adj+astodosuch+n+astodoenoughtodoonlytodo(表出乎意料的结果)too+adj/adv+todo注意主语+be

+

adj+todo，在这一结构中用不定式主动表被动。可用于此结构的形容词还有：________________________________________________________________easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable等Thesongishard_____(sing).Thequestioniseasy_____________(understand).Theproblemisdifficult__________(solve).tosingtounderstandtosolveTraining高考链接

Heboughtabookandwassurprised_________(find)apictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesamegardenashisfather’spainting.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallance,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

(2013四川改)tofindtobetoldtoplanttobecompletedWearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.(2012重庆)Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.(2013北京)Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.(2013

上海)Ihavealotofreadings___________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.(2010

山东)tobemadetochangetoexploretocomplete_____________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.(2022·全国乙卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s，andareexpensive____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(全国Ⅰ卷)Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,only_______(find)theearlytrainhadgone.(2022·全国甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.TostrengthentoperformtofindtojourneyApplicationSending

people

to

other

planets

or

even

beyond

the

solar

system

is

not

an

easy

goal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,________(use)currenttechnology，itwouldtakeovertwoyears_____(get)totheclosedseatplanetMarsandback.Althoughli