初中英语基本语法知识点及练习

初中英语基本语法知识点及练习.doc初中英语基本语法知识点及练习题一(一般现在时用法:1.经常性动作等。常与everyday,often,always,onceaweek,seldom,usually等连用。Shealwaysgoestoschoolbybus.2.真理和事实。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.3.在由when,if,before,assoonas,unless等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Iwillbeasoldier.(主将从现)WhenIgrowup，4.动作正在发生，用在由here,there等开首的句子中，表示现在正在发生。Theregoesthebell.5.表示主语的习惯特征，性格，能力等。Hestudiesveryhard.6.一般的说明文字等。Thebooksaysthatwomencanlivelongerthanmen二、一般过去时态用法:1.表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。(或有上下文语境暗示)Shewentoutjustnow.Isawhimyesterday.2.表示过去经常发生的动作。Lastmonthsheworkedelevenhourseveryday.Heusedtogetupearly.3.表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如:but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.注意:有一些容易变化错误的单词，如:prefer?preferred,fix?fixed,mix?mixed练习:(1)---IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotherailwaystationformyfriend.---Isupposeyou,toofast.A.driveB.aredrivingC.droveD.weredriving(2)Inthe49thWorldTableTennisChampionship,WangLiqin,MaLinand,thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.A.beat,beatB.won,wonC.beat,wonD.won,beat(3)---When,yourbrother,back?---Abouthalfanhourago.A.did,comeB.had,comeC.do,comeD.have,come(4)—Excuseme.Youshouldn’tsmokehere.Lookatthesign“NOSMOKINGHERE.”---Sorry,I,it.A.doesn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.didn’tseeD.hadn’tseen三、一般将来时?表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、nextweek等)。Hewillvisitshanghainextweek.?表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.?表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。MyuncleiscomingformAmerica.?begoingto与will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及区别:begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备;shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。*begoingto表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能，表意愿。如:Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正确)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(错误)*betodosth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.*beabouttodosth.表示―即可，就要‖，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.注意:在下面几种情况下只可用will(shall)表示将来，而不可用begoingto结构。表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。eg:Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?(2)表示意愿时eg:Wewillhelphimifheasksus.(3)表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。eg:Thesunwillriseat6:30tomorrowmorning四过去将来时1.构成:(1)was/weregoingto，be/do(2)will，be/do2.用法:(1)表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，由“would，动词原形”引导。eg:1)Hesaidhewouldbuysomefruitforhissister.2)Heaskedwhenthemeetingwouldend.(2)表示曾经打算或准备要做的事，用was/were，动词原形”引导。“eg:1)Ithoughtitwasgoingtorainsoon.2)TheyweregoingtostartanewjobwhenIsawthemthen.(3)go,come,leave,arrive,start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。练习:(1)--TheTVshowHomeWithKidsissowonderful.Youshouldn’tmissit.--IfIhavetime,I,it.A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.haveseen(2)Iwanttoknowifthere,anEnglishspeechcontestnextmonth.Ifourschool,it,Imustgetreadyforit.五、现在进行时用法:(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。eg:--Whatareyoudoing?--I’mreadingEnglish.(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。eg:1)Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.2)Weartepickingapplesonafarmthesedays.(3)go,leave,arrive,start,visit，move等动词用现在进行时表示将来.eg:1)I’mgoingtoBeijingthisSunday.2)Thebusiscomingsoon.(4)当时间状语为now,thesedays等时或当句子中含有look,listen,canyousee,can’tyousee之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。a.表示感觉的动词。如:see,hear等b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如:like,love等c.表示希望的动词。如:want,wouldlike等d.表示状态的动词。如:be等e.表示归属的动词。如:have等f.表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如:know,think,forget等练习:(1)Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma,now.A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps(2)Listen.They,withMrWangintheroom.A.chattingB.arechattingC.werechattingD.willchat(3)--Jim,pleasehelpmetakeoutofthetrash.--OK,mom.I,.A.willcomeB.amcomingC.shallcomeC.wouldcome(4)Hewithus,toHawaiiforsummervacation.A.aregoingtoB.isgoingtogoC.isgoingtoD.aregoingtogo六、过去进行时1.构成:was/were，v-ing2.用法:(1)表示过去某一时刻某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday等连用,或用另一类动作表示过去的时间。eg:1)—Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?--IwaswatchingTVatthattime.2)HewasreadingwhenIcamein.3)IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyparentswerewatchingTV.(2)过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。eg:Alicewasalwayschanginghermind.(3)注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用:1)主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时(从句用一般过去时)。eg:WhentheUFOarrived,IwaswatchingTV.2)从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时(主句用一般过去时)。eg:WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet,theaccidenthappened.3)若主、从句动作同时发生或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while引导。eg:Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyparentsweredoingthechores.注意:在上述情况下，若动词为表示状态的延续性动词，一般都应用一般过去时，而不用过去进行时。eg:Luckily,whenIwenttoseehim,hewasathome.3.练习:(1)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe______untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.wascomingD.comes(2)IsawLisainthestreetyesterday,butshedidn’tseeme.She,theotherday.A.wasshoppingB.amshoppingC.haveshopped*现在进行时和过去进行时比较1.Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretary_______.A.justhelpout;comesB.havejusthelpedout;willcomeC.amjusthelpingout;comesD.willjusthelpout;hascome2.---Whenshallweleave?---AssoonasI______whatI_______.A.willfinish;doB.havefinished,amdoingC.finish,willdoD.finish,do3.Atthattimehe_____inthelibrary.A.workedB.hadworkedC.wasworkingD.wouldwork4.Thestudents____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe____intheoffice.A.wereworking;hadleftB.worked;leftC.hadworked;leftD.wereworking;wouldleave5.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!---Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.A.I’mnotnoticing.B.Iwasn’tnoticing.C.Ihaven’tnoticed.D.Idon’tnotice.E.Ididn’tnotice.F.Iwon’tnotice*一般过去时和过去进行时比较1.He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish2.Tom________intothehousewhennoone___________.A.slipped;wasnoticingB.hadslipped;noticedC.slipped;hadnoticedD.wasslipping;noticed3.Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny_________asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell4.ThelasttimeI_________Janeshe__________cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickedC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking用所给词的适当形式填空:1.Who_________(give)theconcerttomorrow?2._________I________(say)itagain?3.Myparents___________(give)meacomputerformynextbirthday.4.We__________(go)totheparkifitdoesn’traintomorrow.5.There__________(be)anEnglishpartytomorrowevening.6.—Larry,whatareyougoingtobewhenyou_________(grow)up?--I________(be)aprofessionalbasketballplayer.II.单项选择1.---Willyoupleasestayhereforthepicnic?--Sorry,I_______.I’llhavetogotopracticethepiano.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.can’t2.Hesayshe________usaroundhisfactoryinaweek.A.showsB.isshowingC.willshowsD.willshow3.EitherweorAndy_________theanimalsthisweekend.A.isgoingtofeedB.aregoingtofeedC.isfeedingD.arefeeding4.Ihopeyourdream________oneday.A.comestrueB.cometrueC.willcometrueD.willtrue5.________Ireturnthebooktothelibrarysoon?A.WillB.DoC.AmD.Shall6.Ifit_______,ourfamily________boatingtomorrow.A.don’train,willgoB.isn’train,isgoingtogoC.doesn’train,willgoD.doesn’train,shallgo7.There________afootballmatchonTVthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave七、现在完成时1.结构:(1)be:have/hasbeen(2)do:have/hasdone2.用法:1)结果:表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响后结果。(eg:1)—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?--Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.2)Ihavelostmypen.3)IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.4)—Haveyoufoundyourlostpen?--No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。1)already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前也可放在句末。2)yet用于疑问句，表示“已经”，用于否定句，表“还”，常放在句末。(2)持续:表示动作或状态已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for,since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。eg:1)Wehavelivedheresince2000.2)IhavelearntEnglishforthreeyears.(3)经验:表示从过去到现在曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发生多次，常和never,ever,once,twice,before等连用。eg:1)IhaveneverbeentoEgyptbefore.2)Ithassnowedtwicehere.非延续性动词的现在完成时常用下列结构表示:主语，have/hasbeen，adj./n./prep-phraseeg:1)Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.2)Hehasbeenapartymemberforayear.3)Ihavebeeninthisschoolforhalfayear.(4)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法:?just“刚刚”，表示动作刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。eg:HehasjustcomebackfromBeijing.?ever“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词与过去分词之间。eg:HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai??never“从来没有”，常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。eg:Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.?before“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总放在句末不受句型的限制。eg:Ihaven’theardofitbefore.?for，时间段,since，时间点应特别注意:谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:我离开这所学校已八年了。误:I’veleftthisschoolforeightyears.正:I’vebeenawaythisschoolforeightyears.(5)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法?非延续性动词不可与表示一段的时间状语连用。eg:Thepooroldmanhasdied.(T)Thepooroldmanhasdiedforthreeyears.(F)Thepooroldmanhasbeendeadforthreeyears.但在否定句中，可以与表示一段的时间状语连用。eg:Hehasn’tcomehereforseveraldays.?非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用可采用下述三种方法:1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词:come?behere,go?bethere,die?bedead,borrow?keep,buy?have,join?bein/bea„member,leave?beaway,begintostudy?study,finish?beover,getup?beup,puton?wear,catchacold?haveacold,wakeup?beawake,fallasleep?beasleep,arrive/get?be,lose?nothave,leave?beawayfrom2)将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。eg:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.?Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.3)用句型“Itis，一段时间，since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式)”表示eg:Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.?Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied练习:1.I________thisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept2.—Whynotgotoseetheflowershowwithus?--I________it.A.sawB.hadseenC.seeD.haveseen3.—I________sobusilyrecentlythatI_______notimetohelpyouwithyourmath.--That’sOK.Icanmanageitbymyself.A.havebeenworking,haveB.haveworked,hadC.amworking,willhaveD.hadbeenworking,hadhad4.—I________womennewCDs.--When_______you_______them?--Yesterdaymorning.A.buy,did,buyB.buy,do,buyC.havebought,did,buyD.havebought,did,buy5.IfirstmetTom10yearsago.He_______inaradiofactoryatthattime.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworking6.—Haveyoufinishedthereport?--NO.I_______itallthisweek.A.willdoB.haddoneC.havedoneD.havebeendoing八、过去完成时1.构成:(1)be:hadbeen(2)do:haddone2.用法:表示“过去的过去”，即在过去的某一动作之前，已经发生了另外一个动作。3.时间状语:bylastweek,bytheendoflastyear,whenIgotthere等eg:1)Themoviehadbeenonfor10minuteswhenIgottothecinema.2)ShehadleftbythetimeIarrived.3)HehadlivedinShanghaibeforehecamehere.4)Ihadlearnedabout2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.1.---Where__you__(put)thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I___(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.did;put;putB.have;put;putC.did;put;haveputD.have;put;haveput2.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher?A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened3.Hello,I____youwereinLondon.Howlong_________here?A.don’tknow;wereyouB.hadn’tknown;areyouC.haven’tknown;areD.didn’tknow;haveyoubeen4.I’mgladtotellyouthatwe_____theworkinlesstimethanwe_____expectedto.A.finished;wereB.havefinished;areC.havefinished;wereD.hadfinished;were5.WhenIwasatcollegeI_______threeforeignlanguagebutI________allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenC.hadspoken;haveforgotten一般过去时和过去进行时1.He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish2.Tom________intothehousewhennoone___________.A.slipped;wasnoticingB.hadslipped;noticedC.slipped;hadnoticedD.wasslipping;noticed3.Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny_________asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell4.ThelasttimeI_________Janeshe__________cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickedC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking(六)过去完成时与一般现在时比较练习I(单项选择1.Limeiisonlyaten-year-oldgirl,butshe_______todrawforaboutfiveyears.A.learnsB.learndeC.wouldlearnD.haslearned2.There______alotofrainagainlastweek.We______toomuchrainthismonth.A.was;hadB.was;havehadC.hasbeen;hashadD.hasbeen;had3.--_______you______Kate’sbrother?I_______somethingtotellhim.--I’mafraidI_______.A.Have;seen;havegot;haven’tB.Did;see;have;don’tC.Have;seen;had;haven’tD.Did;see;havegot;haven’t4.Myfamily_______supperwhensuddenlyI_______aheavyknockonthedoor.A.arehaving;heardB.werehaving;haveheardC.werehaving;heardD.havehad;washearing5.Jimnolongerstudieshere.He_______toLondonwithhisparents.They_______almostaweekago.A.isgoinglleftB.wasgoing;leftC.hasgone;hasleftD.hasgone;left6.Ourmanger_______toAmericatwicebeforeandnowhe_______thereagain.A.hasgone;hasbeenB.hasbeen;hasgoneC.hasgone;wentD.went;hasbeen7.MrLiu_______forXi’anonSaturday.He_______inthatcityforaboutfivedays.A.leftlhasbeenB.hasleft;hasbeenC.wasleaving;wasD.left;was8.GrannyLiu____downamongthechildrenand_____totellthemthestoryofherlife.A.hassat;beganB.sat;hasbegunC.sat;beganD.hassat;hasbegun9.–I;msorrytokeepyouwaitingsolong.--Oh,itdoesn’tmatter.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.A.wasB.havebeenC.willbeD.came10.Alice_______toAustraliawithherfatherayearago.She______inaschoolnearherhomealready.A.came;hasbeenB.came;wasC.hascome;wasD.hascome;hasbeen11.Ihave______finishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours_______.A.already;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;yetD.yet;asready12.Ihave_______comebackfromabroad.Icamehere_______.A.just;justB.justnow;justnowC.justljustnowD.justnow;just13.–Ihaven’ttoldthattoanyone_______,haveI?--You’veseemedtotellthattoLiLeiafewdays_______.A.before;agoB.before;beforeC.ago;agoD.ago;before14.—Hasyourmother______beeentoLondon_______?--No,_______.Butmyfatherhas_______beenthere.A.just;yet;never;everB.ever;before;not;alreadyC.ever;already;never;justD.ever;before;never;just15.Ihave_______heardofsuchastrangething________.A.just;alreadyB.never;beforeC.neverlyetD.ever;justnow16.AnnhasbeeninAustralia________sixmonths.Herparentshaven’theardfromher______halfayear_______.A.for;since;agoB.for;since;beforeC.in;for;ago;D.for;since;before17.MrBlack_______tothecityhospital.He______abadcold.He_______onlyaminuteago.A.hasgone;hasgot;leftB.hasbeen;hasgot;leftC.hasgone;had;leftD.hasgone;hasgot;hasleftII.用所给词的适当形式填空18.Tom________(see)thisfilm.He_______(see)itlastSaturday.19.She_________(have)hersupper.She__________(have)itwithmeinmyhouse.20.--_________you_________(be)toNewYork?--No,I________(have),butmyfather________(be)theretwice.21.Oh,we_________(notmeet)eachotherforalongtime.Ilast________(see)youinLondon,didn’tI?22.Jack________(leave)homein1998.He_______(be)awayfromhishomeforalmostsixyears.23.–WhereisLiuPing?--She_______(go)shopping.--When_______she________(go)?--She_________(go)afewminutesago.24.MrWang________(come)tothisschoolinSeptember.Andhe_______(be)atthisschoolsincethen.25.Myfatherisn’tathome.He________(go)toBeijing.He________(go)thereonMonday.Andhe_______(be)inBeijingforthreedaysalready.26.--_______you________(read)thesbookbefore?--Yes,I______.I_______(read)Itabouttwoyearsago.27.I___________(notreturn)tomyhometownsofar.Ithinkit________(change)alotinthelast20years.III.同义句转换28.Lucyborrowedthebookaweekago.Lucy_________________thebook_______aweek.29.MrAndrewbegantoteachEnglishtwentyyearsago.MrAndrewhas________an_______________fortwentyyears.30.TheSmithshavemovedtoLondonforalmosttenmonths.___________________almosttenmonthssincetheSmiths_______toLondon.31.Mybrotherjoinedthearmyafewweeksago.Mybrother______________________soldier________afewweeks.32.LiuHuajoinedourclubin2003.LiHua________________________ourclub________2003.33.MrSmithcametothisschoolinSeptember.MrSmith________________atthisschool_________september.34.Iboughtthisnewdictionaryovertwoweeksago.I________________thisnewdictionary________overtwoweeks.35.Howlonghaveyouworkedinthisfactory?_________didyou________toworkinthisfactory?36.UncleWanghasworkedtheresinceitopenedin1989.UncleWang______________worktherin1989_______itopened.37.Xiaobinghasahighfeverforthreedays.XiaoBing________tohavefeverforthreedays________.38.LiuHai’smotherdiedin2001.LiuHai’smother______________________________2001.39.It’sbeenalmostayearsincehesgrandpadied.Hisgrandpa_____________________________________almostayear.40.Ilostmywalletmorethanaweekago.________________morethanaweek________Ilostmywallet.41.Welas