第一部分 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION

选择性必修第四册UNIT1SCIENCEFICTION基础帮默写自测教材帮核心突破高考帮题型对接练习帮课时提能02点击此处添加小标题点击此处添加正文01点击此处添加小标题点击此处添加正文目录CContents

基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.

n.小说；虚构的事2.

n.诚实正直；完整；完好3.

n.庄重；庄严；尊严4.

n.薪水；薪金fiction

integrity

dignity

salary

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ5.

adj.每周的n.周刊6.

n.劳动(者)vi.奋斗；努力工作7.

adv.向后；倒着；往回8.

n.灯；台灯9.

n.速度；步伐；节奏

vt.&vi.调整节奏10.

adj.随机的；不可思议的weekly

labour

backwards

lamp

pace

random

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.拓展单词——通其变1.

vt.任命；委任；安排→

n.预约；约会；委任→

adj.指定的2.

n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪→

adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的3.

vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→

n.悬浮；暂缓；暂令停职appoint

appointment

appointed

guilt

guilty

suspend

suspension

4.

vt.让(某人)离开；解散；

解雇→

n.解雇；免职5.

vt.表明；宣称；公布→

n.(纳税品等的)申报(单)；宣布；公告；声明(书)dismiss

dismissal

declare

declaration

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

vt.计算；核算；预测→

n.计算→

⁠

n.计算器7.

vt.(使)分开；使意见不一→

n.分开；分隔；除(法)calculate

calculation

calculator

divide

division

8.

n.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→

n.紧急；紧

急的事→

adj.紧急的；迫切的→

adv.迫切地；紧急地9.

vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→

n.爆炸；突然爆发；激增urge

urgency

urgent

urgently

explode

explosion

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.阅读单词——晓其意1.bonus

n.

⁠2.ridiculous

adj.

⁠3.absurd

adj.

⁠4.nail

n.

vt.

⁠5.saleswoman

n.

⁠意外收获；奖金；红利愚蠢的；荒谬的；

荒唐的荒谬的；荒唐的指甲；趾甲；钉子(用钉子)钉牢；固定女售货员；女推销员6.ladder

n.

⁠7.rumour

n.

⁠8.fare

n.

⁠⁠梯子；阶梯谣言；传闻车费；船费；飞机票价ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ⁠9.flour

n.

⁠10.venue

n.

⁠11.superior

adj.

⁠面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)

更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的12.leather

n.

⁠13.panel

n.

⁠14.inch

n.

⁠15.niece

n.

⁠⁠皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套控制板；

仪表盘；专家咨询组英寸侄女；外甥女ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ⁠16.fetch

vt.

⁠17.handkerchief

n.

⁠(去)拿来；(去)取来手帕；纸巾18.maximum

adj.

n.

⁠19.stun

vt.

⁠20.mud

n.

⁠最大极限的最大量；最大限度使震惊；使昏迷泥；

泥浆ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅣ.核心短语——明搭配1.

检验；测试2.

更像是；更接近3.

根据；以……的方式(基准)4.

事物的利与弊；支持与反对5.

比……更好；更胜一筹testout

morelike

ona...basis

prosandcons

superiorto

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

占上风；取而代之；接管7.

与……冲突或抵触8.

关掉；熄灭；在场；结果是9.

(逐渐)减少；消失10.

有强烈的欲望做某事takeover

conflictwith

turnout

fallaway

haveanurgetodosth.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.经典句式——会运用1.Hesuggestedthat

⁠thenightbeforehe

wastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.[suggestthat...(should＋)dosth.]他建议在他要离开，也就是拉里要回来的前一天晚上，她邀请格拉迪丝(Gladys)和

她的朋友们到家里来。

2.Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefelt

.(morethan...)她听到他说，第二天他不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅是想取悦她。sheinviteGladysandherfriendstothehouse

morethanjustthedesiretopleaseher

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ3.Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwe

⁠betweenreality

andsciencefictioninthefuture.(find＋it＋宾补＋不定式)如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也不足为奇。4.Heseemed

.(more...than...)他看起来更像一个人，而不是一台机器。founditdifficulttodistinguish

morelikeahumanthanamachine

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本单元词汇)1.Honestyand

(正直)arethequalitiesthataleadershouldbemadeof.2.Inthepractice，wecanexperiencethevalueof

(劳动)andexposeourselvestoawiderangeofpracticalskills.3.Ifyouwerewrong，admitit.Youwon’tlose

(尊严)，butwillgainrespect.integrity

labour

dignity

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，forinstance，notpurchasingmorefood

thannecessaryinyour

(每周的)shopping.weekly

5.We’dbetterliveourlifeatourown

insteadofcomparingourselveswithothers.6.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology，thingswhichonlyexistinscience

⁠

havebeenbroughtintoourdailylives.pace

fiction

7.Hewouldnotacceptthisjobforsuchasmall

⁠sincehehasalargefamilyto

support.8.Isatdownonthefloor，pulledafewbooksofftheshelfat

⁠andbegantoread.salary

random

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Theworkwasso

thatourboss

⁠ustofinishitatallcosts.Andwe

soonrealizedthe

ofthematter.(urge)2.Ifeel

⁠aboutthesillymistakeImadeyesterdayandnowordscanexpress

my

.(guilt)3.MyfriendJennywas

⁠asthechairwomanofthecommittee.Wemadean

tocelebrateattherestaurant，butIcouldn’tarriveatthe

timebecauseofsomethingunexpected.(appoint)urgent

urged

urgency

guilty

guilt

appointed

appointment

appointed

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.She

⁠thatshewouldgotoworkabroadonherownbutmanyofherfriends

wereveryworriedaboutheronhearingher

.(declare)5.Hewas

⁠withoutanyreasonlastweekandhewantedtofindthetruth

behindhis

.(dismiss)declared

declaration

dismissed

dismissal

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子testout

turnout

superiorto

conflictwithtakeover

haveanurgeto

fallaway1.Theyoungmanlookssadandwe

giveadviceimmediatelytomake

himfeelbetter.2.Afterhelostallhiswealth，manyofhisoldfriends

⁠fromhim.3.Theiropinionontheaccident

ours，somoreevidenceisneeded.haveanurgeto

fellaway

conflictswith

4.Neverworryandkeepcalm—everythingwill

⁠allrightintheend.5.Hisworkisto

⁠newdesignsofcarsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.6.I’vepersonallyneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexis

⁠theother.7.ShedecidedthatIwastheidealpersonto

⁠thejob.turnout

testout

superiorto

takeover

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.句式仿写1.我建议你应该去办公室向你的老师请教学习英语的方法。[suggestthat...(should＋)dosth.]I

⁠toconsultyourteacheraboutthemethods

oflearningEnglish.2.她不仅是我们的老师，也是我们的朋友。(morethan...)

；sheisalsoourfriend.suggestthatyou(should)gototheoffice

Sheismorethanourteacher

3.她没有来，他发现很难掩饰自己的沮丧。(find＋it＋宾补＋不定式)He

whenshedidn’tcome.4.我天性谨慎，所以我倾向于做一个追随者而不是一个领导者。(more...than...)

I’mcautiousbynature，soItendtobe

⁠.founditdifficulttohidehisdisappointment

moreafollowerthanaleader

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

1.Moreandmorepeoplelikescience

fiction.Satisfaction

Guaranteedisashortsci-finovelaboutarobotcalledTony，whichwasgoingtobetested

outbyClaire.ClairethoughtTonylookedmore

likeahumanthanamachine，andTonytreatedClairewithdignityandintegrity.HehelpedClairewithherappointmentandthepreparationforaparty.Wheneverythinggotready，ClairedismissedTony.However，hedeclaredthathehadfalleninlovewithherandthendisappearedfromsight.Clairefeltmorethanguilty.However，everythingwasover.2.Presumingthatyouhaveachancetogetatimemachine，youmayhaveanurgetotake

overtheworld.Buthaveyouevertakenallthepros

and

consintoconsideration？

Youcantraveltoaspecialperiodatmaximumspeedtoenjoystunning

experiences.However，itturns

outthatthereisadivisionbetweenthepastandthepresent.Youcan’tcalculatewhatwillhappennextanddecidewhetheradreamissuperiortoreality.Butaslongasthetimemachinedoesn’texplode，youwillhaverandompotential.

1guilty

adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的1.[北师选必①-2]Somanypeoplecouldnevergotoschool.Theydidn’thavethechance

tolearnandgetoninlife.ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty

(be)arich

manwithoutdoinganything.2.向父母说谎之后，我有一种强烈的负罪感。Afterlyingtomyparents，I

⁠.being

hadastrongsenseofguilt

3.不小心让别人知晓了你的秘密，我感到很内疚。

⁠Ifeltguiltyaboutlettingotherpeopleknowyoursecretbyaccident.

★feelguilty(about)doingsth.因做某事而感到内疚beguiltyof有罪责的；有过失的★guiltn.内疚；悔恨；有罪asenseofguilt罪恶感2dismiss

vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不予考虑1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[外研选必④-5]Although

his

theory

has

been

dismissed

by

scholars，

it

shows

how

powerful

the

secrets

of

AncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.

⁠②[人教选必④-1]Thenightofthepartyarrived.Theclockstruckeight.The

guestswouldbearrivingsoon，

soClairedismissed

Tonyfortherestofthenight.

⁠不予考虑让(某人)离开教师尊享•点拨句中的strike是高考常考词汇，特别注意一词多义。strikev.(struck；struck)打；

撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)；使忽然想起

n.罢工。③Marywasattheriskofbeingdismissedsinceshealwayschattedwithothersduringthe

workingtime.

⁠④Dismissingherfears，sheclimbedhigher.

⁠解雇消除2.Hefailedtopassthedrugtest，andthebosshadtodismisshim

⁠hisjob.3.逃跑的念头在心头一闪，但我立刻打消了，认为这样做不现实。 (读后续写之心

理描写)Thethoughtofescapecrossedmymind，butimmediately

⁠

⁠.★dismiss...from...去除，消除；把……免职dismiss...as...对……不予考虑★dismissaln.免职，解雇；不予考虑from

Idismisseditasunrealistic

3declare

vt.表明；宣称；公布1.Whentheyaskedhimabouthisopinion，hedeclaredstrongly

⁠thepolicy

becauseitoffendedhisinterest.2.[译林选必③-3]JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor，

sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwar

⁠theUnitedStates.against

on

3.当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。(读后续写之心理描写)

⁠

⁠

WhentheteacherdeclaredmetobethewinneroftheEnglishSpeechContest，Iwas

surprisedandpleased.

★declarefor/against声明支持/反对……declarewaron...向……宣战declare...tobe/as...宣布……为……★declarationn.断言，宣称；宣告，声明4urge

n.强烈的欲望；冲动

vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐1.[译林选必②-4]Aswebecomemoreandmoredependentoncomputers，somescientistsareurgingus

(think)aboutthedangersposedbytheadvancesinAI.2.[人教选必④-1]Ihadastrongurge

(look)attherandomthingsthatwerebeingflashedbeforemyeyes！tothink

tolook

3.Scientistsandpoliticianshavedeeplyrecognizedthe

(urge)needtoaddress

climatechangeandtakeeffectiveactiontoprotecttheplanetforgenerationstocome.urgent

教师尊享•点拨

urge后跟从句时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，即＂(should＋)do＂形式。类似用法的动词还有：insist(坚决要求)，order，command，advise，suggest(建议)，recommend，request，require，demand等。4.父母应该敦促孩子们积极锻炼。→①Parentsaresupposedto

.(宾语从句)→②Parentsaresupposedto

.(不定式)urgethattheirchildren(should)workoutactively

urgetheirchildrentotakeexerciseactively

★urgesb.todosth.＝urgethatsb.(should)dosth.敦促某人做某事have/feelanurgetodosth.渴望做某事★urgentadj.紧急的，迫切的urgencyn.紧急，迫切5take

over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[人教选必④-1]Insci-fistories，robotsoftenbecomesuperiorandtakeover.

⁠

⁠②[人教必修②-4]AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.

⁠占上

风，取而代之接管，接手2.科技是用来帮助我们的，因此我们不应该让它控制我们的生活。(发言稿)Technologyistheretohelpus，soweshouldn’tallowit

⁠.totakeoverourlife

6turn

out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[人教必修②-5]Asitturnedout，therewasnoneedtobenervousbecauseallmyhard

workpaidoffandIplayedperfectly.

⁠②[外研必修③-2]InUganda，Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.Butthatwasnotall.Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.

⁠③Remembertoturnoutthelightswhenyougotobed.

⁠证明是，结果是在场关掉，熄灭教师尊享•点拨

①asit/thingsturnedout是固定表达，意为＂正如后来表明的；果然如此；果不

其然＂。②welln.水井③remembertodosth.记得做某事；rememberdoingsth.记得做

过某事2.我们学校的足球比赛结果比我想象的更精彩。(活动介绍)→①

(不

定式)→②

⁠

(it作形式主语)Ourschool’sfootballmatchturnedouttobemoreexcitingthanIimagined.

Itturnedoutthatourschool’sfootballmatchwasmoreexcitingthanIimagined.

7more

than

非常；不只是；超过1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[人教必修②-4]Andifyouintroduceyourselftoafriendlyface，youaremorethan

likelytoexperiencelocalcultureandcustomsfirst-hand.

⁠②Eachyear，

morethan1，000additionsaremadetoEnglishdictionaries.Recentadditionsinclude＂selfie＂and＂netizen＂.

⁠③[外研选必③-2]Hishardworkmadehimmorethanafashionphotographer—hewas

a＂culturalanthropologist＂，whowecanthankforrecordingthelifeofawholecityanditspeopleoverhalfacentury.

⁠非常超过不只是2.Withoutadvertising，itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofa

product.→Withoutadvertising，itwillbe

⁠difficultforcustomerstojudgethe

worthofaproduct.(词汇升级)教师尊享•点拨除more

than外，表示＂非常＂的词语还有：highly，extremely，awfully，quite等。morethan

3.男孩听到爆炸声后，非常害怕，迅速跑开了。Hearingtheexplosion，theboy

⁠.wasmorethanfrightenedandranawayquickly

★morethan＋形容词

非常……morethan＋数词/从句

超过……morethan＋名词

不只是，不仅是★nomorethan只不过，仅仅notmorethan不超过，至多

★more...than...与其说……不如说……

形容词后缀-y-y＂充满……的，有……特性的＂本单元guilt内疚，有罪→guilty内疚的，有罪的haze雾霭→hazy朦胧的，模糊的拓展dust灰尘→dusty布满灰尘的mud泥→muddy泥泞的rain雨→rainy多雨的smoke烟→smoky烟雾弥漫的-y＂充满……的，有……特性的＂拓展juice汁→juicy多汁的anger愤怒→angry愤怒的，生气的spice香料→spicy(食物)加有香料的cream奶油→creamy似奶油的salt盐→salty含盐的，咸的

1.Asweallknow，anastronautneedstobe

(health)andcalminordertoworkinspace.2.Theweatherwassurprisinglywarmand

(sun).3.Iamusedtodozingforawhileafterlunch，otherwiseIoftenfeel

(sleep)

andlackpassionalltheafternoon.4.Iwasso

(hunger)thatIcouldn’thelptakingabitofthebreadDadhadpreparedforme.5.Twocarsskiddedonthe

(ice)pavementandcrashedontothetreesalongtheside.healthy

sunny

sleepy

hungry

icy

Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配1.[2023全国乙]Asitturned

，DouglasdidexactlywhatsheneededtodotobecomeOlympicchampionwhenshedefeatedtwoRussians.out

ⅠⅡⅢ2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyour

(week)shoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.教师尊享•点拨此处用形容词weekly表示＂每周的＂。此外，由＂名词＋-ly＂构成的表示

＂每……的＂的形容词还有：hourly每小时(一次)的，daily每日的，monthly每月(一次)的，yearly每年(一次)的。weekly

3.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Participantswere

(random)dividedintotwogroups.4.[2021新高考Ⅱ]AnewexhibitioninHalifaxuseseverydayactivitiestoexplainthehiddenmathprincipleswealluseonaregular

(base).教师尊享•点拨

onaregularbasis表示＂定期地＂，其中regular还可以换成permanent，temporary，daily等形容词，分别表示＂永久地，临时性地，每天地＂。randomly

basis

ⅠⅡⅢ5.[2020新高考Ⅱ]Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’s

office，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyour

(appoint).6.[全国Ⅱ]Dismissingsmalltalk

unimportantiseasy，butwecan’tforgetthat

deeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.教师尊享•点拨句意：把闲聊当作一件不重要的事是很容易的，但我们不能忘记，如果没有闲

聊，(人与人之间的)密切关系甚至不会存在。

appointment

as

7.[全国Ⅰ]Ineverfeltanurge

(learn)anysignlanguagebefore.8.[安徽高考]Incolonies(群体)thatrangeinsizefromafewhundredtotensofmillions，

theyorganizetheirliveswithaclear

(divide)oflabor.tolearn

division

ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.阅读理解——

一词多义、熟词生义1.[2022浙江1月]Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanew

bonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.

⁠教师尊享•点拨

2021新高考Ⅰ阅读理解A篇中，bonus也表示＂意外收获＂：It’saffordable，and

it’sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus，it’sclosetothe

maintrainstation.(addedbonus表示＂额外的好处＂)n.意外收获ⅠⅡⅢ2.[北京高考]Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.

⁠教师尊享•点拨

bedismissedoutofhand可用作固定表达，意为＂直接被摒弃＂，如：Thesuggestionshouldn’tbedismissedoutofhand(＝withoutthinkingaboutit).这个建议不应当直接被摒弃。v.不予考虑；摒弃ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一

基础写作——新型城市你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为＂未来的新型城市＂的英语讨论活动。请根据下

列要点，

发挥你的想象力，用英语写一篇发言稿。内容包括：

1.新型城市产生的原因；

2.新型城市的运作模式。ⅠⅡⅢ◎写作要点1.由于温室效应导致海平面上升以及人口爆炸性增长，我们的城市迫切需要做出改变。(explode，urge)

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⁠2.在海上建设漂浮城市的想法在我心里占据了上风。(takeover)

Asaresultoftherisingsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandexploding

population，ourcitiesareurgedtomakesomechanges.

Theideaofconstructingfloatingcitiesontheseatakesoverinmymind.

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⁠ⅠⅡⅢ3.漂浮城市看上去就像悬在人造岛上一样，该岛几乎被植物完全覆盖。(suspend)4.由于有太阳能、风能和波浪能，漂浮城市可能会比我们现在住的地方还要好。

(superior)

Thefloatingcityseemstosuspendonaman-madeisland，whichisalmostentirely

coveredbyplants.

Withsolar，windandwavepower，thefloatingcitymaybesuperiortowherewe

livenow.

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⁠5.我相信，随着科技的发展，这种城市将会是最适合我们的。(turnout)

Ibelievethiskindofcitywillturnouttobethemostsuitableforuswiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

ⅠⅡⅢ◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。

Goodmorning，everyone.I’mgladtosharemyviewon＂thenewcityinthefuture＂.

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⁠ⅠⅡⅢAsaresultoftherisingsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandexploding

population，ourcitiesareurgedtomakesomechanges.Inthecircumstances，theidea

ofconstructingfloatingcitiesontheseatakesoverinmymind.Thefloatingcityseemsto

suspendonaman-madeisland，whichisalmostentirelycoveredbyplants.Besides，

withsolar，windandwavepower，thecitymaybesuperiortowherewelivenow.I

believethiskindofcitywillturnouttobethemostsuitableforuswiththedevelopmentof

scienceandtechnology.

Thankyou！

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