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考点20完型填空技巧

核心考点梳理

--------------左

(一)解题步骤

(二)解题技巧

1'利用首句来解题,根据全文来选择

Ididverybadly|atschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14hesaid,"You'renever

goingtobe37(anything)butafailure.9,

A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful

2、根据上下文语境,合理推断来解题

Ourfatherwasastruggling|lawyej,butIalwaysknewhewas37.He|nevercriticized]us,butused38

tobringoutourbest.

37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned

38.A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praise

Practice:

HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43

aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtatoloseweight.

43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreledD.joked

44.A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.Darker

3、利用语篇标志解雪(四找)

常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly;因果关系:because,thus,hence,

therefore,so;递进关系:besides,moreover,furthermore,whafsmore,;转折关系:but,while,however,yet,

nevertheless,ontheotherhand等。

Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)41vacation,|bu^washeart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsof

Kodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.

A.disappointingB・wonderfulC.uncomfortableD.important

1、找逻辑关系题(转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进)

2、找NOT题(在原文中找not)

句式结构:前面肯定后面否定、前面否定后面肯定,则选对立关系的词。

考点:(以下条件缺一不可)

①考查的是一个肯定句和否定句之间的逻辑关系,空前后必须是独立的句子;

②出题位置在两个句子之间或第二个句子的开头,不能处在一个句子的末尾或中间;

③选项中必须要有对立关系的词。

3、找AND题(在原文中找and)

考点:

①and前后选同义词,词性一致;

②and前后选同一范围词;

③and前后句子对应成分相同;

④在文章中,并列关系词前后如果出题,利用已知关系解题。

4、找同现复现原则

Liumeiisamongthe_22—ones.TheChineseUniversityofHongKonggranted(答应给)Liuafull

scholarship---HK$500,000.Notallstudentsaresofortunate.

22.A.poorB.smartC.luckyD.silent

Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage....Someofuslike_2_friends

whileotherslikedifferentfriends.PersonallyIpreferboth.

Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages....

2.A.trueB.rightC.sameD.similar

4、根据逻辑推理解题

...andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadavery|strange|quite

|pleasant|taste.

A.besidesB.butC.andD.or

5、根据常识和文化背景的角度痛藕

Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreams

sometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areas|liknthedesert|.

A,dryB.distantC.desertedD.wild

6、从语法角度来解题

Iwentintoacafeandaskedforacoffee.21Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereother

peopleintheplace,butIsensed22(loneliness).

A.BeforeB.SinceC.AlthoughD.While

Haveyouevershoutedatateacher,toldsomeoneyouwerelonely,orsaidyouwereinlove,andthen23

lateryou[adkept|yourmouthshut?

23.A.wishedB.hopedC.blamedD.shared

解题思路:利用语法分析解题,选项中的动词都是过去式,其后句宾语从句(hadkept|是过去完成时,

故判断是虚拟。

7、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题

1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming_l_.Soheshouldn'thavegoneintothatplace.

l.A.afterallB.inallCatallD.forall

8、从词语辨析的角度来解题

When,twoweekslater,I38thissameboy,IwasmoreawareofmypositioninNigeriansociety.Ishould

9(enjoy)thiscountryasthesonofaminister.

A.ranafterB.ranintoC.ranoverD.ranto

9、同义近义复现来解题

Ibelievethatamixtureoffriendsisequallyadvantageous.Onecan___7___fromvarioussortsoffriends

inthreeaspects.First,frequentcontactswithdifferentfriendsbroadenmyworldoutlooks.Justasvariouskinds

ofnutrimentskeepyouhealthy,makinga_8_offriendskeepyoulively....Secondly,Ihavefoundthat

differentfriendscannotonlyleadtonewadventuresbutalsoshowmenewavenuestosuccessinlife....

7.A.obtainB.benefitC.sufferD.earn

8.A.rangeB.seriesC.quantityD.Variety

当堂知识检测

--------------------------"-H.

(2023•上海松江•统考二模)Aninterestingstudyfoundcapuchinmonkeys(僧帽猴),likehumans,are

guidedbysocialemotions.Trypayingonemonkeywithgrapesandanotherwithcucumbersforthe1

amountofworkandyoumaybesurprisedattheresults!Themonkeywhogotthecucumberswillprobably2

workingforyou.Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,eventhoughmonkeysareusually3toreceive

them,saysSarahBrosnan,apsychologyprofessoratGeorgiaStateUniversity.

ThatexperimentbyBrosnanandFransdeWallpublishedin2003inNaturewasoneofthefirsttoshowthat

animalsmayhaveanassessmentfor4-amoralsensethatmanyresearcherspreviouslythoughtonly

humanspossessed.Sincethen,manyresultshavesuggestedthatanimals-particularlythosethatdependon__5

fortheirsurvivalmayhaveaninbornsenseofjustice.

Socialanimals,whichareinterdependentforaliving,will6sharerewardswithotherswhoworked

towardthesamegoal."Thebuilt-insensedidn'tdevelopfirstinhumans.Ifspossiblysomethingthatbeganin

socialspecies,and7tous."Brosnansaidinaninterview.

Onestudy8thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideuptherewards.Another

studyevenfindsthatanimalswilloccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves9

InresearchbyBrosnanandhercolleaguespublishedinAmericanJournalofPrimatology,twocapuchinmonkeys

hadtoworktogethertopullaplateoffoodtotheircages.Butbeforetheybeganpulling,themonkeyshadto

decidewhichonewouldgetagrapeandwhichonewouldgetanappleslice.10fightingoverthegrape

oralwayslettingtheleadingmonkeyeatit,theanimalsgenerallyvaryrolesontheway,sotheybothearnedsome

grapesandsomeappleslices,Brosnanfound.Incaseswherethe11monkeyalwaysgotthegoodfood,

theothermonkeywerelikelytogiveupparticipating.Moreoftenthannot,itpreferredto12areward

thanbepaidunfairly.

AccordingtoBrosnan,thattendencytosharerewardsfairlyprobablydevelopedasaresultoftheway

capuchinsworktogethertohunt.64IfwearehuntingandIamnotgivingyoumuchofthekill,youwouldbebetter

offfindinganother13Jshesays.

However,interpretinganimalbehaviorthroughhumaneyescanbe14,observesMarcHauser,a

Harvardpsychologyprofessorandevolutionarybiologist.Inthecucumber-grapestudy,forexample,themonkeys

couldhave15thecucumberssimplybecausetheywereannoyedthattheydidn'tgetagrapeoncethey

sawit.

1.A.variousB.enormousC.equalD.superb

2.A.riskB.restartC.quitD.fancy

3.A.matureB.contentc.passiveD.shocked

4.A.stabilityB.reputationc.enduranceD.fairness

5.A.necessitiesB.rewardsc.emotionD.cooperation

6.A.naturallyB.barelyC.surprisinglyD.occasionally

7.A.evolvedB.communicatedC.deliveredD.referred

8.A.deniesB.predictsC.indicatesD.suspects

9.A.discoverB.receiveC.expectD.present

10.A.InsteadofB.ThankstoC.RegardlessofD.Priorto

11.A.diligentB.dominantC.generousD.outgoing

12.A.saveB.admireC.shareD.refuse

13.A.partnerB.roleC.huntD.task

14.A.criticalB.pessimisticC.problematicD.marvellous

15.A.setasideB.thrownawayC.heldontoD.aimedat

【答案】

1.C2.C3.B4.D5.D6.A7.A8.C9.B10.A11.B12.D

13.A14.C15.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章主要讲的是研究结果表明,动物,尤其是那些依靠合作生存的动物,可能

天生就有正义感,所以依靠合作生存的动物自然而然就会与为同一目标而努力的其他动物分享奖励,同时

也会因为分配不公平拒绝合作。

1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:试着给一只猴子吃葡萄,给另一只猴子吃黄瓜,做同样的工作,你可能

会对结果感到惊讶!A.various各种各样的;B.enormous巨大的;C.equal相等的;胜任的;平等的;D.superb

极佳的。根据空后“amountofworkandyoumaybesurprisedattheresults!”以及后文"Socialanimals,whichare

interdependentforaliving,will___6___sharerewardswithotherswhoworkedtowardthesamegoal.“可知两只

猴子吃的东西不同但却要作同样的工作。故选C项。

2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:得到黄瓜的猴子可能会不再为你工作。A.risk冒险;B.restart重启;C.quit

停止;戒掉;D.fancy喜欢。根据后文"Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,eventhoughmonkeysareusually

3toreceivethem,“可知分到黄瓜的猴子会通过扔掉黄瓜的方式来拒绝同等量的工作。故选C项。

3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:乔治亚州立大学心理学教授SarahBrosnan说,它甚至可能会把黄瓜扔掉,

尽管猴子通常很乐意接受它们。A.mature成熟的;B.content满意的;C.passive被动的;消极的;D.shocked

震惊的;吃惊的。根据前文“Themonkeywhogotthecucumberswillprobably___2___workingforyou.Hemay

eventhrowoutthecucumbers,eventhoughmonkeysareusually”可知为了表示对不公平对待的不满,得到黄瓜

的猴子会扔掉黄瓜,由句中的eventhough“尽管”可知前后语意是转折关系,所以可以推断猴子平时是喜欢

黄瓜的,通常很乐意接受它们。故选B项。

4.考查名词词义辨析。句意:BrosnanandFransdeWall于2003年在《自然》杂志上发表的实验是最早证

明动物可能具有公平评估能力的实验之一一许多研究人员以前认为只有人类拥有这种道德感。A.

stability稳定性;稳固性;B.reputation名声;名著;C.endurance持久力;忍耐力;D.fairness公平;公正。

根据后文“Sincethen,manyresultshavesuggestedthatanimals-particularlythosethatdependon___5___for

theirsurvivalmayhaveaninbornsenseofjustice.“以及后文"AccordingtoBrosnan,thattendencytoshare

rewardsfairlyprobablydevelopedasaresultofthewaycapuchinsworktogethertohunt.”可矢口要求公平分享奖

励证明动物可能具有公平评估的能力。故选D项。

5.考查名词词义辨析。句意:从那时起,许多研究结果表明,动物,尤其是那些依靠合作生存的动物,

可能天生就有正义感。A.necessities必需品;B.rewards奖赏;C.emotion情绪;情感;D.cooperation合作。

根据后文“Socialanimals,whichareinterdependentforaliving,will___6___sharerewardswithotherswho

workedtowardthesamegoal.“以及后文"Onestudy___8___thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunt

togetherdivideuptherewards.”可推测能够分享奖励的动物往往都是一些依靠合作才能生存的动物。故选D

项。

6.考查副词词义辨析。句意:群居动物以相互依赖为生,它们自然会与为同一目标而努力的其他动物分

享奖励。A.naturally自然地;天然地;B.barely几乎不;勉强才能;C.surprisingly惊人地;出人意料地;

D.occasionally偶尔;偶然。根据前文“Sincethen,manyresultshavesuggestedthatanimals——particularlythose

thatdependon___5___fortheirsurvivalmayhaveaninbornsenseofjustice.”可知许多研究结果表明,动物,

尤其是那些依靠合作生存的动物,可能天生就有正义感,所以可以推测依靠合作生存的动物自然而然就会

与为同一目标而努力的其他动物分享奖励。故选A项。

7.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这可能起源于群居物种,并进化到我们人类。"Brosnan在接受采访时说。

A.evolved进化;演变;B.communicated交流;传达;C.delivered递送;D.referred参考;谈及。根据上

文“Thebuilt-insensedidn'tdevelopfirstinhumans.Ifspossiblysomethingthatbeganinsocialspecies,“可知这

种天生的正义感最初并没有出现在人类身上,而是后来逐渐进化到人类的。故选A项。

8.考查动词词义辨析。句意:一项研究表明,一些动物,尤其是那些一起狩猎的动物,会把奖励分给别

人。A.denies否认;B.predicts预言;C.indicates表明;显示;D.suspects怀疑。根据后文“thatsomeanimals

particularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideuptherewards.Anotherstudyevenfindsthatanimalswill

occasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves___9___可矢口研究表明那些——起狩猎的

动物会把奖励分给与之合作的动物。故选C项。

9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:另一项研究甚至发现,动物偶尔会给伙伴比它们自己得到的更好的奖励。

A.discover发现;B.receive收到;接待;C.expect期盼;盼望;D.present颁发;赠送。根据前文“Onestudy

8___thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideuptherewards.Anotherstudyeven

findsthatanimalswilloccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves”可矢口彼止匕合作的动

物会分给合作伙伴比自己得到的要好的奖励。故选B项。

10.考查介词短语辨析。句意:Brosnan发现,猴子们不会为了争夺葡萄而打架,也不会总是让领头的猴

子吃掉葡萄,而是在路上扮演不同的角色,所以它们都能得到一些葡萄和苹果片。'Insteadof代替;而

不是;B.Thanksto幸亏;多亏;C.Regardlessof不管不顾;D.Priorto优先;在...之前。根据后文“fighting

overthegrapeoralwayslettingtheleadingmonkeyeatit,theanimalsgenerallyvaryrolesontheway,sothey

bothearnedsomegrapesandsomeappleslices,Brosnanfbund.”可知猴子们为了都能得到一些好的食物会在

路上扮演不同的角色,而不是为了得到好的食物而打架。故选A项。

11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在占优势的猴子总是得到好食物的情况下,另一只猴子可能会放弃参与。

A.diligent勤奋的;B.dominant占优势地位的;C.generous慷慨的;大方的;D.outgoing外向的。根据前

文“___10___fightingoverthegrapeoralwayslettingtheleadingmonkeyeatit,”可矢口合在占优势的猴子总是得

到好食物的情况下,另一只猴子可能会放弃参与。故选B项。

12.考查动词词义辨析。句意:通常情况下,它拒绝分享奖励,而不是接受不公平的奖励。A.save救助;

节省;B.admire钦佩;仰慕;C.share分享;D.refuse拒绝;不接受。根据前文“Incaseswherethe___11___

monkeyalwaysgotthegoodfood,theothermonkeywerelikelytogiveupparticipating.“可知如果分配不公正

的话合作关系中的另一只猴子宁肯放弃合作,即拒绝通过合作得到不公平报酬。故选D项。

13.考查名词词义辨析。句意:她说:“如果我们在打猎,而我没有给你很多猎物,你最好另找一个伙伴J'A.

partner伙伴;B.role角色;C.hunt寻找;狩猎;D.task任务。根据前文“Anotherstudyevenfindsthatanimals

willoccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves___9___可矢口共同合作打猎的双方

是彼此的合作伙伴。故选A项。

14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,哈佛大学心理学教授、进化生物学家MarcHauser认为,通过人

类的眼睛来解释动物行为可能存在问题。A.critical批判的;极其重要的;B.pessimistic悲观的;C.problematic

有困难的;成问题的;D.marvellous极好的;令人惊奇的。根据后文“Inthecucumber-grapestudy,forexample,

themonkeyscouldhave___15___thecucumberssimplybecausetheywereannoyedthattheydidn'tgetagrape

oncetheysawit.”可知哈佛大学心理学教授、进化生物学家MarcHauserda认为猴子扔黄瓜的原因并不是因

为合作中的分配不公平,所以可以推测通过人类的眼睛来解释动物行为可能是有问题的。故选C项。

15.考查动词短语辨析。句意:例如,在黄瓜一葡萄的研究中,猴子可能只是因为看到了葡萄却没有得到

而生气,就把黄瓜扔掉了。A.setaside留出;B.thrownaway扔掉;C.heldonto紧紧抓住;D.aimedat针

对;目的在于。根据上文“Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,”可知在黄瓜一葡萄的研究中,猴子扔掉了

黄瓜。故选B项。

(2023•上海嘉定•统考二模)Hassomeoneevertoldyousomethingthatmadeyoudoubtyourownmemory

orjudgment?Ifso,youmaybea16ofgaslighting.4tGaslighting^^isakindofpsychologicalabusetogain

17overothersbypurposelymakingotherpeoplethinkthey'rewrongevenwhenthey5reright.Theterm

comesfromPatrickHamilton'splayin1938.LeadcharacterJackManninghamseekstoconvincehiswifeBella

thatsheis18,bysayingsheisimaginingthedimming(变口音)ofthegaslightintheirhome,whenitwas

actuallyhewholoweredthebrightnessofthelight.

Gaslightingisinitiallyusedtotalkaboutwhathappensinromanticrelationships.However,manyindividuals

alsoexperiencegaslightingatwork.19arecentsurveyhasfoundthat58%oftherespondentssaidthey

haveexperiencedgaslightingatwork.Ifs20sincegaslightingusuallyinvolvesapowerrelationshipanda

needtocontrolothers.Intheworkplace,the21betweenabossandhisemployeecanbetheperfect

breeding(滋生的)groundforthistypeofbehavior.Yourbossmighttellyoutohandleanassignmentinacertain

way,butwhenyoudo,hegets22andsaysitwasn'twhathewanted.Itmakesyoufeellikeyourmemory

is23.Inothersituations,yourbossmayexcludeyoufromameeting24andwhenyouaskhim

aboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoosensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly.

Inordertofindoutwhetheryourboss'sbehaviorreally25gaslightingorheisjustapoor

communicator,youcouldwritedownyourexperiencesandaskyourselfwhatreallyhappened,whathismotives

mighthavebeen,andhowyouremotionwas26.Butalwaysbecarefulbecausegaslightersknowhowtofly

undertheradar(雷达).Theyareskilledatweakeninganemployee'sconfidenceandsenseofrealityinaclever

and27way.

Toprotectyourself,attheendoftheconversationwithyourboss,repeatbackwhatyouheardandfollowup

withane-mailrestatingthemainpoints,28theinteractionsbetweenyoutwo.Butdon'tgetyourhopes

highthatthiswillautomaticallysolvetheproblem,RobinStem,authorofTheGaslightEjfect,warns,becauseit's

hardtogetagaslighterto29hisbehaviorpattern.Ifthingsdon'timprove,youmaywanttoconsider

gettingoutofthegaslightingsituationbylookingforanewposition.Itmaybeoneofthebestthingsyoucando

foryour30well-being.

16.A.creatorB.victimC.hostD.scholar

17.A.powerB.wealthC.supportD.experience

18.A.havingfunB.feelingangryC.goingcrazyD.becomingyounger

19.A.BycomparisonB.WorsestillC.AfterallD.Infact

20.A.unsurprisingB.irrelevantC.unnecessaryD.improper

21.A.harmoniesB.dynamicsC.phasesD.replacements

22.A.annoyedB.interestedC.frightenedD.excited

23.A.visualB.painfulC.faultyD.lasting

24.A.atrandomB.forsureC.intimeD.onpurpose

25.A.recommendsB.constitutesC.escapesD.discovers

26.A.facilitatedB.affectedC.representedD.monitored

27.A.hard-to-proveB.easy-to-spotC.safe-to-learnD.tough-to-survive

28.A.interruptingB.overcomingC.abandoningD.documenting

29.A.submitB.attainC.changeD.forgive

30.A.emotionalB.physicalC.virtualD.economic

【答案】

16.B17.A18.C19.D20.A21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.B

27.A28.D29.C30.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是煤气灯效应和员工该如何保护自己免受这种效应的影响。

16.考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果是这样,你可能是煤气灯的受害者。A.creator创造者;B.victim受害

者;C.host主人;D.scholar学者。根据上文“someoneevertoldyousomethingthatmadeyoudoubtyourown

memoryorjudgment”可知,句子表示“你可能是煤气灯的受害者”。故选B。

17.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Gaslighting是一种心理虐待,目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的,即使他

们是对的。A.power力量;B.wealth财富;C.support支持;D.experience经历。根据下文“purposelymaking

otherpeoplethinkthey'rewrongevenwhenthey'reright”可知,句子表示“Gaslighting是一种心理虐待,目的

是故意让别人认为自己是错的,即使他们是对的",gainpoweroversb.意为“征服某人工故选A。

18.考查动词短语辨析。句意:主角JackManningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了,他说她是在想

象他们家的煤气灯变暗,而实际上是他调低了灯的亮度。A.havingfun玩得开心;B.feelingangry感到生

气;C.goingcrazy发疯;D.becomingyounger变得更年轻。根据下文“sayingsheisimaginingthedimming(变

暗)ofthegaslightintheirhome,whenitwasactuallyhewholoweredthebrightnessofthelight”可知,主角Jack

Manningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了。故选C。

19.考查固定短语辨析。句意:事实上,最近的一项调查发现,58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤

气灯效应。A.Bycomparison相比之下;B.Worsestill更糟糕的是;C.Afterall毕竟;D.Infact事实上。根

据下文“arecentsurveyhasfoundthat58%oftherespondentssaidtheyhaveexperiencedgaslightingatwork”可

知,句子表示“事实上,最近的一项调查发现,58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯照明:故选

Do

20.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这并不奇怪,因为煤气灯照明通常涉及权力关系和控制他人的需要。A.

unsurprising不足为奇的;B.irrelevant不相关的;C.unnecessary不必要的;D.improper不适当的。根据下

文“sincegaslightingusuallyinvolvesapowerrelationshipandaneedtocontrolothers”可知,在工作中经历过煤

气灯效应是不足为奇的。故选A。

21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在工作场所,老板和员工之间的动态关系可能是这种行为的完美滋生地。

A.harmonies和谐;B.dynamics动态;C.phases短语;D.replacements替代。根据下文“betweenabossand

hisemployee”可知,此处指“老板和员工之间的动态关系”。故选B。

22.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务,但当你这样做时,他

会很生气,说这不是他想要的。A.annoyed生气的;B.interested感兴趣的;C.frightened害怕的;D.excited

激动的。根据下文“saysitwasn'twhathewanted”可知,句子表示“你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一

项任务,但当你这样做时,他会很生气,说这不是他想要的”。故选A。

23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的。A.visual视觉的;B.painful痛苦的;C.

faulty错误的;D.lasting持久的。根据上文“itwasn'twhathewanted”可知,句子表示“这让你觉得你的记忆

是错误的",故选C。

24.考查固定短语辨析。句意:在其他情况下,你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外,当你问他这件

事时,他可能会指责你太敏感,而不是直接回答你的问题。A.atrandom任意地;B.forsure毫无疑问地;

C.intime及时;D.onpurpose故意地。根据下文“whenyouaskhimaboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoo

sensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly”可知,句子表示“你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之

外,当你问他这件事时,他可能会指责你太敏感,而不是直接回答你的问题”。故选D。

25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯,还是他只是一个糟糕的

沟通者,你可以写下你的经历,问问自己真实发生了什么,他的动机可能是什么,以及你的情绪是如何受

到影响的。A.recommends推荐;B.constitutes构成;C.escapes逃跑;D.discovers发现。根据下文“gaslighting

orheisjustapoorcommunicator”可知,此处表示“为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯,还是他

只是一个糟糕的沟通者”。故选B。

26.考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯,还是他只是一个糟糕的

沟通者,你可以写下你的经历,问问自己真实发生了什么,他的动机可能是什么,以及你的情绪是如何受

到影响的。A.facilitated促进,推动;B.affected影响;C.represented代表;D.monitored监控。根据上文“when

youaskhimaboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoosensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly”可知,

老板这么对待员工,员工的情绪肯定会受影响,此处表示“你的情绪是如何受到影响的“。故选B。

27.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。A.

hard-to-prove难以证明的;B.easy-to-spot容易被发现的;C.safe-to-learn有把握学习的;D.tough-to-survive

难以存活的。根据下文“Toprotectyourselfattheendoftheconversationwithyourboss,repeatbackwhatyou

heardandfollowupwithane-mailrestatingthemainpoints”可知,老板擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削

弱员工的信心和现实感。故选A。

28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了保护自己,在与老板的谈话结束时,重复你听到的内容,然后发电子

邮件重申要点,记录你们之间的互动。A.interruptingJT#T;B.overcoming克服;C.abandoning放弃;D.

documenting记录。根据上文“repeatbackwhatyouheardandfollowupwithane-mailrestatingthemainpoints^^

可知,此处表示“在与老板的谈话结束时,重复你听到的内容,然后发电子邮件重申要点,记录你们之间

的互动”。故选D。

29.考查动词词义辨析。句意:不过,《煤气灯效应》一书的作者RobinStern警告说,不要对这样就能自

动解决问题抱太大希望,因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的。'submit提交;B.attain

得到;C.change改变;D.forgive原谅。根据上文"don'tgetyourhopeshighthatthiswillautomaticallysolvethe

problem”可知,句子表示“不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望,因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的

行为模式是很难的”。故选C。

30.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一。A.emotional

情绪的;B.physical物理的;C.virtual虚拟的;D.economic经济的。根据上文“howyouremotionwas___11—“

可知,句子表示“这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一”。故选A。

(2023•上海奉贤•统考二模)Onesummermidnightseveralyearsago,standingoutsideawoodencabinin

MichiganRiver,Ilookedup.Theskywasfilledwiththousandsofstars,thesightofwhichwasalmostenoughto

makeme,anon-believer,offerawordof31upintothestar-filledsky.Buttowhom?PerhapstoJohan

Eklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.

Asabatscientist,Eklof'sworkonbatsrequiresaspecifickindofdarkness—the32kind,

unpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryofdarknessis33.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsof

thechurchesinSweden'ssouthwesthousedbatcolonies.Notanylonger."Today,fortyyearslater,researchFve

donewithmycolleaguesshowsthatthisnumberhasbeenreducedbyathird,34lightpollutionand

otherfactors.Becausethechurchesareall35likecamiva/s(嘉年华)inthenight,“hewrites.t4Weare

surroundingourselveswithlight.”

Excesslightisincredibly36tothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal(夜间7舌动的)animalsinhabit.

It37awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightenslight-sensitivemoths,leavingthemeasily38

top忆击力。"(捕食)orflyingendlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove.Babyturtlescrawlawayfrom

theshorelinetowardthelightsofdistantcoastalcitiesandreeffisheggsgounhatched.Birdsdonotmigrate

39andeventheyforgettosing.ModemadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantlyreducesome

oftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet.

Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan40foradarkerworld一for

darkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.Butdarknessisnotsafeforeveryone.Weneedtoaddressthesocial

issuesthatmakelightedplacesso41inthefirstplace.

Thebottomline:Wecanchangeifwewantto.Someofthesolutionstolightpollution——motion-detecting

lights,shieldedlightsthatdonot42lightupward,artificiallightwithwavelengthsthatissimilarto

naturallight-arealreadywithinourgrasp,ifwejust43them."Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butI

guesswedon'twantto,“saidEklofinarecentinterview.6444,ifsvitalwefindamiddleway.”

Rightnowitishardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbeequipped

withanarrayofprogrammedand45low-impactLEDlights.Orwemighthavecompletelyforgotten

whatdarknessis-theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.

31.A.honourB.gratitudeC.optimismD.determination

32.A.artificialB.brilliantC.faintD.absolute

33.A.achievedB.distractedC.enhancedD.threatened

34.A.resultingfromB.bringingaboutC.judgingbyD.contributingto

35.A.decoratedB.restoredC.litD.faded

36.A.effectiveB.sensitiveC.positiveD.destructive

37.A.scaresB.blowsC.pullsD.turns

38.A.accustomedB.subjectC.availableD.restricted

39.A.ondutyB.inturnC.ontimeD.inpublic

40.A.stimulateB.advocateC.negotiateD.account

41.A.challengingB.appealingC.demandingD.outstanding

42.A.absorbB.stretchC.transformD.reflect

43.A.reachforB.applytoC.longforD.adaptto

44.A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Instead

45.A.fundamentallyB.scientificallyC.environmentallyD.economically

【答案】

31.B32.D33.D34.A35.C36.D37.A38.B39.C40.B41.B

42.D43.A44.A45.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了光污染对鸟类以及夜间习性动物的影响,以及作者提出了可能的解决

方法。

31.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这一景象几乎足以让我这个不信教的人在布满星星的天空中说出一个感恩

词。A.honour荣誉;B.gratitude感恩;C.optimism乐观主义;D.determination决心。根据后文“Birdsdonot

migrate9andeventheyforgettosing.ModemadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantly

reducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet”以及"Itisworthmentioningthat

middle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan10foradarkerworld-fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparking

10ts.”可知作者的感恩是出于对Johan

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