2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题（含听力）（解析版）

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国I卷）

英语学科

本试卷共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生先洛自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生

信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0・5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工

整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草

稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分听力（1・20小题）在笔试结束后进行。（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读

一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WliatwillJackprobablydothisweekend?

A.Gocamping.B.Visitafriend.C.Watchafilm.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Jack,areyougoingcampingwithyourfriendsthisweekend?

M:Itdepends.Ifit\sunny,wellgo.

W:Theweathermansaysit'sgoingtorain.

M:Inthatcase,wellgotothecinemainstead.

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?

A.Takecareofherbags.

B.Packthefoodforher.

C.Checkthetrainschedule.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Excuseme,couldyoumindmybagsforamoment?Iwanttobuysomefoodat(heconveniencestore.

M:Noproblem.Butbequick.Itwasannouncedthatmytrainwouldarrivein10minutes.

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhenwillthemanseeBob?

A.ThisFriday.B.ThisSaturday.C.NextMonday.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:BobcameoutofhospitallastFriday.Haveyougotachancetovisithim?

M:IplantoseehimthisSaturday.

W:Aren'tyougoingtotheconferencethen?

M:No.IthasbeenrescheduledfornextMonday.

4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whydoesthemanapologize?

A.Fortheterriblefood.

B.Fortheovercharge.

C.Forthewaiter'srudeness.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Sorry,Miss.Wcmadeaterriblemistakeaddingupthehill.Hereisthetendollarswchavetoreturnto

you.

W:Oh,Ididn'tnoticethat.It'sOK.Don'tblamethewaiter.He'sbeenreallynice.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatarcthespeakerstalkingabout?

AWritingabook.B.Holdingacelebration.C.Buyingapresent.

【答案】C

【解析】

［原文］W:DoyouthinkwcshouldgetSteveabookforthenewyear?

M:Booksaregood.ButStevewouldn'ttakejustanybook.Hehashadthisparticularoneongeography.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6.WhydocsSaramakethephonecall?

A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toarrangeanouting.C.lbcancelanappointment.

7.WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?

A.Gotoadinnerparty.B.TalktoSarainperson.C.Workonthenewcase.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Hello,Sara.

W:Hello,David.Ican,tcomefbrdinnertonight.Sorry.

M:Oh,whathappened?

W:We'vegotanewcaseandthingsgetprettycrazyhereintheoffice.

M:Well,thenI'llcometoyou.

W:No,no,nottonight.LetmeseeifIcanarrangeanothernight.

M:Sara,please.Weneedtotalk.It,saboutmyjob.

W:Thentellmeonthephone.

M:No,it'sbetterifwcdoitinperson.Howabouttomorrownight?

W:I'mnotsure.Youcangivemeacalltomorrowafternoon.

M:OK.

听下面一段较长对话，问答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8.WhereisJimnow?

A.Inataxi.B.Onabus.C.Inhisoffice.

9.Whatisthewoman'ssuggestion?

A.Goingtothecitycenter.

B.Takingashortcuthome.

C.MeetingJiminthepark.

【答案】8.A9.B

【解析】

［原文】W:Jimwillcallonusthisafternoon.Doyouknowwhereheisnow?

M:Er...wait.Letmesee.Hehasserttwomessagessayingthathe'sdonewithhisworkattheofficeandgotataxi

and...andhe'llarriveintwentyminutes.

W:Wccan'tkeephimwaitingoutsideourhome.Wehavetohurry.

M:Butittakesatleasthalfanhourtogettothecitycenterbybus.Lookatthetraffic.

W:Let'sgetoff.Wccansaveatleasttwentyminutesbywalkingthroughthepark.

M:Areyousure?

W:Yes.Ahundredpercent.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10.WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?

A.Sheplantedvegetables.

B.Shewenttoayardsale.

C.Shevisitedhergrandpa.

11.WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?

A.Aplaneticket.B.Afamilyphoto.C.Apostcard.

12.WheredoesMarklive?

A.LosAngeles.B.Chicago.C.Philadelphia.

13.WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?

A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.

【答案】10.C11.A12.C13.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Morning,Mark.

M:Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?

W:Great.Iwenttomygrandpa's.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.Mydaughterhadagreattimethere.

Whataboutyou?

M:Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayandgotseveralbooks.

W:Novels?

M:Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceofpaperfellout.Itwasanairticket

from2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelestoChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.

W:Wasit?

M:Yes.Ashley,mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworkedinChicago.Bothofthem

oftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehegotthebook.Hesaiditwasboughtatasecond-hand

bookstoreinLosAngelesthreeyearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.

W:So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister'soldbooklandedinyourhands.That'sreallycrazy.

听下面•段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.Whatisprobablythewoman?

A.Ateacher.B.Ajournalist.C.Anathlete.

15.WhatdoesVictorfinddifficultasamemberofthebasketballteam?

A.Adaptinghimselftotheintensetraining.

B.Dealingwiththepressurefromthecoach.

C.Regainingtheskillslearnedinhighschool.

16.WhatdoesVictorsayabouttheplayersontheteam?

A.Theyareofthesameage.

B.Theyaresimilarincharacter.

C.Theyarefromdifferentcountries.

17.HowdoesVictorfeelabouthisteamnow?

A.It'sabouttobreakup.B.It'sthebestinIndiana.C.It'sgettingstronger.

【答案】14.BI5.A16.C17.C

【解析】

（原文】W:Victor,you'vebeenhereinIndianaforsixweeksnow.Howarcyoufeeling?

M:ithinkI'vegotusedtocollegelife,goingtoclasses,workingoutandhangingoutwithmyfriendsThough

there'spressuretomeetdeadlines,lifehereisneverboring.

W:What'sbeenhardaboutbeinganIndiananbasketballplayer?

M:Well,thetrainingisverycompetitive,weightliftingandrunningeveryday.It'snotlikehighschool.Inhigh

school,Ireallydidn'thavetodothat.Tinjusttryingtogetusedtoit.And1thinkIam.

W:Althispoint,howdoyouseeyourselffittingintothisgroup?

M:Ithinkwe'realldiflerent.GeorgeisfromBritain.ChrisandLeoarefromAustralia.TinfromFrance.Andthe

restareAmericans.ButIgetalongwitheverybody.Youknow,wearereallystartingtobond.It'sgreattoseehow

wcgroweachdayasateam.

W:Thanks,Victor.IwishyouaveryhappyandfruitfulstayinIndiana.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

18.WhoisTomHokinson?

A.Founderofamagazine.B.Publisherofanovel.C.Editorofanewspaper.

19.WhatdoweknowaboutthecontentofTheIdler?

A.It'sold-fashioned.B.It'swide-ranging.C.It'sstudent-targeted.

20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetdk?

A.Tbdoapromotion.B.Todiscussanissue.C.Tointroducealecturer.

【答案】18.A19.B2（）.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Goodevening,dearlisteners.Whenwasthelasttimeyouenjoyedleisureactivities?Doyou

wanttoliveafullandhappylife?Today,I'mgoingtointroducetoyouamagazinethatfeaturestheartofliving.

TheIdlerwaslaunchedbyTornHodgkinson,backin1993.Withtheintentionofprovidingabitoffun,freedom

andachievementinthebusyworld,itisnowpublishedbimonthly.Ineveryissue,youwillfindaninterestingmixof

interviewsandessaysonthegoodlife,history,philosophy,artsandfashionphotography.Youwillfindmuchto

laughatandmuchusefulstuffaswell,fromrecipesformakingbacontoguidestohousekeeping.Ifyoueverfelt

thatthereismoretolifethanboringjobs,thenwhynotsubscribetoit?TheIdlerisacheeringreadthatmakesyou

feelbetteraboutlife.Youcandownloadtheapplicationandsubscribetodaytogetyourfirstissuefree.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemost

economical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeauiifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.

YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.With

over2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailable

foryou.Weoffer（henewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（刹车）,bikeswithhand

brakeandgears（排挡）,bikeswithchildscats,andchildren'sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€11.00€7.50

1day（24hours）F14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryand

muchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuy

yourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.ItorganizesfreecycleCours.D.Ithasover2.500rentalshops.

22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.£19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

【答案】21.B22.C23.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等

细节。

[21题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfoot

brake（刹车）,bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排挡）,bikeswithchildscats,andchildren'sbikes.（我们提供种类

繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自

行车）”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8

欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:0（）pm

everyday.（旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午I点开始）”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故

选D。

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-mach:ne.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks.Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsin（heeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eatil!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewaler.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreated

sewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machine（ocleancanalwaterin

Fuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

''Ecologicaldcsign,,isthenameJohngivestowhathedocs."LiftonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfbr

theinventor,nhesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthese

newsystemsdevelop（heirownwaystoself-repair.”

24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfrom（hefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

26.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

27.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用

自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthrough

plantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscould

beusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（当约翰•托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围

的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，•条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往

会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱）”以及第二段“After

studyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentback（oobservingnatureandaskingquestions.

Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcancatcanccr-causingchemicals?（在大

学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有

害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去）”

以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeas

foodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他对结果感

到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净

水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse

likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污ZQfrom1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedancco-niachincto

cleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类

似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部

城巾.福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobsenewhat'shappening.Thenyou

letthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么＜.

然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks

andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightfbryou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigital

mir.imalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasingly

intolerable,beforemovingon（oadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeciutter.This

processrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,you

wiEthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefits

tothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldec1utter.Indoingso,Til

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperfbnnadigitaldeclutter.You'llhear

theseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellfbrthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

Thesecondpartof（hisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培养］asustainable

digitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesschapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthe

necessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapter

concludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcan

viewthesepracticesasa（oolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticular

circumstances.

28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declulter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。

【28题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includinga

detailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyou

decideit'srightforyou.（这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后

如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学）”可知，这本书的FI的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选

Bo

【29题详解】

词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirty

days.Altheendof（hethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthat

youbelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.（这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活

动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活

动）”可推知，画线词Mdeclutter"的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。

【30题详解】

推理判断题o通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Tilguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourown

dig:taldec1utter.Indoingso.I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperform

adigitaldeckitter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将

借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后

一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。

【31题详解】

推理判断题。通过文章最后一段"Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuilda

minimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮

助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第

二部分中提及的实践。故选A。

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometo

beknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds''cffcct.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,

theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（转折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekey

findingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroups（hatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantly

moreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith1（X）universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether^^.Somehow,these

argumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductionineiTor.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitations

andmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

33.Navajas5studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeof（hegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量

独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。

【32题详解】

主旨大意题o根据第二段内容“Thiseffectcapitalizeson（hefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren't

alwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrors

arcaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearcsimilarandtend

tomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowds

requiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Iffbrwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedor

dependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这

此错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这曲误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它

们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵

消。从更专'他的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关

或依赖，估计的准确性就会卜•降）”可.知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均

在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的立均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预

测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B,

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicaltenns,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeopledestimatesbe

independent.（从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的）”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingof

thestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,the

averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.For

instance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlynoreaccurate

thantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允

许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组

的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分

成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到

的。故选D。

【34题详解】

推理判断题o根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,（heresearcherstriedtogetabetter

senseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabout

theirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在■项针对100名大学生的后续研究

中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对•自己的估计最有

信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组

成员在讨论中实际做了什么.结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。

[35题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容”AllhoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,