2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练专题14 完形填空说明文含答案

2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练专题14完形填空说明文含答案专题14完形填空说明文目录题型综述 2解题攻略 2题型01利用语义复现解题 2题型02利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题题型03利用逻辑关系解题 4题型04利用语境暗示分析法解题 5高考练场题型简介说明文是高考英语完形填空中的一种并不常考文体，其主要功能是介绍、解释或说明事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理等。与记叙文相比，说明文的语言更加简练、平实、准确，通常采用客观描述。文章主题明确，层次分明，作者通常在文章开头就点明说明对象。命题类型词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。解题思路抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通顺、逻辑合理。先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。技巧一：利用语义复现解题【题型诠释】复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。[示例]Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis__41__processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL—AmericanSignLanguage(美式手语)．41．A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formal[示例]Goodmannersatmealtimeshelpyouandthosearoundyoutofeel49.Thisistrueathomeasmuchasitistrueinsomeoneelse’shomeorinarestaurant.Good50makemealsmoreenjoyableforeveryoneatthetable.50.A.dishes B.mannersC.atmospheresD.friends技巧二：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题【题型诠释】在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。[示例]Whenmenarehelduptogetherforalongperiod,theybegintofeeluneasy.Everyonehaslittlehabitsofspeakingandbehavingthatareordinarilyacceptable.Inthelimitedspaceoveralongperiodoftime,however,theselittlehabitsmaybecomevery50.50．A．pleasingB．annoyingC．commonD．valuable[示例]...gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.28.A.annoyedB.interestedC.discouragedD.confused技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题【题型诠释】在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。[示例]Areyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriend’shomeorinarestaurantthantheyareatyourownhome?Probablyso,45youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners.45.A.because B.but C.unless D.though[示例]AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhythefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole—suchaschild-centeredlearning,the“discovery”method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils—therehavebeenseveralserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.55.A.Dueto B.Inadditionto C.Insteadof D.Inspiteof技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题【题型诠释】在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。[示例]Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbodychemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative__47__.ThebookmadeCousinsthinkaboutthepossible__48__ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.47.A.attitudesB.beliefsC.goals D.positions48.A.shortcomingB.harmC.benefit D.interest[示例]Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh（2022全国乙卷）Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldn’t52toher.Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply58mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.41.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing42.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick43.A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced44.A.supported B.guaranteed C.imagined D.interpreted45.A.disappointing B.mixed C.surprising D.desired46.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested47.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor48.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears49.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool50.A.event B.thing C.action D.accident51.A.Yet B.Now C.Soon D.Once52.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave53.A.instructions B.descriptions C.experiments D.assumptions54.A.comprehended B.predicted C.explored D.ignored55.A.partly B.honestly C.vaguely D.exactly56.A.responses B.approaches C.contribution D.sensitivity57.A.ability B.belief C.identity D.purpose58.A.holdback B.relateto C.insiston D.makeup59.A.limitations B.requirements C.theories D.findings60.A.tentative B.impressive C.creative D.effective(2018年上海高考)When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswiththeirdates.1,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelayingactivitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto2.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournalChildDevelopment,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetriedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous(急剧的)3inthepastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,andsuburbanareas.Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe4haveslimmedconsiderably.Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhighschoolstudentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersforDiseaseControlstatistics.uPeoplesay,'Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,'butthey're5thelargertrend,"saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lagsurveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless6inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgettingjobsbecauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson's"lifestrategy"slowsdownorspeedsupdependingonhisorher7,exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe8effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst9,"You'dhavealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswillhavekidsyoung,andexpectthattherewillbemore10andfewerresources,"saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversitywhoistheauthorof"iGen：WhyToday'sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood."Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore11aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworkingforpaywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources,"thestudysaid.ButAmericaisshiftingmoretowardthe12model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,Twengesaid.uEveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheideathatchildrenneedtobecarefully

13hasreallysunkin.‘‘The14of41adultactivities''couldnotbeattributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhoursonhomeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s(withtheexceptionofcommunityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe15,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomforcreativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.1．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides2．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood3．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes4．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts5．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing6．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized7．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits8．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar9．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion10．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases11．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably12．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster13．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated14．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment15．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．resultA（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）China’sspaceexplorationhasonceagainachievedagreatsuccess.ThelaunchoftheShenzhou-19spacecraftwasamemorablemomentforallChinese,markingthebeginningofanew1inChina’sspacejourney.TheLongMarch-2Frocketwastheperfect2forthisimportantmissionwithitsimpressiveappearanceandstabletechnology,andtheastronautsunderwent3training.Atzeroseconds,witheveryone’shearts4,therocketsoaredintothesky,leavingatrailoffireandsmoke.BackonEarth,peoplewatchedthelaunchonTVand5theastronauts’progressthroughlivebroadcast.Thesuccessfullaunchandoperationofthespacecraft6China’sabilitytocompetewiththeworld’sleadingspaceagencies.Duringthemission,theastronautswillhave7taskstoaccomplish.Theywill8scientificexperimentsandprepareforfuturemissions.Theywillalsotaketimetoenjoythebeautiful9ofEarthfromspace.TheShenzhou-19spacecraftissupposedto10itsmissionaftersixmonthsinspace.Thesuccessofthemissionwillinspiremanyyoungpeopletopursuetheirdreamsofbecomingastronauts.Since2003,witheachnewmission,Chinahasshownitsabilityto11andpushtheboundariesofhumanknowledge.Andwithitsstrongscientificandtechnological12,Chinaissuretomakegreaterachievementsinthefuture.TheShenzhou-19missionisaconstant13ofChina’sgrowinginfluenceinspaceexploration.ItmarksanewerainChina’sspaceexplorationand14theworld’sattentiontothecountry’sdevelopment.AsChinacontinuestoprogress,wecanonlyimaginewhatthefutureholdsforthis15nation.1．A．framework B．chapter C．mode D．platform2．A．option B．combination C．location D．definition3．A．dramatic B．appealing C．flexible D．demanding4．A．beating B．sinking C．racing D．melting5．A．followed B．documented C．monitored D．noticed6．A．facilitated B．identified C．clarified D．demonstrated7．A．multiple B．urgent C．physical D．risky8．A．drawon B．carryout C．bringup D．dealwith9．A．images B．fields C．sights D．figures10．A．summarize B．occupy C．interrupt D．complete11．A．wonder B．innovate C．sustain D．apply12．A．expansion B．background C．introduction D．competence13．A．reminder B．warning C．operation D．factor14．A．refer B．limits C．absorbs D．connects15．A．humble B．powerful C．reliable D．generousB（24-25高三上·河南濮阳·阶段练习）Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,thechoiceofan16shouldbemadeevenbeforethechoiceofthecurriculum(课程)inhighschool.17,manypeoplejusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirmindsandmostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives,18becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprovetheirpositions.Actually,the“perfectjob”doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshouldenterintoabroadflexibletrainingprogramthatwillpreparethemforafieldofworkratherthanjustforasingle19.Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans20gettingproperhelpfromacompetentoccupationalcounselor(置业顾问)orpsychologist.Knowing21abouttheoccupationalworld,orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss22.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others23toapieceofworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforits24prestige(声望).Toomanyhighschoolstudents—ortheirparents-chooseaprofessionalfield,25boththerelativelysmallpercentageofworkersintheprofessionandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal26.Theimaginaryprestigeofaprofessionis27goodreasonforchoosingitasalifetime’swork.What’sworse,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.Sincealargepercentageofjobsaremechanicalandmanualwork,the28ofyoungpeopleshouldgiveserious29tothesefields.Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathe/shewantsoutoflifeandhowhardhe/sheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake30forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasitsdemandsaswellasitsrewards.So,youmustbecarefulordosomecareeraptitudetestsbeforemakingthefinalchoicetogetaheadstart.16．A．identification B．accommodation C．entertainment D．occupation17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Thus D．Therefore18．A．thoroughly B．mainly C．usually D．partly19．A．means B．job C．tale D．certificate20．A．without B．via C．with D．through21．A．little B．more C．much D．less22．A．chance B．purpose C．basis D．mixture23．A．apply B．appeal C．accuse D．stick24．A．imaginary B．inspirational C．generous D．greedy25．A．concerning B．following C．ignoring D．considering26．A．priorities B．requirements C．tendencies D．ambitions27．A．one B．any C．the D．no28．A．majority B．chorus C．minority D．number29．A．proposal B．profile C．approval D．consideration30．A．turns B．parts C．risks D．choicesC（24-25高三上·黑龙江大庆·期中）DuringtheNov.11shoppingevent,manypeopletendtobuymorethantheyneedbecauseofsalesandpromotionorjustaplainurge.Butwhatnormally31theshoppingmadnessisnot32butregret.That’sbecausemanypeoplejustbuythingstofilltheemptinessintheirhearts,butaccumulatingthingsactually33theburdenintheirminds.TheconceptofDansharimayprovidea(n)34totheproblem.DanshariisbasedonthreeChinesecharacters,duansheli,35refusal,disposalandseparation.Itpromotestheideaofremoving36thingsandseparatingoneselffromthedrivetoown37possessions.Therearetwobasicrulesthat38whetheryoushouldkeepsomething—therelationshipbetweenyouandtheitemunder39aswellasthetiming.Sobeforeyou40yourpaymentpasswordforsomething,askyourselftwoquestions:DoIneeditnow?Doesitsuitme?Danshariencouragesyounotonlyto41things,buttogiveuptheunreasonabledesireassociatedwithowningthem.Nowadays,peopleneedtolearnto42theirdailylives.Buyonlythenecessitiesandsuitableitems,regularly43thingsyoudon’tneedanymore,andthenyou’llgetfreedominyourheart.However,itdoesn’tmeanthatyoushouldkillyourdesireandlivealessinterestinglife.Instead,youshould44yourselfratherthanmaterialgoods.Through45whattobuyandwhattothrowaway,youcanseeadeeperreflectionofyourself,thereforelearningtomakewisedecisionsaboutmoreimportantthings.31．A．prevents B．promotes C．starts D．follows32．A．satisfaction B．wealth C．relief D．expectation33．A．measures B．covers C．relieves D．indicates34．A．limit B．alternative C．solution D．introduction35．A．abolishing B．meaning C．violating D．predicting36．A．unnecessary B．temporary C．used D．updated37．A．private B．valuable C．material D．popular38．A．prove B．permit C．decide D．affect39．A．guarantee B．control C．discussion D．consideration40．A．change B．enter C．provide D．create41．A．getover B．getalongwith C．getridof D．getthrough42．A．fix B．risk C．enrich D．simplify43．A．discover B．recycle C．cherish D．abandon44．A．reflecton B．focuson C．giveup D．cheerup45．A．choosing B．avoiding C．comparing D．mentioningD（24-25高三上·河北邯郸·阶段练习）Everymorningat4:30a.m.,YangHe,a64-year-oldphotographer,wakesupinthe46hoursanddrivestothebanksoftheYangtzeRiverinYichang,Hubeiprovince.Uponarrival,hepatientlywaitsthereforfinlessporpoises(江豚)tocomeoutfromthewater,hopingto47theirbeauty.Asadevoted48offinlessporpoises,Yanghastakenmorethan100,000vividphotosofthe49speciesinthepastsixyears.“Iknowthisgroupoffinlessporpoisesvery50.Theyarejustlikemychildren,”hesays.YangtzefinlessporpoisesaresoconnectedtotheYangtzeRiverthatanychangeinthehealthofitcansupportorthreatentheir51.“Ifirst52afinlessporpoiseasateenagerwhentherewerefarfewerboatsontheRiver.Iwould53seethempursuingboatsastheymadetheirwaydowntheriver,”Yangsays,addingthatashumanactivityincreased,theybecomerare.Overthepastfewdecades,however,significantmeasureshavebeen54tochangethefateofthisspecies.In2017,Yangwasfortunateenoughtospotafinlessporpoiseafteralong55.Overthelastfiveyearsalone,thepopulationofYangtzefinlessporpoiseshasincreasedto1,249,markinga56of23.4percent.Today,groupsofthesecreaturescanonceagainbe57leapingabovethewater’ssurface.“IwillcontinuetotakemorebeautifulphotosofthemaslongasIamableto58acameraandkeepa(n)59onthem,”Yangsays,addingthathewillmakeithislife’smissionto60theseremarkablecreatures.46．A．office B．small C．big D．rush47．A．reflect B．inquire C．photograph D．justify48．A．admirer B．specialist C．keeper D．subscriber49．A．motivated B．endangered C．occupied D．caged50．A．further B．slightly C．little D．well51．A．comprehension B．weight C．survival D．vision52．A．pictured B．trained C．reserved D．encountered53．A．frequently B．rarely C．occasionally D．never54．A．calledoff B．carriedout C．putaside D．gotacross55．A．reference B．inquiry C．gap D．inference56．A．decline B．tendency C．share D．rise57．A．justified B．expected C．observed D．dominated58．A．hold B．abandon C．deserve D．polish59．A．pace B．ear C．secret D．eye60．A．advocate B．document C．transform D．donate专题14完形填空说明文目录题型综述 2解题攻略 2题型01利用语义复现解题 2题型02利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题题型03利用逻辑关系解题 4题型04利用语境暗示分析法解题 5高考练场题型简介说明文是高考英语完形填空中的一种并不常考文体，其主要功能是介绍、解释或说明事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理等。与记叙文相比，说明文的语言更加简练、平实、准确，通常采用客观描述。文章主题明确，层次分明，作者通常在文章开头就点明说明对象。命题类型词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。解题思路抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通顺、逻辑合理。先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。技巧一：利用语义复现解题【题型诠释】复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。[示例]Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis__41__processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL—AmericanSignLanguage(美式手语)．41．A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formal[解析]A本题可利用语义复现解题。由上文中的explorenewaspectsoflife可知，所填词与explore(探索)在词义上相近，故选searching(寻找)。planning计划；natural自然的；formal正式的。[示例]Goodmannersatmealtimeshelpyouandthosearoundyoutofeel49.Thisistrueathomeasmuchasitistrueinsomeoneelse’shomeorinarestaurant.Good50makemealsmoreenjoyableforeveryoneatthetable.50.A.dishes B.mannersC.atmospheresD.friends【解析】B我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇manners。故答案为B。技巧二：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题【题型诠释】在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。[示例]Whenmenarehelduptogetherforalongperiod,theybegintofeeluneasy.Everyonehaslittlehabitsofspeakingandbehavingthatareordinarilyacceptable.Inthelimitedspaceoveralongperiodoftime,however,theselittlehabitsmaybecomevery50.50．A．pleasingB．annoyingC．commonD．valuable【解析】B结合上下文，意思是在狭小的空间里呆的时间过长，平时习惯的小动作也变得令人不能容忍了。上文theybegintofeeluneasy是提示。A项“令人高兴的”、C项“普通的”、D项“有价值的”意思都不符合语境。只有B项annoying与上文中的uneasy在作者的情感态度上最接近。[示例]...gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.28.A.annoyedB.interestedC.discouragedD.confused[解析]ABut是这里的语篇标记语，表示转折关系。由此我们可推测，尽管作者的旅行社经纪人总是能给他买到最低价的机票等，但是她冷冰冰的声音着实让作者不开心，故annoyed符合此处语境。技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题【题型诠释】在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。[示例]Areyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriend’shomeorinarestaurantthantheyareatyourownhome?Probablyso,45youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners.45.A.because B.but C.unless D.though【解析】A你之所以在朋友家或餐馆的用餐礼仪比在自家时要好，是因为你知道人们会据此来评判一个人文明程度。不难判断“youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners”是表达前文的理由，用连词because。[示例]AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhythefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole—suchaschild-centeredlearning,the“discovery”method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils—therehavebeenseveralserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.55.A.Dueto B.Inadditionto C.Insteadof D.Inspiteof【解析】B选项分别解释为“由于”、“除……外”、“代替”、“尽管”。理解上下文语境可知其逻辑关系是列举补充关系，故选B。该段主旨是：语言教学失败除了自身原因外，还有其它诸因素的直接影响。下文破折号后的therehavebeenseveral…为判断其逻辑关系提供了线索。技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题【题型诠释】在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。[示例]Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbodychemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative__47__.ThebookmadeCousinsthinkaboutthepossible__48__ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.47.A.attitudesB.beliefsC.goals D.positions48.A.shortcomingB.harmC.benefit D.interest【解析】这两题均考查根据上下文选择正确的名词。上句意为“……书中讨论到紧张的情绪和消极的。。。都会损害人体组织和健康”。紧接着下句，意为“这本书使Cousins考虑到，积极的态度和情感可能带来的.....”。上句中的negativeattitude,damaged等词与下句中的positiveattitude,benefit形成对照，是解题关键。故47题A选项为正确答案；48题C为正确答案。[示例]Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh[解析]Dfreshideas与本句后面的newlydiscoveredinformation对应。（2022全国乙卷）Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldn’t52toher.Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply58mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.41.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing42.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick43.A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced44.A.supported B.guaranteed C.imagined D.interpreted45.A.disappointing B.mixed C.surprising D.desired46.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested47.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor48.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.