专题-S311 【题型易-高考英语 (语法填空) 强化训练】2025年高考部分考区题型专练 （全国）

高考高考语法填空专练专题-S311部分考区语法填空高考备考能力提升强化训练语法填空12篇强化训练A（新高考Ⅰ卷考区）Passage1-8强化训练B（自主命题考区）Passage9-12第一部分：强化训练APassage1(2024·九省联考)Wheneveryouhavetowriteapaper,aletter,oranyotherdocumentforworkorschool,youprobablyheadtowardthecomputer.Now,mostpeoplereachfor1．(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.InaScottishprimaryschool,however,Mr.NormanLewisistakingadifferentapproach.Hefeelsthatneathandwriting2．(be)stillanimportantskill,sohehashisstudentswritenotonlybyhandbutalso3．old­fashionedfountainpens.Fountainpens4．(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.Today,awriter5．(simple)throwsanemptypenawayandgets6．newone.Sofar,Mr.Lewisispleasedwiththeresultsofhisexperiment.Hereportsthathisstudentsaretakingmorecarewiththeirwork,andtheirself­confidencehasimprovedaswell.Heishappywiththe7．(improve)heseesinhisstudents'writing8．inhisownwriting.Heknowsthatcomputersarehere9．(stay)andthattheywillnotdisappear.However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof10．(they).Passage22023·山东淄博三模)Expertsonchilddevelopmentagreethatchildrenlearnanddevelopthrougheverydayexperiences.Becausefoodandcookingaresuchfundamentalcomponentsofourday­to­daylives,1.(introduce)cookingtochildrenatayoungageisessentialtotheirexperientiallearning.Childrenlikeplayingmake­believeandenjoyinventingavarietyofcharacterswhile2.(absorb)inimaginativeplay.Cookinggamesareanexcellentwaytostimulateimaginativeplay.Childrencanactoutreal­lifesituationsandbehavioursthroughpretendplayandimprove3.(they)increativity.Furthermore,pretendplayinthekitchenhelpschildrenlearnthingslikeproblem­solving,creativethinking,visual4.(recognise),andsoon.Variouscookinggamesforchildrenthatareavailableonline5.(be)morethanjustafunpastimeactivity.Theyprovideanumberofeducationalbenefitsaswell.Freeonlinecookinggamesurgechildren6.(try)newthingsandthinkoutsidetheboxbylettingthemexperiment7.ingredients,recipes,andpreparationmethods.8.(addition),manyfreecookinggamesonlinerequirechildrentoperformvariouskitchentasksorreadtherecipesandthenfollowtheinstructivetips.Whenchildrentaketheinitiativeandfinishatask,theyfeelproudof9.theyhaveundertaken.Playingfreecookinggamesonlinecanalsohelpchildrenlearnessentialskills,teachthem10.tobesafeinthekitchen,andincreasetheirgeneralknowledgeabouttheworld.Passage3(2023·河北邯郸高考三模)Scientistshaveproposedseveralobjectivesforafutureinternationallunarresearchstation,1.(include)moon­basedEarthobservationandlunarresourceutilisation(利用),theChinaScienceDaily2.(report)onFriday.ZouYongliao,headofthelunaranddeepspaceexplorationdivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,revealedthegoalsatarecent3.(nation)spaceconference.Chinaplans4.(establish)abasicmodelforalunarresearchstationbasedontwoplannedexplorationmissionsby2028,and5.(subsequent)expanditintoaninternationalone.AccordingtoZou,asscientistscontinuetodeveloptheblueprintfortheresearchstation,theyhavealreadymadeprogressbycomingup6.specificobjectivesforscienceandapplication.Theseobjectivesmainlyinvolvestudyingthemoon'sevolution(进化),exploringstarformationand7.(activity),andobservingthesunandEarthfromthemoon.Zoualsomentionedthe8.(perform)ofscientificexperiments,likegrowingplantsonthelunarsurface,andtheutilisationoflunarresources,suchasmoonminerals9.solarenergy.Thescientistnotedthatthemoonisstillthe“mainfield”ofdeepspaceexplorationandtheconstructionofaninternationallunarresearchstationwas10.historicalnecessity.Passage4(2023·河南信阳高三上学期一模)Theopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames1．(hold)attheHangzhouOlympicSportsCentreStadiumontheeveningof23September,whichwas2．spectaculardisplayofChinesecultureandinnovation.Theceremonywasafeastforthesenses,3．amazingvisuals,innovativeperformances,andtherespectforthehistoryandcultureofAsiA．Theceremonywasthemed“MemoriesofJiangnan”，usingtheelementofwatertoshowcasetheregion'snaturalbeautyand4．(culture)charm.TheceremonyalsocontainedelementsofLiangzhucultureandtheQiantangRivertides,5．(reflect)China'slongandstoriedhistory.NetizenswereattractedbythedisplayofChineseaesthetics(美学)6．(exhibit)attheopeningceremony.TheofficialsloganoftheGamesis“HearttoHeart,@Future”，7．reflectsthatinthedigitalera,peoplefromallovertheAsiancontinentareconnectedwitheachother.8．(addition),theceremonyusedalargenumberofdroneperformances9．(create)anamazingvisualspectacle.TheopeningceremonywasafittingwaytokickofftheAsianGames,acelebrationofsportandunity.Itwasa10．(remind)oftherichheritageofAsiaandthepowerofsporttobringpeopletogether.Passage5(2024·河北石家庄质检)The12thlunarmonthinChineseiscalledlayue,sothe1．(eight)dayofthislunarmonthislayuechuba,orlabA．Thedayisalsoknown2．theLabaRicePorridgeFestival.ThreemajorcustomsonLabaFestivalareancestorworship,eatingLabariceporridge3．makingLabagarlic.Attheendoftheyear,workingpeopleget4．(much)freetimethanusualtoprepareforthesacrificetotheancestors.Thereason5．the12thlunarmonthiscalledlayuehasalottodowiththecustomofsacrifice.AstothetraditionofeatingLabariceporridge,thereareseverallegendsabouttheorigin.Somesaytheporridge,6．(make)ofredbeans,candriveawayevilfromchildren.Otherssaytheporridgeisinmemoryofapoorcouple.Thecustomofeatingporridge7．(be)well­knownsinceancienttimes.ThemostauthenticporridgewasmadeinnorthernChina,8．(especial)inBeiping,today'sBeijing.Themain9．(material)oftheLabariceporridgearericeandstickyrice.Peoplealsoputsugar,reddates,redbeans,peanutsandothervariousthingsintotheporridge10．(enrich)itsflavour.Passage6（2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟）Dazhai,avillage1.______(surround)bymountainsonallsidesinGuangxi'sLongshengautonomouscountyofvariousethnicgroups,whichboastsaround66squarekilometersofterraced（梯田形的）fieldsthathavebeencultivatedforaround2,300years,2.______(attract)tensofthousandsofvisitorseveryyear.Itsterracedfieldsfollow3.______(landform)ofthemountains,theheightsrangingfrom300to1,200metersabovesealevel.Sofar,fromswiftlyflowingrivervalleystomist-coveredmountains,denseforestsandsteepcliffs,whereverthereiswaterandsoil,terraces4.______(dig).ThoseinDazhaiareimportant5.______(representative)ofLongjiterracing,awell-knowntypeofterracethatcanbefoundalloverthecounty.Thehighesttierhasmorethan1,100levels,6.______(wind)fromthefootofthemountaintothetop,creatingamagnificentlandscape7.______(resemble)astaircasetotheclouds.Thelargestterraceisnomorethananacre8.______(size),whilethesmallestonlyaccommodatesahandfulofriceseedlings（秧苗）.Longjiterracesarebasedonanenvironmentalpracticethatfocusesonharmonybetweenhumansandnatureand9.______(dynamic)balanceofforestsandfields.TheyarenotjustbeautifullandscapesbutalsocarriersofZhuangandYaoculture.LongjiterracesareanimportantmodelofancientChinesewater10.______(manage)andagriculturalcivilizationthathasbeenpasseddowntothepresentday.VisitorscanappreciatethewaytheZhuangandYaoethnicgroupshavefarmedtheterracesandhowancestralfarmingmethodshavebeenpreserved.Passage7(2023·广东高三10月联考)Todaymostoftheworld'smoneyismadeupofpaper.Thoughpaymentsareoftenmadewithplasticcardsorbyothertechnologies,virtualmoney1.______(seem)tobethenextbigthing.TheideaofpapermoneystartedinChina.FormuchofChinesehistory,whatmostpeoplethoughtof2.______moneyweresmallcoinswithholesinthemiddle.Thesecoins3.______(put)onapieceofstring,100coinstoabunch.Normally,tenbuncheswerekeptonthesamestring,4.______couldbeveryheavytocarryaround.5．______(solve)thisproblem,beginningaroundtheTangDynasty,businessmenwoulddeposit(存款)theircoinswithsomeone,andforareceipt,thatpersonwouldgivethemapieceofpaper6.______(call)feiqian,or“flyingmoney”.Thenwhenthebusinessmandidbusiness,hecouldusethatpaperinsteadofhavingtocarryatruckloadofcoinsaround.Thisfinallyledtothe7.______(print)ofpapermoneyasweknowittodaybytheearly11thcentury.Dependingupon8.______era,papermoneymayhavebeenworthquitealotormayhavebeennearly9.______(worth).However,papermoneywas10.______(simple)tooconvenienttogiveup,andsointheenditreplacedcoins.Passage8(2024·安徽合肥模拟)JingxiTaipingDrumisatraditionalformofdancingthatispopularinMentougouDistrictofBeijing.Theearliesthistoricalreferencesofthisart1．(date)backtotheSpringandAutumnPeriodanddescribehowitwas2．(initial)usedinceremoniestodriveawaybadspiritsandprayforgoodfortune.DuringtheQingDynasty,thedrumswerealsoplayedontheNewYear'sEveofthelunarcalendarattheimperialpalace.3．consequence,theperformancealsobecameknownasthe“NewYearDrum”byBeijingers.Nowadays,thistypeofdrumdanceiscommonlyseen4．(perform)duringthelastandfirstmonthsofthelunaryearinmanylocalfestiveactivities,thus5．(express)people'shopeofapeacefulandprosperous(繁荣的)yeartocome.ATaipingDrumisusuallymadeupofashell,aclothskin,andahandlewith6．handfulofdecorativerings,andthissingle­sideddrumisusuallyplayedwithawoodenmallet(木槌).TraditionalChineseaesthetic(美学的)concepts7．(reflect)inthedrumplaying,paceandformationchanges,allof8．representdistinctivelocalfeatures.Withitsgreat9．(popular),theJingxiTaipingDrumdancehasbeenperformedinlocalvillagesaswellasonnationalandinternational10．(stage).Today,thetime­honouredfolkartisbeingtakenupbytheyounggenerationandispresentingitslivelyartisticcharm.第二部分：强化训练BPassage9(2023·浙江绍兴高三二模)EatingChinesefoodcanbebeneficialforyourhealth.Chinesedishesareoftenpackedwithvegetables,leanproteins,andhealthygrainslikericeandnoodles,which1.(make)themagreatsourceofvitamins,essential2.(mineral)andothernutrients.Chinesefoodisalso3.(relative)inexpensive,makingitagreatoptionforeaters.Manydishescanbeeasilycustomisedtomeetdietaryrestrictionsorpreferences,andtakeoutoptionsmakeiteasy4.(enjoy)adeliciousmealwithoutspendingmuchtimeinthekitchen.Chinesefoodisoftenthoughtofasasingletypeofcuisine,5.thereareactuallymanydifferentregionalvariations.Cantonesecuisine6.(characterise)bylightandflavourfuldishesthatoftencontainseafoodwhileSichuandishesareknown7.theirspicy(辛辣的)flavourings.Hunancuisineistypically8.(heavy)thanothers,incorporatingingredientslikechilliesandgarlic.Inconclusion,eatingChinesefoodcanbeanutritiousandeconomicalwaytogetavarietyofflavoursandtexturesonyourplate.Withalittlebitofresearchandknowledge,youcanenjoyallthedeliciousflavoursofChinesecuisinein9.healthyandsafeway.Sodon'tbeafraidtoexploretheworldofChinesefoodanddiscoverallthe10.(wonder)tastesithastooffer!Passage10（2024年上海松江）SinceChinaNationalChemicalEngineeringGroupCorp1.__________(announce)theestablishmentof2._________integratedpetrochemicalscomplexandinfrastructureprojectinKazakhstanlastyear,ithasbeenprovidingcrucialsupportinupgradingKazakhstan'spetrochemicalindustryand3.___________(boost)thecountry'seconomicgrowth.Theprojectserves4._________ashiningexampleoftheincreasingcooperationbetweenChina5._________Kazakhstan,andhowsuchcooperationcanbe6.___________(benefit)formembersoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganization.Marketobserverssaidthat,7._________(drive)bythegrowthoftheBeltandRoadInitiativeandtheircomplementaryindustrialandtradestructures,ChinaandKazakhstanarelikely8.__________(expand)businesstiesinareassuchastransportation,finance,newinfrastructure,cleanenergy,tradeinservicesandmanufacturing.Unliketraditionalinfrastructuresuchasrailways,roadsandwaterconservancy,theconceptofnewinfrastructure9._________(refer)tocriticalfacilitiesbasedoninformationtechnologiessuchas5G,AI,theindustrialinternetandtheinternetofthings.IoTdescribesnetworksofdevices10._________canconnectandexchangedata.Passage11（2024·上海崇明·二模）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GrandChineseNewYearCelebrationHeldinLondonMorethan700,000peopleinLondonjoinedinacelebrationonFebruary11organizedbytheLondonChinatownChineseAssociationtowelcometheYearoftheDragon.Thecelebrationwasclaimedbytheorganizers31(be)thelargestChineseNewYeareventoutsideAsia.Itstartedat10amwithadiverseparadefeaturingdragondancesanddisplaysoftraditionalChinesecostumes.TheparadestartedfromtheeastofTrafalgarSquareandconcludedonShaftesburyAvenueinChinatown.Duringtheparade,significantattention32(capture)bythetraditionalChinesePuningYinggefolkdance,anationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)inChina.Thegroupof16dancers,originatingfromtheChaoshanregioninSouthChina’sGuangdongprovince,33theartformoriginated,offeredasensoryculturalfeast(盛宴)tothepeopleoftheUnitedKingdom.Atnoon,theeventreacheditsclimaxonthecenterstageinTrafalgarSquare,withnotablefiguresfromChinaandBritainparticipatingintheeye-dottingceremonyoftwolions,symbolically34(awaken)them.35thelionswereawakened,theyperformedalivelyflyingdance.Performers36(hide)underthecostumesjumpedupanddownon3-meter-highpoles,drawingenthusiasticapplausefromthecrowds.ZhengZeguang,China’sambassador(大使)totheUK,37(address)theattendeesatTrafalgarSquare.Heexpressedgratitudetotheorganizersandartistsformaking38possiblefortheeventtohappen,andextendedwarmwishesofgoodfortuneandadvancefortheYearoftheDragon.SadiqKhan,mayorofLondon,spokehighlyofthecontributionsofLondonersofChineseorigin.“OneofthereasonswhyLondonisthegreatestcityintheworldis39LondonersofChineseoriginhavebeenmakingcontributionstothecity,”hesaid.Themayoralsowarned40tryingto“discourage”friendshipsbetweenChinaandtheUK.Inadditiontothelivelyparadeandstageperformances,therewereculturalworkshops,interactivegames,andfoodstandssetuparoundTrafalgarSquare.Passage12（2024·上海宝山·二模）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Imagineyouareoutfishingonthehighseas-thewindandwaterarecleanandcomfortableandyoubeginbringingupyourfirstcatchoftheday.That'swheneverythinggoeswrong.Yourfishingnetsaretangledup(缠成一团)inolder,abandonedfishingtool,andyou'reunabletountanglethem.Yourequipment11(ruin),andallofthefishyouhaveworkedsohardtocatcharetrapped.Theywilldie12youareunabletodraworfreethem.Ghostfishinghasclaimedyetanothervictim.Ghostfishingiswhatabandonedfishingtooldoes.Itstillcatchesfish,butnoonebenefits.Trappedfishdieandattractscavengers(清道夫)13alsogetcaught,creatingaviciouscycle.Infact,lostfishingtool,or"ghosttool,"isamong14(great)killersintheoceans.Thistoolfurtherreducesthealreadydecliningnumberoffish.Environmentalagenciesestimatethat10percentofallseawaterlitterislostordesertedfishingtool15(equal)640,000tonseveryyear.Fortunately,theseagenciesareaskingwhythisishappeningandwhat16bedonetostopit.It'snottheintentionofthemajorityoffishermentolosetheirtool.Inmostcircumstancesbadweatheristoblame.Butinothercasesfishermenthrowtheirtoolintheoceanonpurpose,riskingexpensivefines.Buttothem,it'sworththerisk17(free)upspaceonboard,cutfuelcostsoravoidpayinghandlingfees.18equipmentlossisaccidentalornot,astrategyinvolvingtoolidentificationseemstobeapracticalsolution.BymarkingtoolwithelectronictagsandutilizingGPStechnology,ownersaremorelikelytorecoverlosttoolandlesslikelytoabandonit.Currently,ownershipregulationsarereportedlyveryweak.LeadingtheeffortfortaggingfishingtoolandcreatingaccountabilityistheGGTI(GlobalGhostToolInitiative).19(launch)in2015,theGGTIisthefirstorganizationofitskind.It'sbroughttogetheranorganizationofgovernments,fishing-industryexecutives,seafoodcompaniesandnon-profits.Theireffortstogetbackandrecyclethetool20(improve)marineenvironment,protectingfishandfishermen'swayoflife.Ghostfishingposesaseriousthreattothefishingindustryworldwide,andaglobaleffortisneededtosolveit.答案+解析第一部分：强化训练APassage11.keyboards（解析：这里泛指键盘，用复数形式。）2.is（解析：neathandwriting是不可数名词短语作主语，且时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。）3.with（解析：用……工具用介词with。）4.wereused（解析：很久以前钢笔在学校被使用，“fountainpens”与“use”之间是被动关系，且时间是过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。）5.simply（解析：这里用副词simply修饰动词短语throwsaway，表示“仅仅，只是”。）6.a（解析：得到一支新的钢笔，new是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。）7.improvement（解析：定冠词the后接名词improvement，表示“改进，提高”。）8.and（解析：这里连接两个并列的宾语，“inhisstudents'writing”和“inhisownwriting”，用and连接。）9.tostay（解析：beheretodosth.表示“在这做某事”，tostay表示“停留，保持”。）10.themselves（解析：beproudofoneself表示“为自己感到骄傲”，这里用反身代词themselves。）Passage21.introducing（解析：动名词短语作主语，introduce变为introducing。）2.absorbed（解析：beabsorbedin表示“全神贯注于”，这里用过去分词作状语。）3.themselves（解析：improveoneself表示“提高自己”，这里用反身代词themselves。）4.recognition（解析：visualrecognition表示“视觉识别”，这里用名词形式。）5.are（解析：主语“Variouscookinggames”是复数，且时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。）6.totry（解析：urgesb.todosth.表示“敦促某人做某事”。）7.with（解析：experimentwith表示“用……做实验”。）8.Additionally（解析：这里用副词additionally表示“此外”，修饰整个句子。）9.what（解析：what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。）10.how（解析：teachsb.howtodosth.表示“教某人如何做某事”。）Passage31.including（解析：现在分词including表示“包括”，作状语。）2.reported（解析：根据时间状语“onFriday”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用reported。）3.national（解析：形容词national修饰名词“spaceconference”，表示“国家的太空会议”。）4.toestablish（解析：plantodosth.表示“计划做某事”。）5.subsequently（解析：副词subsequently修饰动词“expand”，表示“随后”。）6.with（解析：comeupwith表示“提出，想出”。）7.activities（解析：and连接两个并列的名词，activity的复数形式activities表示“活动”。）8.performance（解析：名词performance表示“表演，表现”。）9.and（解析：连接两个并列的名词短语“moonminerals”和“solarenergy”。）10.a（解析：表示“一种历史必然”，用不定冠词a。）Passage41.washeld（解析：“Theopeningceremony”与“hold”之间是被动关系，且时间是过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。）2.a（解析：表示“一场壮观的展示”，用不定冠词a。）3.with（解析：with表示“带有，具有”，这里表示开幕式有令人惊叹的视觉效果、创新的表演等。）4.cultural（解析：形容词cultural修饰名词“charm”，表示“文化魅力”。）5.reflecting（解析：现在分词短语作状语，表示主动关系，“reflect”与主语“Theceremony”之间是主动关系。）6.exhibited（解析：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“Chineseaesthetics”，表示“在开幕式上展出的中国美学”。）7.which（解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子“HearttoHeart,@Future”。）8.Additionally（解析：副词additionally表示“此外”，修饰整个句子。）9.tocreate（解析：usesth.todosth.表示“用某物做某事”。）10.reminder（解析：不定冠词a后接名词reminder，表示“提醒物”。）Passage51.eighth（解析：表示“第八天”，用序数词eighth。）2.as（解析：beknownas表示“作为……而闻名”。）3.and（解析：连接三个并列的名词短语“ancestorworship”“eatingLabariceporridge”和“makingLabagarlic”。）4.more（解析：根据后面的“thanusual”可知，这里用比较级more。）5.why（解析：thereasonwhy...表示“……的原因”。）6.made（解析：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“theporridge”，“bemadeof”表示“由……制成”。）7.is（解析：主语“Thecustomofeatingporridge”是单数，且时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。）8.especially（解析：副词especially表示“尤其，特别”。）9.materials（解析：“are”表明主语是复数，material的复数形式materials表示“材料”。）10.toenrich（解析：动词不定式toenrich表示目的。）Passage61.surrounded（解析：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“avillage”，“besurroundedby”表示“被……包围”。）2.attracts（解析：“Dazhai”是主语，单数形式，且时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用attracts。）3.thelandform（解析：这里特指山的地形，用定冠词the修饰“landform”。）4.havebeendug（解析：“terraces”与“dig”之间是被动关系，且时间是从过去到现在，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。）5.representatives（解析：形容词important后接名词，且主语是“Those”，所以用复数形式representatives。）6.winding（解析：现在分词短语作状语，“wind”与主语“Thehighesttier”之间是主动关系。）7.that/which（解析：引导定语从句，修饰先行词“landscape”，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。）8.insize（解析：“insize”表示“在尺寸方面”。）9.thedynamic（解析：定冠词the修饰形容词“dynamic”，表示“动态的平衡”。）10.management（解析：名词management表示“管理”。）Passage71.seems（解析：主语“virtualmoney”是单数，且时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用seems。）2.as（解析：thinkof...as...表示“把……看作……”。）3.wereput（解析：“Thesecoins”与“put”之间是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。）4.which（解析：非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代前面整个句子。）5.Tosolve（解析：动词不定式短语作目的状语。）6.called（解析：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“apieceofpaper”，“becalled”表示“被叫做”。）7.printing（解析：theprintingofpapermoney表示“纸币的印刷”，这里用动名词形式。）8.the（解析：特指某个时代，用定冠词the。）9.worthless（解析：根据前面的“mayhavebeenworthquitealotormayhavebeennearly”可知，这里表示“几乎没有价值”，用worthless。）10.simply（解析：副词simply修饰形容词“tooconvenient”，表示“仅仅，只是”。）Passage81.date（解析：datebackto表示“追溯到”，无被动语态，主语是“references”，谓语动词用原形。）2.initially（解析：副词initially修饰动词“used”，表示“最初”。）3.In（解析：inconsequence表示“结果，因此”。）4.beingperformed（解析：beseendoingsth.表示“被看到正在做某事”，且“drums”与“perform”之间是被动关系，所以用be