第二部分 专题一 冠词、代词、介词、并列连词

基础词法篇专题一冠词、代词、介词、并列连词第二部分学透语法目

录Contents01高考帮研透命题02语法帮考点通关03练习帮课时提能

编者按：考向的考查次数为该考点近5年全国卷及近4年新高考全国卷(共20套

卷)累计考查次数。卷别冠词代词介词并列连词2023新Ⅰ63.a(atouchof＂

少许，微量＂)62.their60.by(byhand)58.or(whether...or...)新Ⅱ59.the58.to/with(speak

to/with)64.and卷别冠词代词介词并列连词2023甲68.for(take

responsibilityfor)乙61.to(from...to...)65.but/yet2022新Ⅰ57.the(倍数表达)64.as(serveas)61.and新Ⅱ57.The61.and甲64.A69.from(...to...)乙62.the70.its61.by67.and浙江59.the(theblind)62.at(atageseven)65.and卷别冠词代词介词并列连词2021新Ⅰ65.a(amusttodo)64.mine(介

词后宾语)62.and新Ⅱ65.from(...to...)60.and甲68.the(alltheway)62.in(＋朝代)67.but乙65.the63.its64.until66.of(varioustypes

of)卷别冠词代词介词并列连词2021浙江64.The(the＋姓氏

复数)61.herself(of

宾语)57.for(buysth.for

＋

金额)62.neither2020新Ⅰ62.themselv

es(动词宾语

imaginesb.

doing)65.for(competefor)57.or新Ⅱ61.a65.our62.andⅠ70.its65.than卷别冠词代词介词并列连词2020Ⅱ70.the(first)64.than(morethan)67.with(be

associatedwith)Ⅲ70.on(onearth)浙江64.the(withtherise

of)56.in58.than卷别冠词代词介词并列连词2019Ⅰ69.the63.of/for(methods

of/for)Ⅱ69.a67.but(not...but...)Ⅲ63.of(apackof)浙江57.the(thesame)61.to(theanswer

tothisquestion)考向1冠词

[全国卷5年13考]1.

[2023新高考Ⅰ，63]Themeatshouldbefreshwith

touchofsweetness，andthe

surroundingsouphot，clearanddelicious.2.

[2022新高考Ⅰ，57]Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes

⁠sizeofYellowstone

NationalPark，theGPNP[GiantPandaNationalPark]willbeoneofthefirstnational

parksinthecountry.3.

[2022新高考Ⅱ，57]

⁠Brownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutside

Toronto.a

the

The

4.

[2022全国甲，64]

friendofhis，WuFan，volunteeredtobehiscompanion

duringthetrip.5.

[2021全国甲，68]Ittookusabout3hourstogoall

⁠wayaroundtheXi’anCity

Wall.A

the

若空后的＂(形容词＋)名词＂前没有形容词性物主代词、指示代词等限定词，

考虑填冠词。若该名词是可数名词，且在语境中第一次出现，空处可翻译为＂一个

(名、本等)＂，一般填a/an；若该名词在前文出现过，空处可翻译为＂这/那个，这/

那些＂，一般填the。另外，还要注意固定搭配中的冠词及冠词的特殊用法(抽象名词具体化等)。

1.

[2023新高考Ⅱ，59]Notthepandas，eventhough

⁠languageusedforthe

medicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.2.

[2023浙江1月，65]Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedby

theForbiddenCity，theSummerPalace，andtheTempleofHeaven，thehutongs

reflect

⁠cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.3.

[2022全国乙，62]Tocelebrate

festival，anumberofeventstookplaceatthe

ChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.the

the

the

4.

[2022浙江1月，63]Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswho

invitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely；aboutthree-quartersof

time，

theyagreed.5.

[2020新高考Ⅱ，61]Eachvolumeinthesetexplores

widerangeofmaterials，

explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems...6.

[2020浙江，64]Then，with

riseofscience，changesbegan.the

a

the

考向2代词

[全国卷5年7考]6.

[2023新高考Ⅰ，62]Nanxiangaside，thebestxiao

long

baohaveafineskin，

allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillingany

of

⁠(they)contents.7.

[2021新高考Ⅰ，64]Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad＂willnever

disappear＂，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin

⁠(I).8.

[2021全国乙，63]Ecotourismhas

⁠(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovement

ofthe1970s.9.

[2020新高考Ⅰ，62]Aswellaslookingatexhibits，visitorscanplaywithcomputer

simulations(模拟)andimagine

⁠(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistory

orwalkingthrougharainforest.their

mine

its

themselves

有提示词时，空处若作宾语，则用人称代词的宾格(him/her/them等)；空处若作

定语，则用形容词性物主代词(its/our/their等)；空处若作主语、宾语、表语，且表示

所有物，则用名词性物主代词(its/mine等)；空处若作宾语、表语且又和句子的主语

指同一人或物，则用反身代词(herself/themselves等)。无提示词时，空处若作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；还要注意一些固定句式

(强调句型等)。

1.

[2022北京，17]Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor

(they)，

theygettakeoutororderdelivery.2.

[2020新高考Ⅱ，65]Readersareencouragedtocontinueexploringthedigitalworld

withtheguidanceof

⁠(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.3.

[全国Ⅲ，68]WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother，Iwasjustgladto

find

⁠(they)alive.4.

[浙江高考，58]ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirown

countriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap

⁠canbetoeatout.themselves

our

them

it

考向3非谓语动词作状语

[全国卷5年18考]10.

[2023全国甲，68]Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety，andshe

teachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility

⁠savingtheirenvironment.11.

[2022全国乙，61]May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay，which

wasnamedofficially

theUnitedNationsonNovember27th，2019.for

by

12.

[2021全国甲，62]It(theXi’anCityWall)wasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthe

city

theTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).in/during

高考主要考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配中的介词。解题时：1.注意分析句子结构，如果空处在名词、代词或动名词前，考虑

填介词；2.注意固定搭配中的介词；3.注意有特殊用法的介词，如with/without

的复合结构。

1.

[2023新高考Ⅰ，60]There，you’llfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumpling

andlesssoup—andthewrappersarepressed

⁠handratherthanrolled.2.

[2023新高考Ⅱ，58]SinceJune2017...Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezoo

tofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.Andwhodotheyspeak

English

⁠？by

to/with

3.

[2023全国乙，61]FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutong

⁠royal

palaces，itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoits

layout，withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuiltsystemofringroads.to

4.

[2023北京，17]Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguiding

purpose：tocallattention

⁠globalwaterissues.5.

[2023浙江1月，63]ThankstoBeijing’slonghistory

thecapitalofChina，

almosteveryhutonghasitsstories，andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.6.

[2022全国甲，69]Heflew4，700kilometers

Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20，

planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.to

as

from

7.

[2022浙江，62]LucGandarias，who’snowthirteen，wentblindsuddenly

⁠age

seven.at

8.

[2022北京，11]Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate

theevening，herarms

filledwithgrocerybags.9.

[2021全国乙，66]...varioustypes

⁠tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.10.

[2020新高考Ⅰ，65]Museumsmustcompete

⁠people’ssparetimeandmoney

withotheramusements.11.

[2020全国Ⅰ，65]Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecause

ithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moreso

⁠thefamiliarnearside.in

of

for

than

12.

[2020全国Ⅱ，64]Orangetreesaremore

decoration；theyareasymbolof

goodfortuneandwealth.than

13.

[2020北京，6]Overtime，thebagsfallapart

countlesstinypieces，and

fishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.14.

[全国Ⅰ，63]Modernmethods

⁠trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeen

employedonlysincethemid-1980s，andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyovera

largearea.15.

[全国Ⅲ，63]Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack

dogs，sevento

beexact.to/into

of/for

of

16.

[浙江高考，61]Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards？Theanswer

⁠

thisquestionisnotclear.注意

其后常跟介词to的名词还有key，solution，approach等。to

考向4数词

[全国卷5年12考]13.

[2023全国乙，65]Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’t

work，

⁠somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.14.

[2022新高考Ⅱ，61]Hehungonforafewminutes

screamedforhisfather，

buthisfatherdidn’thearhim.15.

[2022全国乙，67]The＂FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperative

Initiative＂issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustryto

cometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation

⁠culturalexchanges.16.

[2021浙江，62]AlthoughMarylovedflowers，

⁠shenorherhusbandwas

knownasagardener.but/yet

and

and

neither

高考主要考查并列连词的基本用法和固定结构中的并列连词。解题时，要根据句子意思及结构，厘清句子的逻辑关系。表示并列、递进、顺

承常用and；表示转折常用but(但不能与although/though连用)或yet；表示选择常用

or；表示结果常用so。还要注意一些固定句式及结构。如＂祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句＂，

either…or…，neither…nor…，not…but…，both…and…等。

1.

[2023新高考Ⅰ，58]Toeatone，youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinit

first，releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出)，

⁠toputthewholedumpling

inyourmouth，lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌头).2.

[2023新高考Ⅱ，64]It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammesdevelop

⁠toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.3.

[2023浙江1月，56]DuringChina’sdynasticperiod，emperorsplannedthecityof

Beijing

⁠arrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.or

and

and

4.

[2022新高考Ⅰ，61]TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof

“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems，preserving

biologicaldiversity，protectingecologicalbufferzones，

⁠leavingbehind

preciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations＂.5.

[2022浙江，65]＂Thefeelingofbeingabletoseeit

⁠toformmyopinionis

likebreakingdownanotherwallasablindperson.＂6.

[2021新高考Ⅱ，60]Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany

⁠emailed

itspresident.7.

[2020新高考Ⅰ，57]Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig

⁠until

theydied，andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.8.

[全国Ⅱ，67]IworknotbecauseIhaveto，

⁠becauseIwantto.and

and

and

or

but

考点一冠词一、不定冠词a/an不定冠词有a，an两种形式，用来表示不特定的人或事物，一般修饰可数名词

单数。当紧跟冠词的词以辅音音素开头时，用a；当紧跟冠词的词以元音音素开头

时，用an。基本用法表示＂一＂，但不强调数量概念，或数量概念没有one强烈。Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马非一日

建成。基

本用

法用于指首次提到的对方不

知道的人或物。Occupiedincarryingoutanexperiment，hecan’tspare

timetolookafterhisson.因为忙着做一个试验，他抽

不出时间来照看他的儿子。a/an＋可数名词单数，泛

指一类人或事物，或指同

类人或事物中的＂一

个＂。InAmerica，ifafriendhasinvitedyoutodropinatany

time，itisbesttocallbeforevisiting.在美国，如果一

个朋友邀请你随时拜访他，你最好去之前打个电

话。基

本用

法a/an＋序数词，表示＂又

一，再一＂；amost＋形

容词，表示＂非常，

很……＂。Inordertofindabetterjob，hedecidedtostudya

secondforeignlanguage.为了找到一份更好的工作，

他决定再学一门外语。Itmustbeamostunusualexhibition.这一定是一次非常

不寻常的展览。不定冠词a/an表示＂某一

个＂，相当于some/a

certain。AMr.Greencalledjustnow.刚刚有一位格林先生打电

话。基

本用

法用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常

考的有：success，failure，

danger，surprise，pleasure，

beauty，comfort，honour等。Idon’tthinktheexperimentisafailure.At

leastwehavegainedexperienceforfuture

success.我认为这次试验不是失败的。至

少，我们为以后的成功获得了经验。固定搭配asaresult/consequence结果

asawhole总体上

asamatteroffact事实上ataloss不知所措

inahurry匆忙

inaword总之inasense在某种意义上

inaway在某种程度上

inashortwhile不久atanearlyage在幼年时keepaneyeon照看，留意

payavisitto拜访putanendto使……结束

onceinawhile偶尔

haveagiftfor有……天赋allofasudden突然

have/takearest休息

dosb.afavour帮某人一个忙givesb.alift让某人搭便车

be/goonadiet节食Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜/遗憾……Itisanhonourtodo...深感荣幸做……

TheWilsonslivein

European-stylehousenearthecoast.Itis

⁠

eighteenth-centurycottage.

Iearnmylivingas

⁠supermarketcashieronweekdays.

Peopledevelop

preferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningat

⁠early

age.

Mrs.Taylorhasan8-year-olddaughterwhohas

giftforpainting—shehas

wontwonationalprizes.a

an

a

a

an

a

Totellthetruth，Johnisat

⁠losswhattodocurrently.

I’mstillhungry.Couldyoupleasegiveme

secondpieceofcake？

Youhavebeenworkingfortenhours.Take

⁠restandeatsomething.

[2021新高考Ⅰ，65]Whileyou’reinChina，MountHuangshanis

⁠mustto

visit！a

a

a

a

教师尊享·点拨此处must表示＂必须做或看的事物＂，为可数名词，常用单数，此处表示

泛指。二、定冠词the基本用法表示双方都知道的或上文提

到过的人或物。Sixofthethirty-eightpeoplewereU.

S.citizens.那

38人中有6个人是美国公民。用于表特指的由短语或从句

修饰的名词前。IreallyenjoyedthebookI’vejustfinishedreading.

我真的很喜欢我刚刚读完的这本书。表示一类人或事物(用于形容

词或分词前)。Heknowsheiswaitingfortheimpossible.他知道自

己在期盼不可能的事。基本用法用于指世界上独一无二的事物。Parisisabeautifulcity，whereyoucanseethefamous

EiffelTower.巴黎是一个美丽的城市，在这里你能看

到著名的埃菲尔铁塔。用于演奏乐器名称前。AsfarasIknow，helikesplayingthepianobutdoesn’t

likeplayingfootball.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜

欢踢足球。基本用法the＋表示姓氏的复数名

词，表示一家人或夫妇二人。TheJacksonsarecomingtovisitusonSaturday.杰克逊

一家周六要来看我们。用于序数词、最高级以及only，

very，same等词之前。ItwasthefirsttimethatHelenhadunderstood

suchacomplexword.这是海伦第一次理解了

如此复杂的单词。基本用法用于表示世纪、年代、朝代的名

词以及逢十的复数数词前(指世纪

中的几十年代或人的大约岁数)。TheTangDynastyisconsideredagoldenageof

Chineseartsandculture.唐朝被认为是中国艺

术和文化的黄金时期。用于表计量的名词前，如bythehour，bytheday，bythedozen，bythemeter等。但如果是在抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：byweight，bytime，bylength，bysize等。Igotpaidbytime.Tobeexact，Igotpaidbythehour.我按时间拿报酬。确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。

固定搭配inthesouth在南方

ontheright在右边makethemost/bestof充分利用intheend最后

bytheway顺便说一下inthedistance在远处onthewhole总的说来

atthesametime同时ontheotherhand另一方面totell(you)thetruth说实话forthetimebeing暂时onthespot在现场notintheleast一点也不

theotherday前几天

taketheplaceof代替tothepoint中肯，切题

inthechargeof由……负责in/overthepast＋时间段

在过去的……时间里take/catch/hitsb.by/in/onthe＋(身体部位)名词

抓住/打某人的……

With

assistanceofdoctorsandnurses，thepatientrecoveredquickly.

[2022浙江，59]Thetactile(可触知的)paintingsworkasawaytoshowart

to

blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustoureyes：Weseewithourbrains.

[2021浙江，64]

⁠Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856to

meettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.

Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmaby

⁠armandwalkedheracrossthestreet.the

the

The

the

Withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching，wehavetomake

⁠most

ofthetimeleft.

Over

pasttwentyyears，Chinahasdevelopedswiftly.

[2020全国Ⅱ，70]Theplumtreesare

⁠firsttoflowerevenasthesnowis

melting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

[浙江高考，57]Everybodywears

⁠samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbe

usefulinunexpectedways.the

the

the

the

三、零冠词基本用法不可数名词和可数名词复

数表示泛指时。Waterisnecessarytolife.水是生命所必需的。Booksaremybestfriend.书是我最好的朋友。名词前已有this，my，

some，each，no，any等

限定时。Wearedoingthisallwithoutanysupportfromthe

hospital.我们在没有得到医院任何支持的情况下做

着这一切。基本用法学科、语言、球类、棋

类、日期、一日三餐、月

份、星期、季节、节假日

和以人名或地名命名的大

学等名词前。TheycanchooseothersubjectslikeArt，

Computer

ScienceorlanguagessuchasSpanishandGerman.他

们可以选择其他的科目，如艺术、计算机科学或西

班牙语、德语之类的语言课。与by连用，位于表示交通/

通信工具的名词前。Iwillcontactyoubyletter.我会写信跟你联系。基本用法表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词(如captain，manager，

monitor，president等)在句中作表语、同位语或补语时。Mr.Smith，

presidentofthenewcompany，

willbeinchargeofresearchandmarketing

operations.新公司的总裁史密斯先生，将负

责调研和市场运作。固定搭配atpresent目前

takepartin参加bychance/accident偶然bymistake错误地，无意中

onpurpose故意

aheadoftime提前bylaw根据法律

makeuseof利用

loseheart灰心outofwork失业

indanger处于危险中atdaybreak/dawn/noon/dusk/night/midnight在拂晓/黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚/午夜

1.

China’swarepicThe

Battle

at

Lake

Changjinrocketedto

⁠topofChina’sbox

officeduringtheopeningdaysofthecountry’slongNationalDayholiday.2.

PoyangLake，whichisChina’slargestfreshwaterlake，is

⁠wintershelterfor

plentyofmigratorybirdseveryyear.3.

Later，whenpeoplehad

abilitytousetheirimaginationtoexpressideas，

woodcarvingbecameakindofart.4.

AreligiousandculturalcrossroadsontheSilkRoad，Dunhuanghas

⁠numberof

cavesthathouseavastcollectionofmuralsdescribingreligiousstoriesandlifescenes.the

a

the

a

5.

Lastmonth，researchersfromBostonUniversitypublished

article，which

analyzedphotoeditingapps’badimpactsonpeople’sself-esteemandthepotentialforcausingappearanceanxiety.6.

Wearelivingin

InformationAge，

⁠timeofnewdiscoveriesandgreat

changes.an

the

a

考点二代词一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词代词作用第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代

词主格作主语Iweyouyouhe

she

itthey人称代

词宾格作宾语或表语meusyouyouhim

her

itthem代词作用第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词

性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前作定语myouryouryourhis

her

itstheir代词作用第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数名词性物主代

词相当于＂形容词性物主代词＋名＂，常作主语、表语和宾语，也可用＂of＋名词性物主代词＂结构作后置定语mineoursyoursyourshis

hersitstheirs代

词作用第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数反

身

代

词作宾语，常用在

enjoy，teach，

hurt，behave等动词后和by，for，to等介词后myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves代

词作用第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数反

身

代

词作同位语，用于加强语气，强调＂亲自，本人，亲身＂myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves代

词作用第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数反

身

代

词作表语，常用于be，

feel，look等系动词后，表示身体状况等myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves

Itwas

thathelpedmewhenItraveledinMadrid，andI’vekeptintouch

with

eversince.(he)

[2022全国乙，70]TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)

attheceremony，opening

(it)firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth—A

SpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.

Atfirstshetookmyhandin

⁠(her)andlistenedpatientlyasImentionedmy

worries.

Thenthedriverstoodupandasked，＂Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelast

stop？

＂Awomanonthebusshouted，

＂Oh，dear！It’s

(I).＂he

him

its

hers

mine/me

NowI’mmuchmoreexperiencedasadriver.AlthoughIstilldon’tconsider

(I)aperfectone，I’mmuchmoreconfidentbehindthewheelthanI

waswhenIstarted.

He’swritingthise-mailtoaskforsickleavebecausehe’snotfeeling

⁠(he)

today.

EveryyearwhenGraininEar(芒种)comes，peoplemakedifferenttypesofbread

withwheatflourandcolor

⁠(they)withvegetablejuice.myself

himself

them

教师尊享·点拨空处用名词性物主代词mine，表示那个箱子是＂我的＂；也可用I的宾格形式

me，表示是＂我＂在上一站丢失了手提箱。二、不定代词1.

both，either，neither，all，any，none代词含义作主语时谓语动词的数两

者both＂都＂，肯定复数either＂任何一个＂，肯定单数neith

er＂都不＂，否定常用单数代词含义作主语时谓语动词的数三

者

或

更

多all＂都＂，肯定与all指代的人或事物保持一致any＂任何一个＂单复数均可(常与of短语连用)none＂都不＂，否定注意

＂any/noneof＋不可数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Ifyoucan’tdecidewhichofthetwobookstoborrow，whydon’tyoutakeboth？I

won’treadthemthisweek.如果你不能决定借这两本书中的哪一本，为什么不两本都

借呢？我这周不看这两本书。

—Doyouwantteaorcoffee？你想喝茶还是咖啡？—EitherisOK.Ireallydon’tmind.任何一种都可以。我真的不介意。2.

each①each可直接作主语，也可接＂of＋代词的复数形式＂或＂of＋the/these/形容词性物

主代词＋名词复数＂作主语，此时，谓语动词用单数。

Each(ofthestudents)hasadictionary.每位学生都有一本词典。②each可作同位语，放在主语(复数)后，谓语动词用复数。

Theyeachhaveadictionary.他们每人有一本词典。

Sheknowsnearlyeverystudentintheschool.她几乎认识学校里的每个学生。3.

theother，another，theothers，others代词用法例句theother特指两者中的另一个，常用在＂one...the

other...＂结构中Ihavetwodaughters.Oneisadoctor，andtheother

isateacher.我有两个女儿，一个是医生，另一个

是教师。another指三者或三者以上中

的＂另一，再一＂Igotanotherofthosecallsyesterday.昨天我又接了

一个那样的电话。代词用法例句theothers相当于＂theother＋可数名词复

数＂，特指其余全部的人或物，

常用在＂some...theothers...＂结构中Twoboyswillgotothezoo，andthe

otherswillgotothemuseum.两个男孩将

去动物园，其余的去博物馆。others相当于＂other＋可数名词复

数＂，泛指别的人或物，常用

在＂some...others...＂

结构中Somestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom；

othersareplayinginthe

playground.一些学生在打扫教室，另一

些在操场上玩。4.

many，much，(a)few，(a)little含义替代可数名词复数替代不可数名词＂多＂manymuch

＂少＂，否定意义fewlittle＂一些/点＂，肯定意义afewalittle三、用作替代词的one，theone，that，it代词用法所替代的名词的单复数one替代上文出现的＂同类＂人或事

物中的一个，表泛指必须是可数名词单数表示复数时用onesthe

one替代上文出现的＂同类＂人或事

物，表特指必须是可数名词单数表示复数时用theones代词用法所替代的名词的单复数that替代上文出现的＂同类＂事物，

表特指，其后常跟介词短语作后

置定语可数名词单数/不可数名词表示复数时用thoseit替代上文出现的＂同一＂事物，

还可以指代时间、地点、距离、

天气、季节等可数名词单数/不可数名词

[天津高考，3]Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter-schoolactivities

arehappierthan

⁠whoarenot.

TheChinesehaveknownaboutthebenefitsofgreenteasinceancienttimes，and

theyuse

⁠totreatvariousdiseasessuchasheadachesanddepression.those

it

四、it的常考用法1.

it作形式主语的常用句型

①It＋be＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.②It＋be＋n.＋(forsb./sth.)todosth.③Ittakes/tooksb.＋一段时间＋todosth.做某事花费某人多长时间。④Itisworthwhiletodo/doingsth.值得做某事。⑤Itisuseless/nouse/nogooddoingsth.做某事没用。⑥Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜/遗憾……⑦Itisnowonderthat...难怪……⑧Itisobvious/clear/evidentthat...显然……⑨Itissaid/reported/believedthat...据说/据报道/人们相信……⑩Itoccursto/hits/strikessb.that...某人突然想起……⑪Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……

Itisverykindofyoutoprovidemewithgeneroushelpandsupport.你真是太好了，给

予我慷慨的帮助和支持。

It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。/后悔无益。

ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth.显然，人

类活动对地球上所有其他物种已经产生了负面影响。2.

it作形式宾语的常用句型①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/find/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb.)

todo/that...②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/find/make/keep...＋it＋

useless/worth/worthwhile/nouse/nogood/awasteoftime...＋doingsth.

Shemadeitclearthatsheobjected.她明确表示反对。

Ifinditquitenecessarytotellherbeforehand.我觉得很有必要事先告诉她。

Iconsideritworthwhilewatching/towatchthismovie.我认为这部电影值得一看。3.

it的相关短语和常用句型makeit成功，做到

believeitornot信不信由你assb.putsit

正如某人所说takeitforgrantedthat...

认为……是理所当然的Takeiteasy.别紧张。Don’tmentionit.不客气。Whenitcomesto...

当涉及/谈及……(to为介词)Itis/was...that/who...(强调句型)

1.

Ratherthanaddingextraclasstime，schoolsmayfind

⁠moreproductiveto

considercarefullytherangeandqualityofactivitiesprovided.2.

AccordingtoWang，theplatformnotonlyhelpswithproductionbutalsopromotes

sales，as

⁠(it)trackingsystemcancollectfirst-handmarketingfeedbackdata.3.

Thefamousrocksinger-songwriterisalegendaryfigureinChineserockmusic，the

mediacalling

(he)＂thegodfatherofChineserockandroll＂.4.

Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommit

(they)tomonitoringour＂

sick＂planet，weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepsto＂heal＂theworld.it

its

him

themselves

5.

Inaddition，itisalwayswisetocompareyourresultswith

⁠ofothergroup

members.6.

⁠isbadmannersfortheyoungtotakeuptheseatsfortheold.7.

WFP(世界粮食计划署)workscloselywithgovernments，organizationsand

individualswhoseloveforhelpinghungrypeopleequals

⁠(our).those

It

ours

考点三介词一、表示＂时间＂的介词at表示在某一时刻at2o’clock表示在进餐时间atbreakfast/lunch/supper表示在一天中的某个时间点atmidnight

atdawnatsunset

atnightfallon表示在特定的某一天onTuesdayonNewYear’sDay表示在某一天的或某种类型的早晨、中

午或晚上onacoldnightonthemorningofJuly15用于＂on＋动词-ing/动作名词＂结构onarriving/onhisarrivalatthehotelfor表示＂长达……(时间)＂，后接时间

段，常与完成时连用Shehasbeenillfortwodays.from表示＂从……开始＂，后接时间点，多

用于＂from...to/till/until...＂结构Youcancomeanytimefrom

MondaytoFriday.

since表示＂自……以来＂，后接时间点，常

与完成时连用Wehaveknowneachothersince

2008.before表示＂在……之前＂，与after相对Pleasecomebeforeteno’clock.by表示＂不迟于，在……之前＂I’ll