Unit3 Section B 2a-2e 分层作业含答案人教版八年级英语下册

21世纪教育网精品试卷·第2页（共2页）Unit3SectionB2a-2e语言精讲与分层作业语言点精讲1.Idonotunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事makesb.dosth.结构，此结构意为“让/使某人做某事”。其中make后面的不定式短语要省略to。makesb./sth.+adj“某人/某物(变得)”；makesb./sth.+n.“使某人/某物(成为)……”Thisgoodnewsmadeherlaughhappily.这个好消息使她开心地笑了。Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethemlaugh.孩子们喜欢读能让他们发笑的故事。2.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagooduniversity.spendtime/moneyonsth.在某事/物上花费时间/金钱spend,cost,take与pay均有“花费”的意思，区别如下：spend主语是人，宾语是时间或金钱。常用结构sb.spend(s)sometime/moneyonsth.某人在某事/物上花费时间/金钱sb.spend(s)sometime/moneydoingsth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事cost主语是物，宾语是金钱。常用结构：sth.cost(s)(sb.)somemoney某物花费(某人)多少钱take主语是it或事物，宾语是时间。常用结构：ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间(doing)sth.take(s)sb.sometime(做)某事花费某人多长时间pay主语是人，宾语是金钱，常用结构：sb.pay(s)somemoneyforsth.某人为某物付多少钱Wespendsalotoftime(in)readingbooks.我们花很多时间读书。Ittooktheworkersonly10daystobuildtheHuoshenshanhospital.建造火神山医院只花了工人们10天时间。Cleaningthegardentookmehalfaday.收拾花园花了我半天的时间。Ipaidhim20dollarsforthebook.我付给他20美元买这本书。Ipaid30yuanforthetoy.我支付了30元买这个玩具。WangLipaid500yuanforthebike.王丽花500元买了这辆自行车。Thecoatcosthim25dollars.这件外套花了他25美元。Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。Sincetheyliveinonehousewiththeirparents,theyshouldknowthateveryoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.sinceconj.因为；既然prep.,conj.&adv.从……以后；自……以来❶since在此处作连词，意为“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。eg：Sinceyoudon'tknowtheboy,I'llasksomeoneelse.❷since作连词，还可意为“从……以后；自……以来”，其引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，主句多用现在完成时。eg：Maryhaslivedheresinceshewasfive.❸since作介词，意为“从……以后；自……以来”，后接表示时间点的词或短语。eg：Shehasbeenheresincethreeo'clockthismorning.❹since作副词，意为“从……以后；自……以来”，常与现在完成时连用。eg：Sheleftheretenyearsago,andIhaven'tseenhersince.Ourneighbors'songotintoagoodcollegebutduringhisfirstyear,hehadnoideahowtotakecareofhimself.takecareof照顾；处理❶takecareof在此处意为“照顾”，相当于lookafter或carefor。eg：Canyouhelpmetakecareof/lookafter/careformylittlebrother?❷takecareof还可意为“处理；负责”。eg：Hersecretaryalwaystookcareofthedetails【拓展】takecare意为“小心；当心”，相当于becareful或lookout。eg：Takecarethatyoudon'tdrinktoomuch!Ithinkitisimportantforchildrentolearnhowtodochoresandhelptheirparentswithhousework.Itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth.做某事对某人来说是……的“Itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，其中it为形式主语，真正主语为todosth.此句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价。如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。TolearnEnglishisveryimportantforme对我来说学英语很重要。=ItisveryimportantformetolearnEnglish.Foryoutomakemorefriendsisagoodplan.广交朋友是个好办法。=It'sagoodplanforyoutomakemorefriends.It'stheparents'jobtoprovideacleanandcomfortableenvironmentathomefortheirchildren.providev.提供provide作及物动词，意为“提供；供给”。常用结构：providesth.forsb.或providesb.withsth.，意为“为某人提供某物”或“提供给某人某物”。We'llprovidefoodanddrinksforthem.我们将向他们提供食物和饮料。Thecompanyprovidedmewithacar.公司提供给我一辆车。Childrenthesedaysdependontheirparentstoomuch.dependon意为“依靠；依赖”。dependon+某人或某物；dependon+某人或某物+不定式或动名词；dependon+从句等。Whetherwe’llgocampingdependsontheweather.我们是否去野营要看天气I’mdependingonyoutodothework.我指望你做这工作。Youcan’tdependonthetrainarrivingontime.千万不要认为火车能正点到达。Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。Italldependshowyousolvetheproblem.那一切要看你怎么解决这个问题。Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.the+比较级+,the+比较级+“越……，就越……”“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”表示“越……，就越……”。Themoreheexplained,thebetterweunderstood.他解释得越多，我们就理解得越透彻。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越认真，犯的错误就会越少。分层作业一、单词拼写1．ThetemperatureinWuxi(drop)alotlastweekbecauseofthecoldair.2．Idon’tminddoingchores.Ithinkitcanhelpteenagerstounderstandtheideaof(公平).3．Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparksand(研制；制定)otherplans.4．It’sgenerousofWangto（提供）booksanddictionariesforchildreninpoorareas.5．Weshouldhaveagoodrelationshipwithour（邻居）.二、完成句子（每空一词）6．我爸爸起得早是为了赶上早班车。Myfathergotupearlytocatchthefirstsubway.7．你把宠物狗照顾得这么好，真是个细心的人。Itisyoucareofpetdog.8．既然没有其他人看到这些外星人，我拒绝相信你的话。nooneelsesawthesealiens,Ibelieveyou.9．玩电脑游戏就是浪费时间。Playingcomputergamesisatime.10．我讨厌做家务。Ithechores.三、单项选择11．MissZengsavesallhermoney________buyagiftforhermother.A．inorderto B．sothat C．inorderthat D．suchas12．—I’msorry.Welostthematch.—It’sapity.________,eachofyouhavetriedyourbestandyouarestillourheroes.A．Moreover B．Anyway C．So D．Otherwise13．—Doyoumind________yourbikeoverthere?—Notatall.A．moving B．tomove C．move D．moved14．—WhatshallIdonow?—________it’sraininghard,let’sstayathomeandwatchTV.So B．Since C．Though D．If15．Someyoungpeoplealwaysneedhelpfromtheirparents.Theyshouldlearnto________themselves.A．keepintouchwith B．makejokesaboutC．copydown D．dependon16．—Aliceoften________herlearningexperiencewithus.—That’sgreat.Sheissohelpful!A．shares B．gives C．provides D．keeps17．Alotofnewroadswillbebuiltinorderto________thevillagesinthenextfiveyears.A．surprise B．develop C．raise D．make18．It’snecessaryforus________toourparentswhenwehaveproblems.A．totalk B．talking C．talk D．talked19．Robert,couldyouwashthecarforme?Yes,I_______.I’mcoming,dad.A．could B．couldn’t C．can D．can’t20．Duringtheexam,________youare,________mistakesyou’llmake.A．themorecareful;theless B．themorecareful;thefewerC．themorecareless;theless D．themorecareless;thefewer四、阅读理解Startingwiththisfallterm,studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolswillhaveatleastonecourseeveryweekonbasichouseholdskillssuchascleaningandcooking,accordingtoanewcurriculumstandard(课程标准)forlaboreducationincompulsory(强制的；义务的)educationmadebythegovernment.Shouldhouseholdskillsbemadecompulsoryatschools?Michael:Bylearningbasicskillslikecooking,cleaningandmaintaininghomeappliances(电器)childrencanlearnhowtotakecareofthemselvesandliveindependently.Parentswon’talwaysbetheretohelptheirchildrenwitheveryproblemthey’llmeetintheirlives.Theyneedtolearnnewthings,makemistakes,solveproblemsandgrowfromtheirexperiences.Itisnecessaryforchildrentolearntheseimportantlifesavingskillsasearlyaspossible.Eliza:Manystudentshavetostudyforthewholedayandsimplydon’thavethetimetodeveloptheirinterests.Acompulsoryhouseholdskillsclasscangivethemmorechancestomeetvariousaspectsoflifeandhelpthemdiscoverdifferentpassions.Somechildrenwhoareinterestedinfoodorthosewhohaveaninterestinmaintaininghomeappliancescandeveloptheseskillsintheclass.Jade:Thereareonlylimitedhoursinaschoolday.Withalltherequiredclassesthereisnotenoughtimeforhouseholdcourses.Ithinkitissomethingthatparentsneedtodoathomewiththeirchildren,havingthemhelparoundthehousewithcooking,cleaning,washing,planting.etc.Rememberschoolcan’tteachyourchildreneverything.Theyneedyou,too!Ben:Householdcoursesshouldbemadeoptional(可选择的)forstudents.Theyshouldbegiventhechoicetotakewhatevertheylike.Ifonewantstocookdishes,heorsheiswelcome.Butitshouldnotbemadecompulsoryandforcedontoeverystudent.Linda:Schoolsshouldhavecookingclasses.Childrenwillbetaughtabouttheirfood,whereitcomesfrom,howtousethecookingtoolsproperlyandhowtocooknutritiously.Manyparentsdon’thavethisknowledgeandhavenotimeorenergytodothis.Ahouseholdclasswouldprovidetheknowledgeandtrainingthatparentsareunabletogivetheirchildren.Maria:Ilearnedsomebasiccookingskillsfrommymother,butmostofthemwerelearnedafterIgraduatedfromcollege,fromcookingbooksandonlineshortvideos.Householdskillslikecookingaremuchmoreusefulthanalotofwhatistaughtinschools,butitdoesrequiresomefullyequipped(配备齐全的)kitchens.Ihopetheseclasseswillbenefit(使受益)studentsandnotbeseenaswindowdressing.21．Jadethinkshouseholdcourses________.A．shouldbemadeoptional B．aregoodforstudents’growthC．shouldbetaughtbyparentsathome D．canhelpchildrendeveloptheirinterests22．Theunderlinedphrase“windowdressing”probablymeans“________”.A．goodlookbutnotclever B．goodformbutnotachievableC．goodtastebutnothealthy D．goodstylebutnotpopular23．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．showdifferentideasabouthouseholdcourses B．introducesomethingabouthouseholdcoursesC．encouragestudentstostudyhouseholdcourses D．tellparentstheimportanceofhouseholdcoursesUnit3SectionB2a-2e语言精讲与分层作业答案一、单词拼写1．ThetemperatureinWuxi(drop)alotlastweekbecauseofthecoldair.【答案】dropped【详解】句意：由于冷空气的影响，无锡上周的气温下降了很多。根据“lastweek”以及备选词，可知设空处的谓语动词应用一般过去时。drop“下降”，过去式是dropped。故填dropped。2．Idon’tminddoingchores.Ithinkitcanhelpteenagerstounderstandtheideaof(公平).【答案】fairness【详解】句意：我不介意做家务。我认为做家务能帮助孩子们理解公平的概念。“theideaof”表示“……的概念”，故此处应填名词；由汉语提示可知，fairness“公平”符合题意，该单词为不可数名词，故填fairness。3．Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparksand(研制；制定)otherplans.【答案】developing【详解】句意：政府正在建立自然公园并制定其他计划。develop“研制；制定”，动词；根据句子结构和空前的“and”可知，此处应用动词的现在分词形式developing。故填developing。4．It’sgenerousofWangto（提供）booksanddictionariesforchildreninpoorareas.【答案】provide【详解】句意：王很慷慨地为贫困地区的孩子们提供书籍和字典。表达“提供”用动词videsth.forsb.意为“为某人提供某物”，根据句意可知，本句包含句型It’sgenerousofsb.todosth.意为“某人做某事很慷慨”。这里不定式to后跟动词原形。故填provide。5．Weshouldhaveagoodrelationshipwithour（邻居）.【答案】neighbors/neighbours【详解】句意：我们应该和邻居保持良好的关系。根据空前没有不定冠词修饰以及所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是可数名词复数neighbo(u)rs“邻居”表泛指，故填neighbo(u)rs。二、完成句子（每空一词）6．我爸爸起得早是为了赶上早班车。Myfathergotupearlytocatchthefirstsubway.【答案】inorder【详解】根据所给中文可知，空格处为“为了”，根据“tocatchthefirstsubway”可知，inordertodosth.“为了做某事”。故填in；order。7．你把宠物狗照顾得这么好，真是个细心的人。Itisyoucareofpetdog.【答案】carefuloftotake【详解】Itis+形容词+for/ofsbtodosth“对某人来说做某事是……的”，其中形容词修饰事物时，应用for，修饰人的性格、品质时，应用of。careful“细心的”，修饰人，应用of；takecareof“照顾”。故填careful；of；to；take。8．既然没有其他人看到这些外星人，我拒绝相信你的话。nooneelsesawthesealiens,Ibelieveyou.【答案】Sincerefuseto【详解】since表示“既然”，引导原因状语从句；refusetodo“拒绝做”。结合语境可知，“我拒绝相信你的话”是发生在现在，表示现在不相信对方的话，主语是I，动词用原形。故填Since；refuse；to。9．玩电脑游戏就是浪费时间。Playingcomputergamesisatime.【答案】wasteof【详解】分析题干可知空格处中文是“浪费时间”，是固定短语“awasteoftime”。空格前后已经出现“a”及“time”，故填waste；of。10．我讨厌做家务。Ithechores.【答案】hatedoing【详解】“讨厌做某事”可用动词短语hatedoingsth，“做家务”是动词短语dothechores，动词do的动名词为doing。结合语境，可知该句应用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用动词原形。故填hate；doing。三、单项选择11．MissZengsavesallhermoney________buyagiftforhermother.A．inorderto B．sothat C．inorderthat D．suchas【答案】A【详解】句意：曾小姐省下所有钱以便于给她的妈妈买一份礼物。考查连词辨析。inorderto为了，后面接动词原形；sothat以便于，引导目的状语从句；inorderthat以便于，引导目的状语从句；suchas例如。因为本空后面接的动词短语，所以排除B、C选项。根据句意可知，本空后面的句子表示目的，所以本空应填inorderto。选A。12．—I’msorry.Welostthematch.—It’sapity.________,eachofyouhavetriedyourbestandyouarestillourheroes.A．Moreover B．Anyway C．So D．Otherwise【答案】B【详解】句意：——对不起，我们输了比赛。——真遗憾。无论如何，你们每个人都尽了最大的努力，你们仍然是我们的英雄。考查副词辨析。Moreover而且，另外；Anyway无论如何，无论怎样；So如此；Otherwise否则。根据“It’sapity.”和“eachofyouhavetriedyourbestandyouarestillourheroes.”可知，前后文是转折关系，所以此处填入Anyway符合语境。故选B。13．—Doyoumind________yourbikeoverthere?—Notatall.A．moving B．tomove C．move D．moved【答案】A【详解】句意：——你介意把你那儿的自行车挪挪吗？——一点也不介意。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，考查动词mind的用法，mind后接doing形式。故选A。14．—WhatshallIdonow?—________it’sraininghard,let’sstayathomeandwatchTV.A．So B．Since C．Though D．If【答案】B【详解】句意：——我现在该怎么办？——既然雨下得很大，我们就待在家里看电视吧。考查连词辨析。So所以；Since既然；Though虽然；If是否，如果。根据“it’sraininghard,let’sstayathomeandwatchTV”可知，既然雨下得大，所以决定待在家里看电视，用since引导原因状语从句，故选B。15．Someyoungpeoplealwaysneedhelpfromtheirparents.Theyshouldlearnto________themselves.A．keepintouchwith B．makejokesaboutC．copydown D．dependon【答案】D【详解】句意：有些年轻人总是需要父母的帮助。他们应该学会依靠自己。考查动词短语。keepintouchwith(与……)保持联系；makejokesabout拿……开玩笑；copydown抄写下来；dependon依靠。根据“Someyoungpeoplealwaysneedhelpfromtheirparents.”可知，此处是指年轻人应该学会依靠自己，不要总是依赖父母；选项D“依靠”符合语境。故选D。16．—Aliceoften________herlearningexperiencewithus.—That’sgreat.Sheissohelpful!A．shares B．gives C．provides D．keeps【答案】A【详解】句意：——Alice经常和我们分享她的学习经验。——那真不错。她太乐于助人了。考查动词辨析。shares分享；gives给；provides提供；keeps保持。根据“That’sgreat.Sheissohelpful.”可知，她很乐于助人，是分享她的学习经验，sharesth.withsb.表示“和某人分享某物”。故选A。17．Alotofnewroadswillbebuiltinorderto________thevillagesinthenextfiveyears.A．surprise B．develop C．raise D．make【答案】B【详解】句意：为了在未来五年发展这些村庄，将修建许多新的道路。考查动词辨析。surprise使惊讶；develop发展；raise筹集；make制造。根据“Alotofne