浙京津鲁琼专版2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题二阅读理解第三节词句猜测题一词义猜测题学案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1一、词义揣测题(2024·全国Ⅰ，B)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8­year­oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“­ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon­nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了小学老师托马斯·沃利通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增加自信的教学实践。24．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingatest.D．Answeringaquestion.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“todayisspeechday...ChrisPalaez’sturn”和其次段中的“Buthe’snervous.”可知，克里斯在进行竞选演说时感到特别惊慌。25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses.B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes.D．Sillyjokes.答案A解析词义揣测题。依据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说激励同学们学会赞美自己。文中克里斯·帕莱兹的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时特别惊慌，所以说话磕磕绊绊，因此选A。26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto.A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics答案A解析推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.”和最终一段的内容可知，老师让学生参与竞选演说不仅仅是让学生们学会在公开场合演说，更重要的是让他们发觉自己的特长，从而树立自信。27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous. B．Ambitious.C．Caring. D．Demanding.答案C解析推理推断题。依据其次段内容可知，当克里斯·帕莱兹发表竞选演说遇到问题时，老师耳语为他提示。文章最终两段说明了老师举办这项活动的初衷，我们可以推断这个老师是关切他人的人，因此选C。一、题型解读词义揣测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。词义揣测是一种阅读技巧和实力，主要考查考生在短时间内依据上下文快速揣测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的实力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到确定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否精确，干脆影响着阅读理解题得分的凹凸，对能否取得好的高考成果有着举足轻重的作用。词义揣测题的命题方式有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean?(2)Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“”．(3)Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby“”．(4)Theunderlinedword“...”inParagraph...isclosestinmeaningto.(5)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?(6)Bysaying“...”wemean.(7)“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas.(8)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义1．依据定义、释义或同位语进行揣测有些文章，特殊是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和说明部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，须要揣测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的说明说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以说明说明。例如：Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned.分析：所揣测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语“anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork”(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行说明说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。2．依据构词法进行揣测英语中通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。因此，驾驭了确定的构词学问，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速揣测词义。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：依据构词法学问我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“担心；担忧”之意。3．依据因果关系进行揣测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以依据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标记词有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”probablymean?A．Breaking. B．Following.C．Attending. D．Disturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标记词thus，由前面的缘由“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子斯科拉干扰了课堂”，故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。4．依据同义或近义关系进行揣测在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往示意了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟识的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，Florida.试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto?A．Artworks. B．Projects.C．Donations. D．Documents.分析：画线单词contributions前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行揣测。and前面提到了“thefineselectionofthemajorworks”(精选的重要作品)，后面说contributions来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出contributions应当属于works的范畴，同时文中明确表示contributions是来自museum的，故选A项。5．依据反义、转折和对比关系进行揣测有些须要揣测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助揣测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇许多，常见的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.试题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean?A．Wildandromantic.B．Slowandpeaceful.C．Hungryandthirsty.D．Activeandexcited.分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们，但是在一天的这个时候骑马欣赏仍旧令人印象特别深刻。”由though可知，前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，应选B项，sedate意为“不慌不忙的”。6．依据上下文进行揣测有些词义揣测题找不到以上标记线索，这时可以利用上下文供应的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推想词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：真题感悟的25题。依据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说激励同学们学会赞美自己。文中克里斯·帕莱兹的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时特别惊慌，所以说话磕磕绊绊，因此选A。A(2024·河南试验中学模拟)However，somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保热的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant，largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong­termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition，thebeamofconcentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeople1consumeeachday.However，onthesurfaceoftheearth，solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlight5variesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailability语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“hazardous”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Inexpensive. B．Dangerous.C．Ineffective. D．Abnormal.答案B解析词义揣测题。依据上文中的“somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cells”及画线词所在句后的“Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.”可知hazardous意为“危急的”。故选B。2．Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations?A．Pollutingthegroundwater.B．Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段其次句“Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong­termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.”可知，大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当地动植物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当地自然平衡。故C项正确。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B．Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C．Therelationshipbetweensolarenergycollectionandthesunlight.D．Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection.答案D解析段落大意题。依据最终一段其次、三、四句可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变更，天气和气候条件影响每日和季节性的阳光供应。由此可知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。故D项正确。B(2024·湖北黄冈中学三模)ASouthKoreanmanandthe21ducklingshehasbeenraisingashischildreneversincetheyhatchedhavebeenbreakingtheInternetwiththeiramazing6bond.Avideothatrecently3wentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountainhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand.Themiddle­agedman，whosenameisnot4revealedinthevideo，hasbeentakingcareofhis21ducklingseversincetheywereeggs，makingsuretheincubation(孵化)periodwentsmoothly，andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellswhenitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld，andhehasremainedthemostimportantfigureintheirlivessince.Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround，andsincethemanwastheonewho7actedastheirmother，thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere，evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural，butthemiddle­agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets，butknowsthatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds，sohe’smakingsurethattheyarestrongenoughtosurviveinthewild.Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle­agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul，stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse，eveniftheygivethesame“let’sgo”commandtheirhumanmothergives.Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving，theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyquiteremarkable.Imean，it’sonethingtoseedogsactinglikethis，butducklings?That’ssomethingelse.语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道类阅读。文章主要讲了韩国一位中年男子把小鸭子当“孩子”养，这些小鸭子把他当成“妈妈”，到处跟着他，很自然地听从他的吩咐。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo?A．Theducklingsjustbrokethroughtheirshells.B．Themanaccidentallysavedsomeducklings.C．Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally.D．Themantookprideinhisducklings.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句可知，我们能从这个视频中得知，小鸭们很自然地听从这个人。故选C。5．What’stheman’spurposeofraisingtheducklings?A．Tomakealivingbyperforming.B．Tofilmavideotoattractattention.C．Tofreethemintothewildoneday.D．Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段其次句可知，这个男子养小鸭的目的是有一天把它们放归野外。故选C。6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagraph4?A．Attack. B．Move.C．End. D．Struggle.答案B解析词义揣测题。依据上文可知，视频显示，当这名中年男子爬上首尔郊外的一座山时，鸭子们跟着他，无论他什么时候停下来，它们都不愿跟着任何人，即使给它们发出和它们的人类母亲同样的“我们走吧”的吩咐。由此可知，画线句意为“除非它们听到他的声音，看到他在动，否则它们不会动。”故“budge”的意思是“移动”。故选B。7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．“Father”and“Mother”ofCutePetsB．AManRaisesDucklingsasHis“Children”C．DucklingsAlsoRegardedasGoodPetsD．AmazingBondBetweenManandAnimals答案B解析标题归纳题。第一段其次句“最近在西方世界走红的一段视频显示，这些可爱的小禽跟随它们的‘妈妈’爬山，听从他的每一个吩咐。”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章最好的题目是：一个男人把小鸭子当“孩子”养。故选B。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并依据句意揣测画线部分的意思1．Asmallervehiclewillconsumelessfuel，whichmeanslessemission.消费，消耗2．Hangzhou，inZhejiangProvince，becamethefirstcitytomakefreeoutdoorWiFiavailableforresidents(居民)．可获得的，可得到的3．Fakenewshaslongbeenaseriousproblem，andsocialmediahasbeenblamedforallowingfakenewsstoriestogoviralquickly.广泛传播4．Whenyouanswerthisquestion，thewordsyouchoosewillrevealsomethingaboutyouridentity.揭示，揭露(二)同义词语替换5．Theresearchalsofoundthatattitudestofoodandweightvarywildlyaroundtheworld.differ6．Thissharedexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus.tie/connection7．Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson，whichisquitesignificantfortheirconvenience.workas(三)一词多义8．plantn．植物；工厂，发电厂v．种植；安插，安放(1)Afterreachingthetopofthemountain，theyplantaflagthere.v.安插，安放(2)Itisessentialtowatereachplantasoftenasrequired.n.植物(3)Manyyearsfromnow，otherworkerswillrousethesleepingseedsandplantthemwherethey’remostneeded.v.种植(4)Backonthatdatein1986，acloudofradioactivedustburstoutoftheChernobyl(切尔诺贝利)nuclearpowerplant.n.工厂，发电厂Ⅱ.长难句理解9．Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.[句式分析]本句是一个主从复合句，句子的主干为Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，主语是usingsolarenergy；when引导的是时间状语从句，此时when从句的主语是solarenergy,谓语为replacesorreduces，宾语为theuseofotherenergysources。that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词otherenergysources。[精致译文]当用太阳能替代或削减对环境有较大影响的其他能源的应用时，运用太阳能会对环境产生主动的、间接的影响。10．Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving，I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks，asatonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005.[句式分析]本句是一个主从复合句。while引导的是让步状语从句，此时while＝although/though；as引导的是缘由状语从句。[精致译文]虽然还不清晰这个人做什么工作，但我敢确定他对鸭子很有阅历，因为他曾出示过他在2005年获得的“小鸭之父”的证书。强化练(十六)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·山西太原五中段考)FriendsalwaysaskwhyI，amiddle­agedwomanwithnoathletictalent，traveltoperilousplaces—thejunglesofThailandorBorneo，forexample，wherethewaterisoftenunsafeandthefoodrisky；placeswithinfectiousdiseases，poisonoussnakesandthewildestanimals；someplaceswherethelocalsarejustafewgenerationspastheadhunting.Ineverknowhowtoanswer.MytraveldecisionsassumedanewgravitynineyearsagoafterIsufferedastroke.Topreventanotherstroke，mydoctorstoldme，Iwouldhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodthinner(血液稀释剂)fortherestofmylifeandanytravelwouldberisky.Ihadtothinkaboutwhatwasimportanttome：family，ofcourse，andfriends.Butthenwhat？NomatterhowmanytimesIthoughtaboutit，nobucketlistwascompletewithouttravel.ThenIhadtodecidehowImightmanagetherisk.IhadtodecidehowluckyIfelt.Myreturntotravelaftermystrokecameinbabysteps.ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.Afterwe’dtouredtheremainsofaTangdynastytempleonahighmountain，Jackwantedtoridedownonatoboggan(长雪橇)．Beforethestrokeitwouldhaveseemedlikefun.Butnow？Ihesitated.Mymentalklaxon(高音喇叭)screamedwarningsabouttheconsequencesofacut，afall，andacrash.Then，gainingconfidencefromwhoknowswhere，Iloweredmyselfcarefullyintothetoboggan，whichmarkedmyadventuretravelcomeback.Intheyearssincethen，I’vetraveledabouttwenty­fivepercentofthetime.Throughitall，mylucksheldout—nodeadlyfalls，nocaraccidentsorseriousinfections.Forme，adventuretravelisariskworthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmeconnectedtonature.What’smore，saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnectedtomyself.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了作者中风病愈后是如何重新起先旅行的。)1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Unique. B．Dangerous.C．Historical. D．Famous.答案B解析词义揣测题。第一段破折号后的内容是对perilousplace的说明说明，依据句意“例如，泰国或婆罗洲的丛林，那里的水往往担心全，食物也很危急；有传染病、毒蛇和野生动物的地方；有些地方的本地人刚刚过了猎头的时代。”可推知，画线词的意思是“危急的”。故选B。2．Whatdidthedoctorsadvisetheauthortodo?A．Doproperexercise.B．Enjoytherestofherlife.C．Keepawayfromtraveling.D．Spendmoretimewithherfamily.答案C解析推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句可知，我的医生告知我，对我来说任何旅行都是有风险的，因此医生建议作者远离旅行。故选C。3．WhydidtheauthormentionhertraveltoChina?A．Itwasherlastadventure.B．Sherecoveredhercouragethroughit.C．ShelikedthebeautifulsceneryinChina.D．Itwasthemostdangerousexperienceinherlife.答案B解析推理推断题。依据第四段其次句“ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.”可知，作者之所以提到她的中国之行是因为她通过这件事复原了志气。故选B。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABusinessTriptoChinaB．UniqueTravelExperiencesC．WhyIStillTraveltotheWildD．HowIOvercametheFearofDisease答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲解并描述了作者在中风后是如何克服困难，重新获得志气去旅行的。故选C。B(2024·江西师范高校附属中学三模)Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself­controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself­control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself­controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself­controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself­controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself­controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower­exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.语篇解读这是一篇争论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种探讨和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚决。5．Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A．peoplehaveunlimitedself­controlB．highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC．willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure答案C解析推理推断题。依据第三段第四、五句可知，探讨人员不信任人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节约的意志力。所以从文章中的探讨我们了解到意志力很难完全耗尽。故C选项正确。6．Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”．A．makeuseof B．runoutofC．build D．increase答案A解析词义揣测题。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself­controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我限制实力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍旧可以接着前进。所以通过上下文的语境，推断出“tapinto”指“利用”，与makeuseof同义。故A选项正确。7．Theauthorcomparesself­controltomuscles.A．toprovethelong­termeffectofwillpowerB．toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC．toarguethatself­controlcanheeasilyusedupD．toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself­control答案D解析推理推断题。依据第四段最终两句的内容“虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而乏累不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过常常熬炼而增加。同样，规律的自我限制可以提高意志力。”可知，两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的熬炼和自我限制的好处。所以作者把自我限制比作肌肉是为了说明自我限制的好处。故D选项正确。8．Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B．“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C．“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D．“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”答案C解析推理推断题。依据最终一段最终三句的内容“一个接一个地制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再须要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不须要做任何确定。”可知，C项“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更宠爱这种目标。故C选项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·天津滨海七所重点学校联考)Howdidyoudoit，Dad?Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years?Ittookmealmost20yearstohavethe9toevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirst10drinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoa11that，inthepast，wouldhavestartedhim12again.Forafewyearswewere13tobringitupforfearthatthedrinkingwouldbeginagain.“IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecitetomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’s14tomy18­year­oldunaskedquestion.“Thewordswereaconstant15tomethatthingswere16sohardthatIcouldnotdealwiththem，”Dadsaid.Thenhe17thepoemwithme.Thepoem’s18，yetprofoundwordsimmediatelybecame19ofmydailyroutineaswell.Aboutamonthafterthis20withmyfather，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailysayingsofwisdomwithone21foreachdayoftheyear.Ithasbeenmy22thatwhenyougetsomethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，younaturallyturntothepagethatlistsyourown23.I24openedthebooktoNovember10tosee25wordsofwisdomthisbookhadinstoreforme.Iwas26whenIlookedatthepage，andthentearsofdisbeliefandappreciation27downmyface.There，onmybirthday，wastheexactsamepoemthathad28myfatherforalltheseyears!ItiscalledTheSerenity(安静)Prayer.GodgrantmetheserenitytoacceptthethingsIcannotchange；thecouragetochangethethingsIcan；andthewisdomtoknowthedifference.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者始终对父亲胜利戒酒的缘由很新奇，最终作者鼓起志气问父亲才得知，父亲是通过一首小诗在激励他自己戒酒，小诗的意思是“冷静地接受不能变更的，有志气变更可以变更的，并有才智地来区分这两者。”让作者感动的是这首小诗恰恰出现在日历书中作者生日的那一页上。9．A.chance B．courageC．ability D．right答案B解析chance机会；courage志气；ability实力；right正确，权利。将近二十年来“我”第一次鼓起志气(courage)问父亲这个极其私人的问题。故正确答案为B。10．A.gaveup B．tookupC．wenton D．carriedon答案A解析giveup放弃；takeup拿起；goon接着；carryon接着，参与。由上下文可知，父亲不沾酒快二十年了。起初他戒酒(giveupdrinking)时，全家都坐立担心，怕他戒酒失败。故选A。11．A.way B．habitC．situation D．house答案C解析way方式；habit习惯；situation状况；house房屋。由句意可知，起初父亲戒酒时，每次遇到须要喝酒的状况(situation)，家人都坐立担心，因为这有可能让他重新酗酒。故选C。12．A.reciting B．askingC．smoking D．drinking答案D解析recite背诵；ask询问；smoke吸烟；drink喝酒。由下文可知，家人胆怯 父亲戒酒失败，再次酗酒(drink)。故选D。13．A.sure B．uncertainC．afraid D．eager答案C解析sure确信的；uncertain模糊的；afraid胆怯 的；eager渴望的。从父亲戒酒时起，好几年的时间里，家人都不敢提起他戒酒的事，生怕(afraid)他前功尽弃。故选C。14．A.reply B．wordsC．excuse D．explanation答案A解析reply回答；words话语；excuse借口；explanation说明。父亲对“我”十八年来的疑问作出回答(reply)说：“我每天都背诵同一首小诗四五遍。”故选A。15．A.fear B．imaginationC．thought D．reminder答案D解析fear胆怯 ；imagination想象力；thought思想；reminder提示。由句意可知，父亲每天背诵的那首小诗，是给他自己的一个提示。故选D。16．A.never B．seldomC．always D．ever答案A解析never从不；seldom很少，几乎不；always总是；ever曾经。由文章可知，父亲戒酒胜利了，这归功于那首小诗提示他世上无难事(thingswereneversohard)，只怕有心人。故选A。17．A.discussed B．sharedC．offered D．talked答案B解析discuss探讨；share共享；offer供应；talk交谈。父亲说完就和“我”共享(sharewithme)了那首小诗。故选B。18．A.wonderful B．longC．simple D．boring答案C解析wonderful极好的；long长的；simple简洁的；boring无聊的。由文章最终一段可知，这首小诗是简洁的(simple)。故选C。19．A.all B．thatC．any D．part答案D解析all全部；that那个；any任何；part部分。这首简洁而又深刻的诗句，成了我日常生活的一部分(part)。故选D。20．A.talk B．quarrelC．trip D．lesson答案A解析talk谈话；quarrel争吵；trip旅行；lesson课程。由上文可知，父亲和“我”进行了一次谈话(talk)，谈到了他戒酒胜利是因为那首小诗。故选A。21．A.listed B．includedC．read D．said答案A解析list列出；include包含；read阅读；say说。这是一本格言书。一年365天每个日子都与一句格言相对应，排列(list)在书中。故选A。22．A.method B．experienceC．wealth D．message答案B解析method方法；experience阅历，经验；wealth财宝；message消息。由句意可知，有些书依据一年365天的日期依次支配书中的内容，每当拿到这类书时，“我”都依据阅历(experience)翻到自己生日那天。故选B。23．A.character B．birthdayC．qualities D．favorites答案B解析character性格；birthday生日；quality品质；favorite特殊宠爱的事物。由下文可知，“我”把书翻到了11月10日，看书中为“我”列出的格言。所以“我”翻到的是写有自己生日的那一页。故正确答案为B。24．A.doubtfully B．carefullyC．happily D．hurriedly答案D解析doubtfully怀疑地；carefully细致地；happily欢乐地；hurriedly匆忙地。由上文可知，作者拿到这类书时，会自然地翻到印着自己生日的那一页，所以作者连忙打开书，查看自己生日那天的格言。故选D。25．A.where B．whetherC．what D．how答案C解析where在哪里；whether是否；what什么；how如何。由句意可知，作者打开11月10日那一页，看看这本书为自己打算的格言是什么(what)。故选C。26．A.excited B．astonishedC．disappo