中考英语一轮复习：阅读理解之议论文（讲义）（原卷版）

A第04讲阅读理解之议论文（讲义）

目录

复习目标掌握目标及备考方向

二考情分析中考阅读理解议论文考情分析

1.细节理解题

2.推理判断题

阅读议论文的

三3.词义猜测题

考向

4.主旨大意题

5.提升必考题型归纳

四真题感悟中考阅读议论文经典考题精选

【复习目标】

1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构

2.明确命题规律和提问方式

3.掌握不同题型的解题方法

【考情分析】

阅读理解议论文命题规律

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或

作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下

文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读

理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。

【名师解难】

议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要*.3是议论文的核心，是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场；

是文章要表达的主要思想；找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。论据是作者

所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，理清论据

材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。k证方法多种多样，常见的有1.归纳法，即从分析

个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论；2.演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、

分析后得出结论；3.比较对照法，即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论；

4.驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。

1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，不过相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，

在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。k正确选项特征为：I同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。

2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及

判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不

太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不

出现绝对概念。

4.词义猜测：考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，

而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等手段。

4议论文答题技巧

.夯基-必备基础知识梳理

一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨

标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、

概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的

哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总一分一总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的

论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结

文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例

之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。

二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解

除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时

间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题（按事情发展顺序排序），图表题（按文章内容找出正确图形），正误题（依

据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断）。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中

找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻

读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据

地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词,

则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑

关系。

三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图

做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的

推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主

题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间

顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，

把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：

读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后

设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的"潜台词”。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作

者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语

气与感情基调。

四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧

由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感

到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二

是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关

系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或

同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。

总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面

入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提

高学生自主学习的能力。

.提升-必考题型归纳

（一）

（2023・安徽•校联考模拟预测）

Noonewantstoworkatamessy（凌舌L的）deskandlooklazy.Butdoesamessydesktopactuallymeanthat?

Notalldisordersmeanyoumesseverythingup.

Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.Somebelieveit

helpsthemfocus（专注）moreeasily.Messytablescanmakeiteasiertofocusonthetasks,justlikesomewriters

canwritepatientlyinanoisyplace.Othersmaybethepeoplewhowanttodothingsperfectly.Theyusuallyput

awaythelessimportantthingsanddothemostimportantonesperfectly,whichleadstopapermountainsonthe

desktop.

Researchshowsthatpeopleworkingwithamessydesktopareprobablymorecreativeandliketotakerisks.

Butpeoplewithatidyoneoftenfollowtherulesandmaynotliketotrynewthings.Forexample,inanexperiment

（实验）donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroupcameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideas

aboutthenewusesofping-pongballs.Vbhssays,“Messyenvironmentsseemtoinspire（激发）peopletothinkup

freshideas.”

Butamessydeskmightnotbethebestchoiceallthetime.Whenyouneednewideas,amessydeskmightbe

agoodchoice;butwhenyouwanttodoataskquicklyandsuccessfully,itseemsbettertomakeadeskcleanand

tidy.

1.Whydosomepeoplelikeamessydesk?

A.Becausetheyarelazyanduntidy.B.Becausetheywanttodothingswell.

C.Becauseithelpsthemfocusontaskseasily.D.Becauseithelpsthemdotheirworkpatiently.

2.WhatdoestheexperimentdonebyKathleenVbhsshowus?

A.Disorderiswelcomedbymostpeopleinthisworld.

B.Amessydesktophasabadinfluenceonpeople'sminds.

C.Peopleworkingwithatidydesktopcanalsobesuccessful.

D.Peopleworkingwithamessydesktopmaybemorecreative.

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MessyDesk:DoPeopleNeedtoChangeIt?

B.MessyDesk:DoesItMakePeopleComfortable?

C.MessyDesk:DoPeopleGetUsedtoIt?

D.MessyDesk:DoesItHelpPeopleWorkPatiently?

（2023・四川绵阳•统考模拟预测）

Historyisfullofheroes,whohavemadeanenormousimpact（影响）ontheworld.

FullRizerRed（《?黄江红》）,oneofthehitmoviesin2023,remindedmeofYueFei,ournationalhero.Heled

thearmytofightbravelyagainstJin,nottoyield（屈月艮）tothetraitor（叛徒）QinHui.YueFei,accordingtoChina's

history,isarealhero.Hisstoryhasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages,beginningwithhislifeintheSouthern

SongDynasty.

Thereareheroesineverytimeperiod.Heroesarepeoplewhodosomethingbrave,unusual,orimportant.

Heroesaremenandwomenwhotakerisks.Inthefaceofnaturaldisasters,therearealsomanyretrograde（逆行的）

heroes.Theymakeapositive（积极的）differenceintheworld.

Someheroeslivedlongago.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Someheroesdid

greatthingsrecently.SallyRidewasanastronautandaneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

Someofthegreatestheroesdidnotjustdoremarkablethingsthatmadethemfamous.Intheireverydaylives,

theybehavedinwaysthatmadepeopleadmiretheircharacter.Characterisagroupofqualitiesthatmakeupwhoa

personis.Heroesareoftenpeoplewithgreatcharacter.

Manypeoplewithgreatcharacterarehonest.Honestpeopletellthetruth,evenwhenitishardtodoit.

Someonewithgreatcharactermayalsobecompassionate.Acompassionatepersoncaresaboutothersandworksto

helpthem.

Apersonwithgreatcharactermayalsoberesponsible.Responsiblepeopledothingstheypromisetodo.Other

peoplecandependonthem.

Heroesbuildfromtheirgreatcharactertodelivergreataction.Doyouhaveahero?

4.Whatkindofdifferencedoheroesmakeintheworld?

A.Asmalldifference.B.Anegative（消极的）difference.

C.Apositivedifference.D.Acrueldifference.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“admire“meaninthisarticle?

A.Lookafter.B.Lookfor.C.Lookforwardto.D.Lookupto.

6.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph3aboutdoingsomethingbrave?

A.Womenaremorelikelytodosomethingbravethanmenare.

B.Doingsomethingbravemakesadifferenceintheworld.

C.Doingsomethingbraveisthesamethingasdoingsomethingunusual.

D.Whataherodoesistakingrisks.

7.Fromthisarticle,whatistheveryqualitythatpeopleadmireinothers?

A.Honesty.B.Beauty.C.Shyness.D.Humor.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Heroesarepeoplewhomakeapositivedifferenceintheworldthroughtheiractions.

B.SallyRidewasanastronaut,aneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

C.Honesty,compassion,andresponsibilityaresomeofthequalitiesthatcanmakeupaperson'scharacter.

D.YueFeiremainsoneofthemostheroicfiguresinChinesehistory.

（2023•陕西西安•校考模拟预测）

Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized什比评）fordoingsomethingwrong,howwouldyoufeel?

Muchlikeartiststurnsomethinguselessintosomethinguseful,youcanlearntogetsomeusefulexperience

fromcriticism.

Formostofus,themistakeistoconsidercriticismasabadthing.Thatleadsustocloseourmindsandlooks

downuponwhatotherssaid.Buttheproblemisthatthetruthisoftenhiddenbehindit.Nomatterhowsmartyou

areandhowhardyouwork,thereisalwaysroomforyoutoimprove.

Somecriticismmaybewrong.Buteveninthesecases,ifsvaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractions

throughanotherpoint.Learningfromsuchcriticismrequirestheabilitytomakefeelingsworkforyou,insteadof

beingagainstwithyou.Youcanturnnegativefeedback（负面回馈）intosomethingusefulbyaskingyourselfthe

followingquestions:

•Puttingmypersonalfeelingsaside,whatcanIlearnfromthisperson'scriticism?

•HowcanIusethisfeedbacktohelpmeimprove?

Whenyouseethecriticismasanopportunityforgrowth,itcanhelpyoutoimproveyourideasgreatly.It's

nevergoodtohearthatyouarewrong.Whenyoudoeverything,rememberthis:praiseisnice.Butit'sthepeople

whotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.Ifstheoneswhochallengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.

9.Howdidthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bylistingafact.B.Bytellingastory.C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bygivingareason.

10.Whyissomewrongcriticismvaluable?

A.Becauseitcanhelpustorealizehowsmartweare.

B.Becausewecangetsomeusefulexperiencefromit.

C.Becauseitcanhelpustoseeouractionsinanotherway.

D.Becauseitcanleadsustocloseourminds.

11.Whafsthewriter'sopiniononcriticism?

A.Hethinksweshouldconsideritasanopportunityforgrowth.

B.Hethinksitisabadthing.

C.Hethinksallthecriticismiswrong.

D.Hethinkswecanhardlyturnitintosomethinguseful.

（2023•重庆沙坪坝•重庆南开中学校考二模）

Doestheuniversityyouattendorthemajor（专业）youchoosedecideyoursuccessinthefuture?Accordingto

arecentsurvey,48.6%ofthepeoplebelievethattheuniversityplaysanimportantroleinshapingtheirfuture.But

33.8%ofthepeoplethinkone'smajorismoreimportant.

FuXiisastudentatPekingUniversity,oneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.Hethinkshisuniversitydoes

bringmanyunseenadvantages.acIfIhadnoacademic（学术的）trainingorexperiencesofdifferentclubsincollege,

Iwouldn,thavesuccessfullygotmyfirstinternship（实习）inaleadingbank,“FutoldthereporterfromChina

YouthDaily.Asforhim,studentscouldimprovetheirabilitiesthroughinternshipsoracademicactivitiestomake

themselvesreadyforajoborfurtherstudies,nomatterwhichmajortheychoose.

However,ChenYufei,20yearsold,whostudiesJapaneseatTianjinUniversity,doesn'tthinkso.▲After

gettinglowerscoresthanexpectedinGaokao,Chenlostthechancetostudyherfavoritemajor——Chinese.

“HavingnointerestinJapanese,IfeltunhappywhentakingJapaneseclassesinthefirstyear,“Chensaid.Later,she

hadproblemsinfindingherdreamjob.""Differentmajorswillleadtodifferentjobswhichfinallyleadtodifferent

incomes（收入）,“Chenadded.ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill

mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience.

Boththeuniversityandone'smajorareimportant,buttheydon'tnecessarilydecideyourlife,accordingto

ChuZhaohui,aprofessionalresearcheroftheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences."Forstudents,personal

developmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceintheuniversity,9,Chusaid.

12.FromParagraph2,weknowthat.

A.FuXiisreallythankfultohisuniversity

B.FuXidoesn'tenjoyworkinginaleadingbank

C.FuXicansucceed,nomatterwhatuniversityhechooses

D.FuXidislikeshismajor,buthetriestoimprovehisabilities

13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲?

A.ShebelievessheshouldstudycomputerscienceinsteadofJapanese.

B.Shebelievesbothuniversityandmajorarethekeytoone'ssuccess.

C.Shebelievesthatarightmajorhasmuchmoreweightthanagooduniversity.

D.Shebelieveswhateveryourmajoris,youmuststudyhard.

14.Inthelastparagraph,ChuZhaohui'swordsarementionedto.

A.teachstudentshowtochooseagoodmajoranduniversity

B.showwhatstudentsthinkaboutthesurveyisreasonable

C.tellstudentsthatone'sfuturedependsonhismajoranduniversity

D.advisestudentstopaymoreattentiontowhattheydointheuniversity

15.Thewriterdevelopsthewholepassageby.

A.tellingstoriesB.listingnumbersC.raisingquestionsD.sharingopinions

（2023・四川泸州•统考二模）

Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday.Astudycarriedoutbythe

PewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.Thewideuseofsocialmediahaschanged

nearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.

Changingrelationships:

HighschoolstudentEllyCooperfromIllinoissaidsocialmediaoftenreducesface-to-facecommunication.t4It

makesin-personrelationshipsharderbecausepeoplegiveattentiontotheirphonesinsteadoftheirboyfriendsor

girlfriends,9,Coopersaid.Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith

anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives

inScotland,butthey5restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother."IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI'm

talkingtobyFaceTime,9,Kaplansaid.

Wantingtobe"liked":

Theriseofsocialmediahaschangedthewayteenagersseethemselves.The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neill

announcedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehad

gottenlostinappearingperfectonline.Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem（自尊）.

Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.Inparticular,somesocialmediaappssuchasYik

Yakmayprovideopportunitiesforcyberbullying（网络欺凌）.

Openingnewdoors:

However,ArminKorsos,astudentfromIllinois,takesadvantageofthecommentshereceivesoversocial

mediatoimprovehisvideosonthesocialnetworkingsiteYouTube."Socialmediacanhelppeopleshow

themselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythatwasneverpossiblebefore,Korsossaid.

ButKorsosrealizesthatsocialmediahasbecomeadistraction（让人分心的事）.“Socialmediaisnotall

necessary,thoughithelpspeopleconnectwiththeirfriendsandknoweachotherwellanytime.^^

16.Howdoessocialmediachangerelationships,accordingtothearticle?

A.Itpushespeopletomeettheirfriendsmoreoftenoffline.

B.Itencouragespeopletopaymoreattentiontothosearoundthem.

C.Itenablesuserstounderstandcorrectlywhatothersaretalkingaboutonline.

D.Itallowspeopletokeepintouchwiththeirfriendswholivefarawaymoreeasily.

17.Theunderlinedword“comments“meansinthepassage.

A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.conversationsD.orders

18.WhatdoesEssenaO'Neillthinkofsocialmedia?

A.Itdevelopsherconfidence.

B.Ithelpshermakefriends.

C.Ithurtsherseriously.

D.ItmakeshertiredofusingsocialmediaappYikYak.

19.WhichstatementabouttheuseofsocialmediawouldArminKorsosprobablyagreewith?

A.Usingsocialmediacanonlygetnegativecomments.

B.Usingsocialmediacanonlyreduceface-to-facecommunication.

C.Usingsocialmediaisnecessarybecauseitcanhelpknowfriendswellanytime.

D.Socialmediacancreateopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopthemselves.

20.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Themajorproblemswithsocialmedia.

B.Socialmedia'sinfluenceonteenagers.

C.Howteenagersbenefit（受益）fromsocialmedia.

D.Whysocialmediaattractssomanyteenagers.

（2023•安徽宿州・统考二模）

HuangYu'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan“comeback”.Huanggot

anewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloning（克隆）technology.

DasuanisChina'sfirstclonedcat.ThecatwasbominsidealabownedbyacompanyinBeijing.Toclonethe

cat,thecompany'sexpertstookcells（细胞）fromDasuanandcreatedanembryo（胚月台）.Thentheyputitintoacat

mother.

Infact,cloningpetsisnotanewthing.In2001,theworld'sfirstclonedcatwasbomintheUS.In2005,the

world'sfirstcloneddogwasbominSouthKorea.Sincecatshaveuniquereproductivefeatures,theyaremore

difficulttoclone.

However,thereareargumentsagainstpetcloning.Thoughtheclonedpetscopythedeadpefsappearance,

theyhavedifferentpersonalities.Thafswhypetownershavedifferentopinionsaboutthis.Somepetloverslike

Huangthinkacloneisagoodreplacementfortheirdeadpets.Butothersworrythathavingthesameappearance

butadifferentpersonalitywillleadtomorepaininthelongrun.Knowingthis,thecompanysaysithopestouseAI

andothertechnologiestomovememoriestoclonedpetsinthefuture.

Moreover,scientiststhinkclonedpetsaren,tashealthyasnaturallybornpets.Theymayliveshorterlives.

Someanimalloversthinkcloningpetsisunacceptablebecausealargenumberofhomelessanimalsstillneed

homes.Theysaythereisnoneedtoclone.

21.Howdoesthewriterbeginthetext?

A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingsomenumbers.

C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Byexplainingsomefacts.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto（指的是）?

A.Theembryo.B.Thecell.C.Thepet.D.Thecat.

23.Whatisthebesttitle（标题）forthetext?

A.Thefirstclonedcat.B.Abelovedpetcat.

C.Howtoclonepets?D.Shouldweclonepets?

（2023•江西九江•统考二模）

ChinaandWesterncountriesmayhavedifferentculturalbeliefsaboutcertainanimals,butwhenitcomesto

pigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

Justlookattheidioms（习语）andphrasesinourlanguages.InChinese,wehavethelikesof"boilingadead

pig”,and"apiglookinginthemirrorisstillapig”.AndinEnglish,thereareidiomssuchas"eatinglikeapig”and

""sweatinglikeapig”.Noneofthemareaboutthegoodones.

Infact,sciencelongagoprovedthatpigsaren'tstupidatall.Accordingtoapaperpublishedin2017inthe

InternationalJournalofComparativePsychology,pigsare“mentallyandsociallysimilartodogsandchimpanzees^^.

Theyliketoplay.Theyhavegoodlong-termmemories.Andtheyknowthedifferencebetweenthosewhotreat

themwellandthosewhodon't.

Therearelovablepigcharactersincartoons,too.PeppaPig,forexample,aUKtelevisionseriesthatbeganin

2004,hasnowbecomeoneofthemostpopularcartoonsin180countriesandregions.Thefourmembersinthe

cartoon'spigfamilyteachchildrenfromallaroundtheworldaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.Andin

China,theadventuresofMcDullshowthestoryofapigletwhoworkshardforhisdreams.Eventhoughhekeeps

failing,heisneverdefeated.

"Peopleareputtingtoomuchfocusonefficiency（效率）andimmediateresults,butMcDullisslowandpatient,

andnotafraidofrepeatedfailures,9,saidMcDull'screatorBrianTsewhenshewaspromotingthefilmMcDull,

KungFuDingDingDonginBeijing."Hehasaheartofgold.^^Perhapsthesearethequalitiesofpigstokeepin

mindwhenwethinkofpigsagain-theirintelligence,cuteness,patienceandinnocence（纯真）.

24.WhichisNOTthecommonbeliefthatChinaandWesterncountriesmayhaveaboutpigs?

A.Ugly.B.Lovely.C.Lazy.D.Stupid.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A.theidiomsB.somepigsC.certaincartoonsD.allpigcharacters

26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Pigshavegoodshort-termmemories.

B.McDullputstoomuchfocusonefficiency.

C.PeppaPigteachespeopleaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.

D.McDull,KungFuDingDingDongisapopulartelevisionseriesthatbeganin2004.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"defeated“inParagraph4mean?

A.succeededB.beatenC.achievedD.challenged

28.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducetwointerestingcartoonsaboutpigs.

B.Toprovethatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

C.Toshowpigscanbeintelligent,cute,patientandinnocent.

D.TosharedifferentbeliefsaboutpigsinChinaandWesterncountries.

（2023.福建厦门.福建省厦门第六中学校考二模）

MydadgavemeapieceofadvicewhenIwasaknow-it-allteenager.Hesaid,"Neversayinangerwhatyou

don'tmean,becauseyoucansayyou'resorry,butyoucan'ttakeitback.Ithasthepoweroflifeanddeath."That

meansourwordscaneitherspeakoflife,orcanspeakofdeath.

Wemayallexperiencethepowerofwordsinourlife,evenwhenwewereveryyoung.Achildiscriticizedby

teachersorparentsforbadgrades,andafterthat,hemightprobablythinkofhimselfasastupidchild.Mostofus

havethatexperience.Theysayitisimportanttopraisechildrenfourtimesforeachnegativeword.Criticizingwill

makethingsworse,whilepositivewordsarehelpfulespeciallywhensomeoneisintroubleorinneed.Whenwe

failtheexam,encouragingwordsfromourteachersorparentsmakeusworkharderatourlessons.Encouraging

wordscangoquitealongway.Theycheerpeopleup.Forexample,encouragingwordstosomeonewhoissadcan

helphimmakeitthroughtheday.Wordscanhaveapowerfuleffectonyourbrain.Anditwillhaveagreat

influenceonyouraction,too.

Everythingyoudodependsonwhatyouchoosetodo.Ifsnotyourparents,yourpastrelationshipsoryourjob,

butit'syouwhoareresponsibleforeverygoalyouset.Ifyouhavedreamsinlife,writethemdownandspeakthem

out.Yourwordsarelikelytobringyououtsomethingamazing.Sohowdowedealwithourtonguelater?

29.Theunderlinedword'inParagraph1refersto"

A.ourangerB.thewriter'sadvice

C.whatyousayD.ourexperience

30.Afterbeingcriticizedforbadgrades,Mikemaythink_____.

A.heisnotsmartB.theteacherisunfair

C.thepaperistoodifficultD.hewillbelucky

31.Whatdoesastudentneedthemostwhenintrouble?

A.Somesafetytips.B.Someusefulpractice.

C.Negativewords.D.Positivewords.

32.Whatcanhaveapositiveeffectonaperson'sbrain?

A.Failinganexam.B.Encouragingwords.

C.Criticizingwords.D.Easylessons.

33.Thepassagemainlytalksabout.

A.howtocoolourselvesB.howtopraisechildren

C.theexperienceofthewriterD.thepowerofwords

（2023・浙江绍兴•校联考三模）

Wetakeselfies（自拍）whenwetryonanewhat,playwithourpetsorwhenwemeetafriendwhomwe

haven'tseeninawhile.Butdoesthiscrazyactuallymakesense?Isthereanyscientificexplanationforit?

Well,youshouldprobablyaskJamesKilner,aneuroscientist（神经科学家）atUniversityCollegeLondon.

Throughourlifetimewebecomeexpertsatreadingandtellingotherpeople'sfacesandfacialexpressions.However,

accordingtoKilner,wehaveaverypoorunderstandingofourownfacessincewehavelittleexperienceoflooking

atthem-wejustfeelthemmostofthetime.

Thishasbeenprovedinsomestudiesinwhichpeoplewereshownphotosofthemselvesandaskedtomatch

theirfacialexpressionsinthepictures.Inmostcases,theyfailedtocorrectlyproducethesamefacialexpressions

withoutbeingabletoseethemselvesinthemirror,accordingtoBBC.

Tofurthertesthowweactuallysenseourownfaces,Kilnercarriedoutanotherstudy.Heshowedpeopletwo

kindsoftheirownpictures-onehadbeenedited（编辑）tolooklessbeautifulandtheonewasmademore

beautiful-andaskedthemtopicktheversionwhichtheythoughtlookedmostlikethem.Kilnerfoundthatmost

peoplechosethemorebeautifulpicture.Thissuggeststhatweusuallythinkofourselvesasbetter-lookingthanwe

actuallyare.

Butwhatdoesitsayaboutselfies?Well,isn'tthatclear?Selfiesgiveusthepowertocreateaphoto-by

takingitfromdifferentangles（角度），withdifferentposes,usingfilters（滤镜）andsoon——thatbettermatchesour

expectationswithouractualfaces.

“Yousuddenlyhavecontrolinawaythatyoudon'thaveintherealworld.^^KilnertoldtheCanada-based

CTANews."Selfiesallowyoutokeeptakingpicturesuntilyoumanagetotakeoneyou'rehappywith”,he

explained.

34.Howdoesthewriterleadinthetopic"selfie“inParagraph1?

A.Byaskingquestions.B.Bycomparingfacts.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byexplainingreasons.

35.WecanlearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3thatpeopleare.

A.proudofthephotosoftheirown

B.abletoremembertheirownfaceseasily

C.moreinterestedintheirfacesinthemirror

D.goodatunderstandingothersbytheirfaces

36.AccordingtoKilner,takingselfies.

A.helpspeopletoimprovetheirskillsoftakingphotos

B.meetspeople'sneedstoknowtheirownfacesbetter

C.makespeoplepossibletoreachtheirexpectation

D.offerspeopleawaytocontroltheworld

37.Whichmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WhatIstheSelfiesB.WhyDoYouTakeSelfies

C.HowCanWeTakeSelfies