专题-S311 【题型易-高考英语 (语法填空) 强化训练】2025年高考部分考区题型专练 (全国)_第1页
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高考高考语法填空专练专题-S311部分考区语法填空高考备考能力提升强化训练语法填空12篇强化训练A(新高考Ⅰ卷考区)Passage1-8强化训练B(自主命题考区)Passage9-12第一部分:强化训练APassage1(2024·九省联考)Wheneveryouhavetowriteapaper,aletter,oranyotherdocumentforworkorschool,youprobablyheadtowardthecomputer.Now,mostpeoplereachfor1.(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.InaScottishprimaryschool,however,Mr.NormanLewisistakingadifferentapproach.Hefeelsthatneathandwriting2.(be)stillanimportantskill,sohehashisstudentswritenotonlybyhandbutalso3.old­fashionedfountainpens.Fountainpens4.(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.Today,awriter5.(simple)throwsanemptypenawayandgets6.newone.Sofar,Mr.Lewisispleasedwiththeresultsofhisexperiment.Hereportsthathisstudentsaretakingmorecarewiththeirwork,andtheirself­confidencehasimprovedaswell.Heishappywiththe7.(improve)heseesinhisstudents'writing8.inhisownwriting.Heknowsthatcomputersarehere9.(stay)andthattheywillnotdisappear.However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof10.(they).Passage22023·山东淄博三模)Expertsonchilddevelopmentagreethatchildrenlearnanddevelopthrougheverydayexperiences.Becausefoodandcookingaresuchfundamentalcomponentsofourday­to­daylives,1.(introduce)cookingtochildrenatayoungageisessentialtotheirexperientiallearning.Childrenlikeplayingmake­believeandenjoyinventingavarietyofcharacterswhile2.(absorb)inimaginativeplay.Cookinggamesareanexcellentwaytostimulateimaginativeplay.Childrencanactoutreal­lifesituationsandbehavioursthroughpretendplayandimprove3.(they)increativity.Furthermore,pretendplayinthekitchenhelpschildrenlearnthingslikeproblem­solving,creativethinking,visual4.(recognise),andsoon.Variouscookinggamesforchildrenthatareavailableonline5.(be)morethanjustafunpastimeactivity.Theyprovideanumberofeducationalbenefitsaswell.Freeonlinecookinggamesurgechildren6.(try)newthingsandthinkoutsidetheboxbylettingthemexperiment7.ingredients,recipes,andpreparationmethods.8.(addition),manyfreecookinggamesonlinerequirechildrentoperformvariouskitchentasksorreadtherecipesandthenfollowtheinstructivetips.Whenchildrentaketheinitiativeandfinishatask,theyfeelproudof9.theyhaveundertaken.Playingfreecookinggamesonlinecanalsohelpchildrenlearnessentialskills,teachthem10.tobesafeinthekitchen,andincreasetheirgeneralknowledgeabouttheworld.Passage3(2023·河北邯郸高考三模)Scientistshaveproposedseveralobjectivesforafutureinternationallunarresearchstation,1.(include)moon­basedEarthobservationandlunarresourceutilisation(利用),theChinaScienceDaily2.(report)onFriday.ZouYongliao,headofthelunaranddeepspaceexplorationdivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,revealedthegoalsatarecent3.(nation)spaceconference.Chinaplans4.(establish)abasicmodelforalunarresearchstationbasedontwoplannedexplorationmissionsby2028,and5.(subsequent)expanditintoaninternationalone.AccordingtoZou,asscientistscontinuetodeveloptheblueprintfortheresearchstation,theyhavealreadymadeprogressbycomingup6.specificobjectivesforscienceandapplication.Theseobjectivesmainlyinvolvestudyingthemoon'sevolution(进化),exploringstarformationand7.(activity),andobservingthesunandEarthfromthemoon.Zoualsomentionedthe8.(perform)ofscientificexperiments,likegrowingplantsonthelunarsurface,andtheutilisationoflunarresources,suchasmoonminerals9.solarenergy.Thescientistnotedthatthemoonisstillthe“mainfield”ofdeepspaceexplorationandtheconstructionofaninternationallunarresearchstationwas10.historicalnecessity.Passage4(2023·河南信阳高三上学期一模)Theopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames1.(hold)attheHangzhouOlympicSportsCentreStadiumontheeveningof23September,whichwas2.spectaculardisplayofChinesecultureandinnovation.Theceremonywasafeastforthesenses,3.amazingvisuals,innovativeperformances,andtherespectforthehistoryandcultureofAsiA.Theceremonywasthemed“MemoriesofJiangnan”,usingtheelementofwatertoshowcasetheregion'snaturalbeautyand4.(culture)charm.TheceremonyalsocontainedelementsofLiangzhucultureandtheQiantangRivertides,5.(reflect)China'slongandstoriedhistory.NetizenswereattractedbythedisplayofChineseaesthetics(美学)6.(exhibit)attheopeningceremony.TheofficialsloganoftheGamesis“HearttoHeart,@Future”,7.reflectsthatinthedigitalera,peoplefromallovertheAsiancontinentareconnectedwitheachother.8.(addition),theceremonyusedalargenumberofdroneperformances9.(create)anamazingvisualspectacle.TheopeningceremonywasafittingwaytokickofftheAsianGames,acelebrationofsportandunity.Itwasa10.(remind)oftherichheritageofAsiaandthepowerofsporttobringpeopletogether.Passage5(2024·河北石家庄质检)The12thlunarmonthinChineseiscalledlayue,sothe1.(eight)dayofthislunarmonthislayuechuba,orlabA.Thedayisalsoknown2.theLabaRicePorridgeFestival.ThreemajorcustomsonLabaFestivalareancestorworship,eatingLabariceporridge3.makingLabagarlic.Attheendoftheyear,workingpeopleget4.(much)freetimethanusualtoprepareforthesacrificetotheancestors.Thereason5.the12thlunarmonthiscalledlayuehasalottodowiththecustomofsacrifice.AstothetraditionofeatingLabariceporridge,thereareseverallegendsabouttheorigin.Somesaytheporridge,6.(make)ofredbeans,candriveawayevilfromchildren.Otherssaytheporridgeisinmemoryofapoorcouple.Thecustomofeatingporridge7.(be)well­knownsinceancienttimes.ThemostauthenticporridgewasmadeinnorthernChina,8.(especial)inBeiping,today'sBeijing.Themain9.(material)oftheLabariceporridgearericeandstickyrice.Peoplealsoputsugar,reddates,redbeans,peanutsandothervariousthingsintotheporridge10.(enrich)itsflavour.Passage6(2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟)Dazhai,avillage1.______(surround)bymountainsonallsidesinGuangxi'sLongshengautonomouscountyofvariousethnicgroups,whichboastsaround66squarekilometersofterraced(梯田形的)fieldsthathavebeencultivatedforaround2,300years,2.______(attract)tensofthousandsofvisitorseveryyear.Itsterracedfieldsfollow3.______(landform)ofthemountains,theheightsrangingfrom300to1,200metersabovesealevel.Sofar,fromswiftlyflowingrivervalleystomist-coveredmountains,denseforestsandsteepcliffs,whereverthereiswaterandsoil,terraces4.______(dig).ThoseinDazhaiareimportant5.______(representative)ofLongjiterracing,awell-knowntypeofterracethatcanbefoundalloverthecounty.Thehighesttierhasmorethan1,100levels,6.______(wind)fromthefootofthemountaintothetop,creatingamagnificentlandscape7.______(resemble)astaircasetotheclouds.Thelargestterraceisnomorethananacre8.______(size),whilethesmallestonlyaccommodatesahandfulofriceseedlings(秧苗).Longjiterracesarebasedonanenvironmentalpracticethatfocusesonharmonybetweenhumansandnatureand9.______(dynamic)balanceofforestsandfields.TheyarenotjustbeautifullandscapesbutalsocarriersofZhuangandYaoculture.LongjiterracesareanimportantmodelofancientChinesewater10.______(manage)andagriculturalcivilizationthathasbeenpasseddowntothepresentday.VisitorscanappreciatethewaytheZhuangandYaoethnicgroupshavefarmedtheterracesandhowancestralfarmingmethodshavebeenpreserved.Passage7(2023·广东高三10月联考)Todaymostoftheworld'smoneyismadeupofpaper.Thoughpaymentsareoftenmadewithplasticcardsorbyothertechnologies,virtualmoney1.______(seem)tobethenextbigthing.TheideaofpapermoneystartedinChina.FormuchofChinesehistory,whatmostpeoplethoughtof2.______moneyweresmallcoinswithholesinthemiddle.Thesecoins3.______(put)onapieceofstring,100coinstoabunch.Normally,tenbuncheswerekeptonthesamestring,4.______couldbeveryheavytocarryaround.5.______(solve)thisproblem,beginningaroundtheTangDynasty,businessmenwoulddeposit(存款)theircoinswithsomeone,andforareceipt,thatpersonwouldgivethemapieceofpaper6.______(call)feiqian,or“flyingmoney”.Thenwhenthebusinessmandidbusiness,hecouldusethatpaperinsteadofhavingtocarryatruckloadofcoinsaround.Thisfinallyledtothe7.______(print)ofpapermoneyasweknowittodaybytheearly11thcentury.Dependingupon8.______era,papermoneymayhavebeenworthquitealotormayhavebeennearly9.______(worth).However,papermoneywas10.______(simple)tooconvenienttogiveup,andsointheenditreplacedcoins.Passage8(2024·安徽合肥模拟)JingxiTaipingDrumisatraditionalformofdancingthatispopularinMentougouDistrictofBeijing.Theearliesthistoricalreferencesofthisart1.(date)backtotheSpringandAutumnPeriodanddescribehowitwas2.(initial)usedinceremoniestodriveawaybadspiritsandprayforgoodfortune.DuringtheQingDynasty,thedrumswerealsoplayedontheNewYear'sEveofthelunarcalendarattheimperialpalace.3.consequence,theperformancealsobecameknownasthe“NewYearDrum”byBeijingers.Nowadays,thistypeofdrumdanceiscommonlyseen4.(perform)duringthelastandfirstmonthsofthelunaryearinmanylocalfestiveactivities,thus5.(express)people'shopeofapeacefulandprosperous(繁荣的)yeartocome.ATaipingDrumisusuallymadeupofashell,aclothskin,andahandlewith6.handfulofdecorativerings,andthissingle­sideddrumisusuallyplayedwithawoodenmallet(木槌).TraditionalChineseaesthetic(美学的)concepts7.(reflect)inthedrumplaying,paceandformationchanges,allof8.representdistinctivelocalfeatures.Withitsgreat9.(popular),theJingxiTaipingDrumdancehasbeenperformedinlocalvillagesaswellasonnationalandinternational10.(stage).Today,thetime­honouredfolkartisbeingtakenupbytheyounggenerationandispresentingitslivelyartisticcharm.第二部分:强化训练BPassage9(2023·浙江绍兴高三二模)EatingChinesefoodcanbebeneficialforyourhealth.Chinesedishesareoftenpackedwithvegetables,leanproteins,andhealthygrainslikericeandnoodles,which1.(make)themagreatsourceofvitamins,essential2.(mineral)andothernutrients.Chinesefoodisalso3.(relative)inexpensive,makingitagreatoptionforeaters.Manydishescanbeeasilycustomisedtomeetdietaryrestrictionsorpreferences,andtakeoutoptionsmakeiteasy4.(enjoy)adeliciousmealwithoutspendingmuchtimeinthekitchen.Chinesefoodisoftenthoughtofasasingletypeofcuisine,5.thereareactuallymanydifferentregionalvariations.Cantonesecuisine6.(characterise)bylightandflavourfuldishesthatoftencontainseafoodwhileSichuandishesareknown7.theirspicy(辛辣的)flavourings.Hunancuisineistypically8.(heavy)thanothers,incorporatingingredientslikechilliesandgarlic.Inconclusion,eatingChinesefoodcanbeanutritiousandeconomicalwaytogetavarietyofflavoursandtexturesonyourplate.Withalittlebitofresearchandknowledge,youcanenjoyallthedeliciousflavoursofChinesecuisinein9.healthyandsafeway.Sodon'tbeafraidtoexploretheworldofChinesefoodanddiscoverallthe10.(wonder)tastesithastooffer!Passage10(2024年上海松江)SinceChinaNationalChemicalEngineeringGroupCorp1.__________(announce)theestablishmentof2._________integratedpetrochemicalscomplexandinfrastructureprojectinKazakhstanlastyear,ithasbeenprovidingcrucialsupportinupgradingKazakhstan'spetrochemicalindustryand3.___________(boost)thecountry'seconomicgrowth.Theprojectserves4._________ashiningexampleoftheincreasingcooperationbetweenChina5._________Kazakhstan,andhowsuchcooperationcanbe6.___________(benefit)formembersoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganization.Marketobserverssaidthat,7._________(drive)bythegrowthoftheBeltandRoadInitiativeandtheircomplementaryindustrialandtradestructures,ChinaandKazakhstanarelikely8.__________(expand)businesstiesinareassuchastransportation,finance,newinfrastructure,cleanenergy,tradeinservicesandmanufacturing.Unliketraditionalinfrastructuresuchasrailways,roadsandwaterconservancy,theconceptofnewinfrastructure9._________(refer)tocriticalfacilitiesbasedoninformationtechnologiessuchas5G,AI,theindustrialinternetandtheinternetofthings.IoTdescribesnetworksofdevices10._________canconnectandexchangedata.Passage11(2024·上海崇明·二模)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GrandChineseNewYearCelebrationHeldinLondonMorethan700,000peopleinLondonjoinedinacelebrationonFebruary11organizedbytheLondonChinatownChineseAssociationtowelcometheYearoftheDragon.Thecelebrationwasclaimedbytheorganizers31(be)thelargestChineseNewYeareventoutsideAsia.Itstartedat10amwithadiverseparadefeaturingdragondancesanddisplaysoftraditionalChinesecostumes.TheparadestartedfromtheeastofTrafalgarSquareandconcludedonShaftesburyAvenueinChinatown.Duringtheparade,significantattention32(capture)bythetraditionalChinesePuningYinggefolkdance,anationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)inChina.Thegroupof16dancers,originatingfromtheChaoshanregioninSouthChina’sGuangdongprovince,33theartformoriginated,offeredasensoryculturalfeast(盛宴)tothepeopleoftheUnitedKingdom.Atnoon,theeventreacheditsclimaxonthecenterstageinTrafalgarSquare,withnotablefiguresfromChinaandBritainparticipatingintheeye-dottingceremonyoftwolions,symbolically34(awaken)them.35thelionswereawakened,theyperformedalivelyflyingdance.Performers36(hide)underthecostumesjumpedupanddownon3-meter-highpoles,drawingenthusiasticapplausefromthecrowds.ZhengZeguang,China’sambassador(大使)totheUK,37(address)theattendeesatTrafalgarSquare.Heexpressedgratitudetotheorganizersandartistsformaking38possiblefortheeventtohappen,andextendedwarmwishesofgoodfortuneandadvancefortheYearoftheDragon.SadiqKhan,mayorofLondon,spokehighlyofthecontributionsofLondonersofChineseorigin.“OneofthereasonswhyLondonisthegreatestcityintheworldis39LondonersofChineseoriginhavebeenmakingcontributionstothecity,”hesaid.Themayoralsowarned40tryingto“discourage”friendshipsbetweenChinaandtheUK.Inadditiontothelivelyparadeandstageperformances,therewereculturalworkshops,interactivegames,andfoodstandssetuparoundTrafalgarSquare.Passage12(2024·上海宝山·二模)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Imagineyouareoutfishingonthehighseas-thewindandwaterarecleanandcomfortableandyoubeginbringingupyourfirstcatchoftheday.That'swheneverythinggoeswrong.Yourfishingnetsaretangledup(缠成一团)inolder,abandonedfishingtool,andyou'reunabletountanglethem.Yourequipment11(ruin),andallofthefishyouhaveworkedsohardtocatcharetrapped.Theywilldie12youareunabletodraworfreethem.Ghostfishinghasclaimedyetanothervictim.Ghostfishingiswhatabandonedfishingtooldoes.Itstillcatchesfish,butnoonebenefits.Trappedfishdieandattractscavengers(清道夫)13alsogetcaught,creatingaviciouscycle.Infact,lostfishingtool,or"ghosttool,"isamong14(great)killersintheoceans.Thistoolfurtherreducesthealreadydecliningnumberoffish.Environmentalagenciesestimatethat10percentofallseawaterlitterislostordesertedfishingtool15(equal)640,000tonseveryyear.Fortunately,theseagenciesareaskingwhythisishappeningandwhat16bedonetostopit.It'snottheintentionofthemajorityoffishermentolosetheirtool.Inmostcircumstancesbadweatheristoblame.Butinothercasesfishermenthrowtheirtoolintheoceanonpurpose,riskingexpensivefines.Buttothem,it'sworththerisk17(free)upspaceonboard,cutfuelcostsoravoidpayinghandlingfees.18equipmentlossisaccidentalornot,astrategyinvolvingtoolidentificationseemstobeapracticalsolution.BymarkingtoolwithelectronictagsandutilizingGPStechnology,ownersaremorelikelytorecoverlosttoolandlesslikelytoabandonit.Currently,ownershipregulationsarereportedlyveryweak.LeadingtheeffortfortaggingfishingtoolandcreatingaccountabilityistheGGTI(GlobalGhostToolInitiative).19(launch)in2015,theGGTIisthefirstorganizationofitskind.It'sbroughttogetheranorganizationofgovernments,fishing-industryexecutives,seafoodcompaniesandnon-profits.Theireffortstogetbackandrecyclethetool20(improve)marineenvironment,protectingfishandfishermen'swayoflife.Ghostfishingposesaseriousthreattothefishingindustryworldwide,andaglobaleffortisneededtosolveit.答案+解析第一部分:强化训练APassage11.keyboards(解析:这里泛指键盘,用复数形式。)2.is(解析:neathandwriting是不可数名词短语作主语,且时态为一般现在时,be动词用is。)3.with(解析:用……工具用介词with。)4.wereused(解析:很久以前钢笔在学校被使用,“fountainpens”与“use”之间是被动关系,且时间是过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。)5.simply(解析:这里用副词simply修饰动词短语throwsaway,表示“仅仅,只是”。)6.a(解析:得到一支新的钢笔,new是以辅音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词a。)7.improvement(解析:定冠词the后接名词improvement,表示“改进,提高”。)8.and(解析:这里连接两个并列的宾语,“inhisstudents'writing”和“inhisownwriting”,用and连接。)9.tostay(解析:beheretodosth.表示“在这做某事”,tostay表示“停留,保持”。)10.themselves(解析:beproudofoneself表示“为自己感到骄傲”,这里用反身代词themselves。)Passage21.introducing(解析:动名词短语作主语,introduce变为introducing。)2.absorbed(解析:beabsorbedin表示“全神贯注于”,这里用过去分词作状语。)3.themselves(解析:improveoneself表示“提高自己”,这里用反身代词themselves。)4.recognition(解析:visualrecognition表示“视觉识别”,这里用名词形式。)5.are(解析:主语“Variouscookinggames”是复数,且时态为一般现在时,be动词用are。)6.totry(解析:urgesb.todosth.表示“敦促某人做某事”。)7.with(解析:experimentwith表示“用……做实验”。)8.Additionally(解析:这里用副词additionally表示“此外”,修饰整个句子。)9.what(解析:what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语。)10.how(解析:teachsb.howtodosth.表示“教某人如何做某事”。)Passage31.including(解析:现在分词including表示“包括”,作状语。)2.reported(解析:根据时间状语“onFriday”可知,时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用reported。)3.national(解析:形容词national修饰名词“spaceconference”,表示“国家的太空会议”。)4.toestablish(解析:plantodosth.表示“计划做某事”。)5.subsequently(解析:副词subsequently修饰动词“expand”,表示“随后”。)6.with(解析:comeupwith表示“提出,想出”。)7.activities(解析:and连接两个并列的名词,activity的复数形式activities表示“活动”。)8.performance(解析:名词performance表示“表演,表现”。)9.and(解析:连接两个并列的名词短语“moonminerals”和“solarenergy”。)10.a(解析:表示“一种历史必然”,用不定冠词a。)Passage41.washeld(解析:“Theopeningceremony”与“hold”之间是被动关系,且时间是过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。)2.a(解析:表示“一场壮观的展示”,用不定冠词a。)3.with(解析:with表示“带有,具有”,这里表示开幕式有令人惊叹的视觉效果、创新的表演等。)4.cultural(解析:形容词cultural修饰名词“charm”,表示“文化魅力”。)5.reflecting(解析:现在分词短语作状语,表示主动关系,“reflect”与主语“Theceremony”之间是主动关系。)6.exhibited(解析:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“Chineseaesthetics”,表示“在开幕式上展出的中国美学”。)7.which(解析:which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的句子“HearttoHeart,@Future”。)8.Additionally(解析:副词additionally表示“此外”,修饰整个句子。)9.tocreate(解析:usesth.todosth.表示“用某物做某事”。)10.reminder(解析:不定冠词a后接名词reminder,表示“提醒物”。)Passage51.eighth(解析:表示“第八天”,用序数词eighth。)2.as(解析:beknownas表示“作为……而闻名”。)3.and(解析:连接三个并列的名词短语“ancestorworship”“eatingLabariceporridge”和“makingLabagarlic”。)4.more(解析:根据后面的“thanusual”可知,这里用比较级more。)5.why(解析:thereasonwhy...表示“……的原因”。)6.made(解析:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“theporridge”,“bemadeof”表示“由……制成”。)7.is(解析:主语“Thecustomofeatingporridge”是单数,且时态为一般现在时,be动词用is。)8.especially(解析:副词especially表示“尤其,特别”。)9.materials(解析:“are”表明主语是复数,material的复数形式materials表示“材料”。)10.toenrich(解析:动词不定式toenrich表示目的。)Passage61.surrounded(解析:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“avillage”,“besurroundedby”表示“被……包围”。)2.attracts(解析:“Dazhai”是主语,单数形式,且时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用attracts。)3.thelandform(解析:这里特指山的地形,用定冠词the修饰“landform”。)4.havebeendug(解析:“terraces”与“dig”之间是被动关系,且时间是从过去到现在,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。)5.representatives(解析:形容词important后接名词,且主语是“Those”,所以用复数形式representatives。)6.winding(解析:现在分词短语作状语,“wind”与主语“Thehighesttier”之间是主动关系。)7.that/which(解析:引导定语从句,修饰先行词“landscape”,在从句中作主语,用关系代词that/which。)8.insize(解析:“insize”表示“在尺寸方面”。)9.thedynamic(解析:定冠词the修饰形容词“dynamic”,表示“动态的平衡”。)10.management(解析:名词management表示“管理”。)Passage71.seems(解析:主语“virtualmoney”是单数,且时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用seems。)2.as(解析:thinkof...as...表示“把……看作……”。)3.wereput(解析:“Thesecoins”与“put”之间是被动关系,且时态为一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。)4.which(解析:非限制性定语从句,关系代词which指代前面整个句子。)5.Tosolve(解析:动词不定式短语作目的状语。)6.called(解析:过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“apieceofpaper”,“becalled”表示“被叫做”。)7.printing(解析:theprintingofpapermoney表示“纸币的印刷”,这里用动名词形式。)8.the(解析:特指某个时代,用定冠词the。)9.worthless(解析:根据前面的“mayhavebeenworthquitealotormayhavebeennearly”可知,这里表示“几乎没有价值”,用worthless。)10.simply(解析:副词simply修饰形容词“tooconvenient”,表示“仅仅,只是”。)Passage81.date(解析:datebackto表示“追溯到”,无被动语态,主语是“references”,谓语动词用原形。)2.initially(解析:副词initially修饰动词“used”,表示“最初”。)3.In(解析:inconsequence表示“结果,因此”。)4.beingperformed(解析:beseendoingsth.表示“被看到正在做某事”,且“drums”与“perform”之间是被动关系,所以用be

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