英语课件 外研版（2019）选择性必修四 Unit5 Developing ideas

Unit5IntotheunknownDevelopingideasBYMICHELLEReading01Lookatthepictureandanswerthequestions.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.LeadinWhatdifferentzonesarethereintheocean?Whichpartsoftheoceandoyouthinkhavebeen

explored?Whatdoyouknowaboutthedeepestpartofthe

ocean?200m1000m4000m6000m0m≈20℃5-10℃0-4℃<0℃EpipelagicZone-Thesurfacelayeroftheoceanisknownastheepipelagiczoneandextendsfromthesurfaceto200metres(656feet).Itisalsoknownasthesunlightzonebecausethisiswheremostofthevisiblelightexists.Withthelightcomesheat.Thisheatisresponsibleforthewiderangeoftemperaturesthatoccurinthiszone.MesopelagicZone-Belowtheepipelagiczoneisthemesopelagiczone,extendingfrom200metres(656feet)to1,000metres(3,281feet).Themesopelagiczoneissometimesreferredtoasthetwilightzoneorthemidwaterzone.Thelightthatpenetratestothisdepthisextremelyfaint.Itisinthiszonethatwebegintoseethetwinklinglightsofbioluminescentcreatures.Agreatdiversityofstrangeandbizarrefishescanbefoundhere.

BthypelagicZone-Thenextlayeriscalledthe

bathypelagiczone.Itis

sometimesreferredtoas

themidnightzoneorthedarkzone.Thiszoneextendsfrom1,000metres(3,281feet)downto4,000metres(13,124feet).Heretheonlyvisiblelightisthatproducedbythecreaturesthemselves.Thewaterpressureatthisdepthisimmense,reaching5,850poundspersquareinch.Inspiteofthepressure,asurprisinglylargenumberofcreaturescanbefoundhere.Spermwhalescandivedowntothislevelinsearchoffood.Mostoftheanimalsthatliveatthesedepthsareblackorredincolorduetothelackoflight.

AbyssopelagicZone-Thenext

layeriscalledtheabyssopelagiczone,

alsoknownastheabyssalzoneor

simplyastheabyss.Itextendsfrom4,000metres(13,124feet)to6,000metres(19,686feet).ThenamecomesfromaGreekwordmeaning“nobottom”.Thewatertemperatureisnear

freezing,andthereisnolightatall.Veryfewcreaturescanbefoundatthesecrushingdepths.Mostoftheseareinvertebratessuchasbasketstarsandtinysquids.Three-quartersoftheoceanfloorlieswithinthiszone.ThedeepestfisheverdiscoveredwasfoundinthePuertoRicoTrench(海沟)atadepthof27,460feet(8,372metres).Whatdifferentzonesarethereintheocean?Whichpartsoftheoceandoyouthinkhavebeenexplored?Whatdoyouknowaboutthedeepestpartoftheocean?ThedifferentzonesintheoceanareSunlightZone,TwilightZone,MidnightZoneandAbyssalZone.SunlightZone,TwilightZone.ThedeepestpartoftheoceanisAbyssalZone.Itisanareawherethewaterdepthisabout2,000–5,000metres.Thetrenchcanbeloweredto6,000metres.Theseverydeepareasaresometimescalled“Super-abyssalzones”.

Actuallyitisthelargestecologicalregiononearth.Lookatthepicturesandguesswhatitisfor.Pre-readingReadthepictureanddiscusswithyourpartnerwhatinformationyouget.China’snewdeep-seamannedsubmersible

Fendouzhe,orStriver,setanationaldivingrecordof10,909metresintheChallengerDeep,a11,000-metrechasmlocatedatthebottomoftheMarianaTrenchinthewesternPacificOcean.ThesuccessfulseatrialverifiedthevariousfunctionsandperformancesofthesubmersibleaswellasChina’sbreakthroughsindeep-seaequipmentandtechnologies.ItmarkedChina’sentryintothefirstechelonofdeep-seascientificresearchandprovidedstrongtechnicalsupportforthecountry’ssubsequentdeep-searesearch.Readthepassageandfindoutwhathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.DIVINGDEEPSkimthepassageandmatchthemainidea.While-readingReadformainideaPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Weareenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery.WehavelittleknowledgeofEarth’sseabed.Manyarchaeologicalfindsaremadeinshallowwaters.Thereareextraordinarycreaturesinthedeepsea.Theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources.ReadforstructurePara.1:Introducethetopic.Para.2-4:Ocean__________.Para.2:the_______ofNeapolisPara.3:amazing__________discoveriesPara.5:___________isenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery.HumankindruinsPara.4:__________ofnaturalresourcesbiologicaldiscoveryexplorationDivingdeepReadfordetailsScanthepassageandcompletethediagram.OVERTHECENTURIES:sailingacrossoceanstoexploreEarth’sfurthestcornersOceanexplorationMODERNAGE:exploring1___________deepsea2______________explorationFindingancientruinsin3________________.Workingtoovercomechallengesandmakediscoveriesat4______________.Example:

5__________________________ArchaeologicalshallowwatersvastdepthstheruinsofNeapolis6_____________explorationContainingabout90percentof7_______________.Helpingcomprehend8__________________________.Examples:

9_______________10_______________

11____________________________________________________________Biologicaltheplanet’sfishbone-whitecoralthecapacityforlifeonourplanetthebarreleyelifetobefoundevenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopeningsDiscoveryofnaturalresourcesDiscoveringnewnaturalresources.Studying12_________________.Identifyingareasfor13____________________.Examples:

14_______________________

15_______________________“fireice”deep-seadrillingtheseabedChina’sunderwatervesselsn.物质Whathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.Shipwrecks

suchasthatoftheEsmeralda,ruins

ofancientcitieslikeNeápolis,extraordinary

deep-seacreatures

suchasbone-whitecoralandthebarreleye,andthesubstanceknownas“fireice”havebeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.n.失事的船；沉船n.管眼鱼ReadforwritingskillsWhatwritingskillsareusedinthepassage?Statistics&examplesThediscoursemarkers(语篇标记)Asyouread,noticethediscoursemarkers

usedinthetext,eginaddition,also,however,furthermore,aswellas.Thesemarkersfunctionlikeroadsigns,helpingyouconnectideasandunderstandthewriter’sattitudeandopinions.discoursemarkersStatisticsExampleswholecityburiedbeneaththewavestheancientRomancityofNeapolislocation:______________________time:__________________cause:__________________offthecoastofTunisiatsunamithe4thcenturyExamplesinpara.2theancientRomancityofNeapolisExamplesExamplesinpara.3200metresdarkzone6000metresdeep8000metresName:________________________Age:________________________Name:_____________Features:_________________________________barreleyetransparentforeheadeyescanlookupwardsbone-whitecoral4000yearsoldlifetobefoundevenaroundthedeepseavocalnicopeningsExamplesExamplesinpara.4China’sachievementsNewnaturalresource:__________Underwatervessels:___________________________fireiceJiaolong&ShenhaiYongshiTip:

Theuseofstatisticsandexamplesmakethe

passagemore

convincing.Post-readingWhydoyouthinktheauthorusesstatisticsinthepassage?Whatotherexamplesofoceanexplorationdoyouknowof?Shareonewiththeclass.Whatdoyouthinkdrivestheexplorationoftheoceans?Whatcommonmessagedothetworeadingpassagesinthisunitconvey?Howdotheyeachbuilduponthisidea?Whydoyouthinktheauthorusesstatisticsinthepassage?Whatotherexamplesofoceanexplorationdoyouknowof?Shareonewiththeclass.Theuseofstatisticsmakesthepassagemoreconvincing.ChartoftheCaliforniaCoastThisreconnaissancechartoftheCaliforniacoastwascreatedbyCaptainJamesAldenin1852.In1857JamesAldendiscoveredCalifornia’sMontereyCanyon,thefirstknownsubmarinevalley.Asubmarinevalleyisalong,deepdepressionintheoceanfloor.Whatdoyouthinkdrivestheexplorationoftheoceans?Theoceansmakeup70%oftheearth’stotalarea.Largenumbersofmarineanimalsandplantsareimportantsourcesoffoodforhumanbeings.Therefore,itisveryimportantforustounderstandtheworld’soceans.Inadditiontoconcernsaboutmaritimesecurityandeconomicinterests,explorationoftheseabedwillsatisfyhuman’scuriosityandthirstfortheunknownknowledge.Whatcommonmessagedothetworeadingpassagesinthisunitconvey?Howdotheyeachbuilduponthisidea?Bothpassagesconveythemessagethathumanshavethedesireandmeanstoexploretheunknown.Thefirstpassagedoesthisbylookingatourfascinationwithhistory’sgreatestmysteries,whilethesecondpassagelooksatpioneeringexplorationofEarth’soceans.Giveatalkabouttheinfluencesofoceanexplorationonyourdailylife.Lookatthediagrambelowandbrainstormexamplesofhowoceanexplorationaffectsyourdailylife.TradeandeconomyCulturalexchangeTransportandtravelFoodandnaturalresourcesEnvironmentandconservationInfluencesofoceanexplorationOrganiseyourtalkbycompletingthediagramwithyourexamples.Oceanexplorationaffectsourdailylifeinmanyways.Theairwebreathe:Theoceanproducesoverhalfoftheworld’soxygenandabsorbs50timesmorecarbondioxidethanouratmosphere.Climateregulation:Covering70percentoftheEarth’ssurface,theoceantransportsheatfromtheequatortothepoles,regulatingourclimateandweatherpatterns.Food:Theoceanprovidesmorethanjustseafood;ingredientsfromtheseaarefoundinsurprisingfoodssuchaspeanutbutterandsoymilk.Medicine:Manymedicinalproductscomefromtheocean,includingingredientsthathelpfightcancer,arthritis,Alzheimer’sdisease,andheartdisease.Recreation:Fromfishingtoboatingtokayakingandwhalewatching,theoceanprovidesuswithmanyuniqueactivities.Giveyourtalktotheclass.SummaryThedeepseaisEarth’slastfrontier.Weshould

protectdeep-seaecosystemstocontributetothefuturesustainabledevelopmentandecologicalbalanceoftheearth.Today,some500yearsaftertheEsmeralda

set

sail,thereislittle—ifany—landonourplanetleftunexplored.今天,在“艾斯梅拉达”号起航大约500年后,我们星球上几乎没有什么土地没有被探索过。◆setsail起航;开航【词汇拓展】sailn.帆/v.航行setsailfor=sailfor

向……航行;朝……航行setsailacross/sailacross 航行穿过……sailinto/outof

驶入/驶出Thewhitesailsbillowwiththebreezes.Ishallgetmyselfalittleboatandsailitaroundtheworld.单句语法填空(1)OnZhengHe’sfirstvoyage,hesailed

theIndianOcean.

(2)Thecaptainsaidgoodbyetothekingandqueenandsailed

England.

acrossforIntheverydeepestoceantrenchesthataremorethan8,000metresbelowthesurface,thepressureisequivalentto50aeroplanesstackedoneontopofanother.海面以下8000多米的最深的海沟中的压力相当于50架飞机叠在一起。◆equivalentadj.等同的;等值的;相当的【词汇拓展】equivalentn.

相等的东西;对应词beequivalentto 与……相等;与……相同Onekilometreis

equivalent

totwoli.1千米为2里。ThiswordhasnoequivalentinEnglish.这个单词在英语中没有对应词。单句语法填空(1)Eightkilometresisroughlyequivalent

fivemiles.

(2)IsthereaFrenchwordthatis

exactequivalentoftheEnglishword“home”?

totheTheJiaolongevenholds

the

recordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine,at7,062metres,givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld’stopoceanexplorers.“蛟龙”号甚至保持了载人潜水艇下潜最深的纪录,达到7062米,这使中国与世界上顶尖的海洋探险国并驾齐驱。◆holdtherecord保持纪录【词汇拓展】keeparecordof

把……记录下来break/set/keeparecord 打破/创造/保持纪录onrecord

记录在案的makearecord

录制唱片Itisrecordedthat...

据记载……单句语法填空(1)Lastyearwasthewarmestyear

record,withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.

(2)

isrecordedthattherehavebeenalotofearthquakesinthisarea.

完成句子(3)Whenyou

(录制唱片),it’sdifferentfromaconcert,becauseyouleavesomethingthere.

(4)Thegoldprice

(创造新纪录)ofover$1,900anouncethisyear.

onItmakearecordsetanewrecordBeingatoughenvironmentofcompletedarkness,enormouspressureandintensecold,theoceandepthshavelongbeenbeyond

the

reach

ofhumanexploration.海洋深处完全黑暗、压力巨大且极度寒冷的恶劣环境,早已超出人类的探测范围。◆beyondthereachof超出……范围;无法达到【词汇拓展】beyondone’sreach/outofone’sreach超出……范围;无法达到withinone’sreach=withinthereachof够得着;在……伸手可及的范围内Theapplesonthetreearebeyond/out

of

my

reach.我够不到树上的苹果。Iliketoplacerefreshmentswithin

my

reach.我喜欢把点心放在我伸手可及之处。完成句子(1)演化的理论超乎我的想象。Thetheoryofevolutionis

myimagination.

(2)把手刚好在我够不着的地方。Thehandlewasjust

.

(3)请把词典放在我伸手够得着的地方。Pleaseputthedictionary

.

beyondthereachof

beyondmyreachwithinmyreachWriting02WritingabouttheunexplainedHowmuchdoyouknowaboutthepictures?EgyptianpyramidsDeadseaMayapyramidSanxingduiAncientBabylonQomolangmaThe30thParallelNorthCanyoutellanythingaboutthemincommon？Lookatthepicturesandtalkaboutwhatyouknowaboutthemysterious30th

parallelnorth.Readthemagazinearticleandanswerthequestions.Alongaspeciallineoflatitude,knownasthe30thparallelnorth,lienumeroussitesofancientcivilisationsandimpressivenaturalfeatures.Ancientcivilisationsappearedontheparallel,includingBabylon,withitsfamoustower;Egypt,withitspyramids;China,withitsSanxingduiculture,etc.Thesecivilisationsappearedatasimilartime,andalldevelopedadvancedbronze-makingtechniques.Weretheypartofasinglesuper-civilisation,assomethink?ALONGLINEOFMYSTERIESIt’sarguedthatthe30thparallelnorthisalineofgreatnaturalenergy,withfrequentearthquakesandvolcaniceruptions.Thiscreatesamazingnaturalfeatures,includingMountQomolangma,theDeadSea,andrivers,suchastheNile,theMississippiandtheYangtze.Lackinganyconcreteevidence,someevenclaimitwassupernaturalpowers!Scientists,however,disputethesetheories.It’smorelikely,theyargue,thatcivilisationsaroseonthe30thparallelnorthbecausetheclimatethereisgenerallywarmandwet.Majortectonicplatesmeetatthislatitude,causingearthquakes,whichhelpedformtheHimalayas.Therest,theysay,iseithercoincidenceorfantasy.Whyisthe30thparallelnorthmysterious?Whataresomeunusualexplanationsforit?Whataresomepossiblescientificexplanations?The30thparallelnorthismysteriousbecauseitiswherenumeroussitesofancientcivilisationsandimpressivenaturalfeatureslie.Somebelievethatthe30thparallelnorthisalineofgreatnaturalenergy,withfrequentearthquakesandvolcaniceruptions,andothersevenclaimthatitsamazingnaturalfeatureswerecausedbysupernaturalpowers.Possiblescientificexplanationsforthe30thparallelnorthincludethegenerallywarmanddampclimatethatmadeitagoodplaceforcivilisationstodevelop,andthefactthatitiswheremajortectonicplatesmeet.Analyzethe

mainfunctionofeachparagraph.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Overview,whatistheunexplainedphenomenon？Whyisitmysterious?Whatnon-scientificexplanationsarethere?Howdoscientistsexplainit?Plananarticleaboutanunexplainedphenomenon.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.Whatistheunexplainedphenomenon?Whyisitmysterious?Whatnon-scientificexplanationsarethere?Howdoscientistsexplainit?TheBermudaTriangleFarbelowthesurfaceoftheNorthAtlanticOcean,inaroughlytriangularareaknownastheBermudaTriangle,liemorethan50shipwrecksand20planewrecks.Whatmakesthesewreckssomysteriousisthatthecauseoftheirfateremainslargelyunknown-shipswereabandonedwithoutapparentreason,distresssignalswereneversentandaircraftwerelostwithouttrace.Somebelievethatsupernaturalforcesareresponsi