北京四合院（解析版）-2025中考时文阅读专项训练

23北京四合院

四合院的文化意义

四合院是中国传统建筑的重要形式之一，具有深厚的历史文化意义。在北京这座历史文

化名城中，四合院更是占有着不可替代的地位，既是北京古城区传统居住建筑的代表，又是

中国传统建筑文化的瑰宝之一。

四合院与北京历史文化的关系

北京作为中国古代重要城市，自元朝以来就成为了中国政治、文化、经济中心之一。在

历经数百年的演变发展中，北京形成了独具特色的历史文化风貌，四合院就是其中的重要代

表之一。四合院建筑始于元代，至明清时期达到鼎盛，是北京历史文化的重要组成部分。

首先，四合院是北京历史文化的重要见证。四合院在北京的历史发展过程中扮演了重要

的角色，是北京传统居住建筑的代表之一，记录了北京人民几百年来的生活和文化，是北京

历史文化的见证。四合院中所体现的社会结构、生活方式、文化特征等，都具有非常重要的

历史价值，为后人研究了解北京古代文化提供了重要资料。

其次，四合院是北京文化的重要代表。北京是中国的文化中心之一，拥有悠久的文化历

史和独特的文化传统。四合院建筑既融合了汉族传统建筑的风格特征，也吸收了外来文化的

精华，形成了独特的北京风格，是北京文化的重要代表之一。在四合院的建筑结构、建筑材

料、装饰艺术等方面，都体现了北京文化的独特魅力。

北京四合院作为中国传统建筑的代表之一，具有深厚的历史文化底蕴和建筑艺术价值。

作为北京历史文化的重要组成部分，四合院不仅体现了城市化进程中的建筑演变和文化传承,

同时也承载了传统文化的精神内涵，成为了当代人们重要的文化资源和精神财富。

一、阅读理解

A

©WalkinginthehutongsofBeijing,you'llseeayardwiththehousesandwallsonthe

foursides.Itiscalled"Siheyuan”,atraditionalbuildinginChina.meanseast,west,southand

northand"he"showsthetraditionalvaluesofChinesefamilies.

@Thebiggatewaspaintedred,becauseredisthesymbolofluckandhappiness.Behind

thegate,alargescreenwallwouldstand.InthecenteroftheSiheyuan,thecourtyardwasplanted

withtreesandflowers,withtwostonypathsleadingtothehousesoneachside.

（3）Thewholebuildingusuallyfacessouth,withamainroomonthenorthernside,an

oppositeroominthesouth,andeasternandwesternwings（厢房）oneachside.Theoldusually

liveinthemainroomwhichhasgoodlightingandtemperatureallyearround,whiletheyoung

wouldliveinotherwings.

④Today,influencedbysocialchanges,mosthouseshavebeentakendownwhilethe

othersthatremaintillthesedaysaremostlyimprovedtomakethemfitfortoday'smodemliving.

ThismakesSiheyuanavaluablememoryoftheoldBeijingcity.

©Luckily,architects（建筑!）市）havebeentryingtoachieveaperfectmixofthemodern

andthetraditionalculture.Forexample,theplacewhereathletesstayedduringthe2022Winter

OlympicsinBeijingweredesignedintheshapeofSiheyuan.

⑥Siheyuan'ssymmetry（对称的）designandsharedspacesshowthevaluesdeepin

Chinesepeople'shearts,suchasbeliefinbalanceandtheimportanceoffamilyandrespectfor

olderpeople.Nomatterhowsocietyhaschanged,SiheyuanisalwaysseenasasymbolofChina's

richculture.WhenyoucometoBeijing,dovisitaSiheyuantofeeltheheartoftheBeijing's

culture!

1.Inwhatcolumn（栏目）canyoureadthepassageinthenewspaper?

A.Natureandanimal.B.Foodandhealth.C.Scienceand

technology.D.Travelandculture.

2.WhichpositionshowswheretheoldpeopleliveinSiheyuan?

A.①B.（2）C.（3）D.（4）

3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A."Si"meansfourdirectionsand"he"meanswealthandhappiness.

B.ThebiggateofSiheyuanisusuallypaintedred,greenandblack.

C.MostoftheSiheyuanaren'tkeptwellbecauseofsocialchanges.

D.Siheyuanshowstheimportanceoffamilyandcarefortheyoung.

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthispassage?

A.

B.

C.

D.

【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A

【知识点】景点/建筑、说明文、中华文化

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四合院。

1.推理判断题。根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了四合院，属于中国文化的一部分，由此可

推知可以在“旅游和文化”栏目读到此文。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Thewholebuildingusuallyfacessouth,withamainroomonthe

northernside...Theoldusuallyliveinthemainroom”可知，整栋建筑通常朝南，北侧有一个主

屋，老人通常住在主屋。根据图上指南针可知，北侧的是②。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据第四段“influencedbysocialchanges,mosthouseshavebeentakendown”

可知，受社会变化的影响，大多数房屋都被拆除了，即由于社会的变化，四合院的大部分没

有得到很好的保护。故选C。

4.篇章结构题。根据文章可知，第一段介绍了什么是四合院，第二三段介绍了四合院的外

形，第四五段介绍了四合院的发展，最后一段介绍了四合院的文化价值，文章结构是

①/②③/④⑤/⑥。故选A。

B

BeijingsiheyuanisatraditionalhouseinChina."Si"meansthefourdirections（方向）一east,

west,southandnorth."He”meansthatthehousesislikeaChinesecharacter"口”.Beijing

siheyuanhasahistoryofover800years.

Thehousesarebuiltinaspecialway.Siheyuanhasfourparts.Themainhouse,theside

houses,thereverse-facinghouse（彳到座房）andthescreenwall.Theyareconnected（连接）with

wallsandformasquarecourtyard（庭院）inthecentre.

Thehouseonthenorthisthemainhouse.Thehousesontheeastsideandthewestsideare

sidehouses.Thehouseonthesouthisthereverse-facinghouse.Themainhouseisusuallyforthe

oldortheheadofthefamily.Themainhouseisoftenbiggerandbetterthantheotherhouses.The

roomsinthemainhousearebigandbright.Thesidehousesarefortheyoung.Thekitchenandthe

studyareofteninthereverse-facinghouse.Youcancookorreadthere.

Thereisonlyonegateoutside.Behindthegateisthescreenwall.Chinesepeopleusually

makethescreenwallverybeautiful.Theythinkthatthescreenwallcankeepthemawayfrombad

luck.Siheyuanhelpsabigfamilylivetogetherhappily.

5.Howmanypartsdoesasiheyuanhousehave?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

6.Wheredoyoungpeopleliveinasiheyuanhouse?

A.Themainhouse.B.Thesidehouses.

C.Thereverse-facinghouse.D.Behindthegate.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“study"mean?

A.Aroomforreading.B.Aroomforcooking.

C.Aroomforplaying.D.Aroomforhavingmeals.

8.WhyChinesepeoplemakethescreenwall?

A.Becausetheythinkitisbehindthegate.

B.Becausetheythinkitisverybeautiful.

C.Becausetheythinkitcanhelpthemlivetogether.

D.Becausetheythinkitcankeepthemawayfrombadluck.

9.Whafsthebesttitle（标题）ofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryofsiheyuanB.Howtobuildasiheyuan

C.BeijingsiheyuanD.AtraditionalhouseinChina

【答案】5.C6.B7.A8.D9.C

【知识点】景点/建筑、说明文、中华文化

【导语】本文主要介绍了北京四合院的一些知识。

5.细节理解题。根据“Siheyuanhasfourparts.”可知，四合院有四个部分。故选C。

6.细节理解题。根据“Thesidehousesarefbrtheyoung.”可知，厢房是给年轻人住的。故选B。

7.词句猜测题。根据“Youcancookorreadthere.“可知，可以阅读的地方应是书房；“study”

表示“读书的房间”。故选A。

8.细节理解题。根据"Chinesepeopleusuallymakethescreenwallverybeautiful.Theythinkthat

thescreenwallcankeepthemawayfrombadluck."可知，中国人通常把屏风墙做得很漂亮。他

们认为它可以让他们远离厄运。故选D。

9.最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了北京四合院的一些知识；选项C“北京四合

院”，符合文意。故选C。

C

PeoplesaythattherealcultureofBeijingliesinthecultureofhutongandsiheyuan.How

trueitis!10

Hutongisthenameofasmallstreetbetweenrowsofsiheyuan.Inthepast,therewere

hundredsofsiheyuanaroundtheForbiddenCity.11Itbecameverycommonduringthe

MingandQingDynasties.Itissaidthatby1949therewereasmanyas3,250hutongs.Butastime

wentby,thenumberfellgreatly.12Nowtherearenomorethan1,000andmostofthem

haveturnedintotouristattractionswithstreetfood,shopsandbars.

Inahutong,housesstayclosetooneanother,soitiseasyforlocalpeopletokeepintouch

withtheirneighbors.Youcanseepublicbathrooms,toiletsandshopssellingallkindsofthings

there.13Itisthemainwayforpeopletoimprovetheirrelationships.Whenyouenterthe

hutong,youcanfeelthedeepandwarmrelationshipsamongpeople.14

IfyouwanttoexplorethecultureandexperienceeatingandshoppinginBeijing,youshould

nevermissahutongtour.

A.In2003,only1,500wereleft.

B.Fewpeoplelikelivinghutongs.

C.Chattinghappilyisacommonscene.

D.HutongfirstappearedintheYuanDynasty.

E.TheyshowtheoldlifestyleofpeoplelivinginBeijing.

F.Youcanhardlyfindthisfeelinginotherplacesinthismodernworld.

【答案】10.E11.D12.A13.C14.F

【知识点】中华文化

【导语】本文主要讲了北京的主要文化——胡同和四合院的历史和特点。

10.根据“PeoplesaythattherealcultureofBeijingliesinthecultureofhutongandsiheyuan.

Howtrueitis!”可知，北京真正的文化在于胡同和四合院文化。选项E”它们展示了住在北京

的人们的传统的生活方式”正是对上句提到的两种文化的解释，故选Eo

11.根据"ItbecameverycommonduringtheMingandQingDynasties.”可知，在明清时期，胡

同很普遍。故选项D“胡同首先出现在元代”讲胡同的历史，与下句相符合。故选D。

12.根据“Butastimewentby,thenumberfellgreatly.”可知，随着时间流逝，数量变少了很多。

故选项A“在2003年，仅剩下1500个了。”正是它数量变少的一个例子。故选A。

13.根据"Itisthemainwayforpeopletoimprovetheirrelationships.”可知，这种公共区域是人

们改善邻里关系的重要方式。故选项C“愉快地聊天是常见的场景”是邻里关系的一个表现，

与下句相符。故选C。

14.根据“Whenyouenterthehutong,youcanfeelthedeepandwannrelationshipsamong

people.”可知，在胡同中，你能感到人们之间那种深深的，温暖的关系。故选项F“在这个现

代世界的其他地方，你很难找到这种感觉。”与上句呼应。故选F。

D

还原句子阅读短文，从所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案写在答题

卡（纸）的相应位置。其中有一个多余的选项。

AsiheyuanisakindoftraditionalhomeforChinesepeople.SiheyuaninBeijingarethe

mostcommonones.

Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.15

SiheyuanfollowConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（尊重权威）andthe

elderly.16Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwesthousesarefor

thesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthbuildingisclosesttothegate.Itisusually

forservants（仆人）orguests.

Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,siheyuan

alsobecamelikebigneighborhoodsformanydifferentfamilies.17

Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan.18Nearly1,000ofthese

buildingswillbefeatured（被记录）inTheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）.

A.Theysharedhappyandsadtimesinthesamecourtyard.

B.FamilymemberwithbadrelationshipwholiveinSiheyuanwillbecomeclose.

C.Therearefourbuildingsaroundthecourtyard.

D.Inordertoprotect（保护）them,thegovernmentdidacensus（普查）.

E.Thenorthmainhousegetsthemostsunshine.

【答案】15.C16.E17.A18.D

【知识点】景点/建筑、中华文化

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统建筑四合院。

15.根据前文“Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.”和后文

“SiheyuanfollowConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（尊重权威）andthe

elderly....Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwesthousesareforthe

secondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthbuildingisclosesttothegate.Itisusuallyfor

servants（仆人）orguests.”可知，此处应该与四合院四周建筑的构成有关，C选项“院子周围

有四栋建筑。”符合语境。故选C。

16.根据前文“Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.”和后文

“Theeastandwesthousesareforthesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthbuildingis

closesttothegate.Itisusuallyforservants（4bA）orguests.”可知，此处应该介绍的四合院的北

边建筑，E选项“北主屋得到最多的阳光。”符合语境。故选E。

17.根据前文“Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,

siheyuanalsobecamelikebigneighborhoodsformanydifferentfamilies.”可矢口，止匕处与居住在四

合院大的邻里关系有关，A选项“他们在同一个院子里分享快乐和悲伤的时光。”符合语境。

故选Ao

18.根据"Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan."和后文"Nearly1,000of

thesebuildingswillbefeatured（被记录）inTheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）

可知，此处与统计四合院数量有关，D选项“为了保护他们，政府进行了一个普查。”符合语

境。故选D。

E

Oldwaysofliving

SiheyuanisakindoftraditionalhomeforChinesepeople.ThosesiheyuaninBeijingarethe

mosttypical.

Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.Therearefour

buildingsaroundtheyard.Usually,onesiheyuanisforonefamilytolivein.

SiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（权威）andtheold.The

northernmainhousereceivesthemostsunshine.Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.The

eastandwesthousesareforthesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthernbuildingis

closesttothegate.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）orguests.

Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,siheyuan

alsobecameabigneighborhoodformanydifferentfamilies.Theysharelaughsandcriesinthe

sameyard.

Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan.Inordertoprotectthem,the

governmenthasmadeacensus（普查）.Nearlyathousandofthesebuildingswillbecollectedin

TheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）.

19.Asiheyuanhasinthecenter.

A.asmallcirclecourtyardB.abigsquarecourtyard

C.abigtreeD.manybuildings

20.Dotheeldestmembersofthefamilylivewithothermembersinasiheyuan?

A.Yes,theydo.B.No,theydon't.

C.Itdoesn'tsay.D.Wedon'tknow.

21.Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesin.

A.thenorthernmainhouseB.theeasthouse

C.thewesthouseD.thesouthernhouse

22.Thebuildingisclosesttothegate.

A.northernB.eastC.westD.southern

23.Livinginasiheyuanhelpsto.

A.savemoney

B.keepeveryfamilymemberclose

C.keepeachfamilymemberindependent

D.keepeveryneighborclose

【答案】19.B20.A21.A22.D23.B

【知识点】房屋与住所、说明文、中华文化

【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了代表中国传统居住特点的四合院，讲述了其建筑特

点、风格和传承的思想。

19.细节理解题。根据“Asiheyuanhasabigsquarecourtyardinthecenter.”可知，四合院中间

有一个大的正方形院子。故选B。

20.推理判断题。根据"Usually,onesiheyuanisforonefamilytolivein.”可推断，通常一家人

都在一个四合院住，老人也和他们一起住。故选A。

21.细节理解题。根据“Thenorthernmainhousereceivesthemostsunshine.Theeldestmember

ofthefamilylivesthere.”可知，家里年长的人住在北边主屋。故选A。

22.细节理解题。根据“Thesouthernbuildingisclosesttothegate.”可知，南边的建筑离大门

最近。故选D。

23.细节理解题。根据"Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.”可知,住

在一个四合院里有助于保持每个家庭成员的亲密。故选B。

F

IfyouwanttoknowrealBeijing,walkalongthestreetsofBeijingandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.

Atypicalsiheyuanhasabigsquarecourtyard（院子）withfourbuildingsonallfoursides.

Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.ThedesignofasiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasof

respectingauthority（权威）andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sothe

eldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenand

grandchildren.Thesouthernbuildingisclosesttothedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）or

guests.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformasstrongfamilybond（纽带）.Everyfamily

memberstaysclosebysharinglaughsandcriestogether.

Butnowadays（如今）,youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,butthere

aremanymodern,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdropped

from40,000intheQingDynastyto3,000today.Inordertoprotectsiheyuan,thegovernment

（政府）willdosomething.

24.WherecanyoumostlyseesiheyuaninChina?

A.InnorthernChina.B.InsouthernChina.C.IneasternChina.D.InwesternChina.

25.Whocanliveinthenorthernmainhouse?

A.Theold.B.ChildrenC.ServantsD.Guests

26.Whathappenstosiheyuannowadays?

A.TherearemanysiheyuaninBeijing.B.Thereare40,000siheyuaninBeijing.

C.Siheyuanisbecominglessandless.D.Thegovernmentwillbuildmoresiheyua.

27.Whatmaythewritertalkaboutafterthelastparagraph?

A.Whoownsasiheyuan.B.Howtobuyasiheyuan.

C.Howtoprotectsiheyuan.D.Talkaboutmodernbuildings.

【答案】24.A25.A26.C27.C

【知识点】城市、记叙文、中华文化、文化保护、景点/建筑

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章向我们介绍了我们美丽的传统建筑——四合院。

24.细节理解题。根据"Astraditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.“可知

四合院主要分布在中国的北部，故选A。

25.细节理解题。根据“Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sotheeldestmemberof

thefamilylivesthere.”可知北面的主房可以得到最多的阳光，所以家庭中最年迈的人住在那，

故选Ao

26.细节理解题。根据"ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdroppedfrom40,000intheQing

Dynastyto3,000today.”可知北京四合院的数量已经从清朝的4万间减少到今天的3000间，

故选Co

27.推理判断题。根据"Butnowadays,youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,

buttherearemanymodem,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.”可知这些传统的美丽的建筑正在大量

减少，所以推测接下来作者应该谈论如何保护这些四合院，故选C。

二、任务型阅读

阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

IfyouwanttoknowrealBeijing,walkalongthestreetsofBeijingandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.Atypicalsiheyuanhasabig

squarecourtyard（院子）withfourbuildingsonallfoursides.Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.

ThedesignofasiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（敬畏权威）

andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sotheeldestfamilylivesthere.The

eastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenandgrandchildren.Thesouthernbuildingisclosestto

thedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）orguests.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoform

（形成）astrongfamilybond（纽带）.Everyfamilymemberstaysclosebysharinglaughsandcries

together.

Butnowadays,youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,butthereare

manymodern,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdroppedfrom

40,000intheQingDynastyto3,000today.Toprotectsiheyuan,thegovernment（政府）willdo

something.

28.Whereissiheyuanmostlyseen?

29.Whydoestheeldestfamilyliveinthenorthernmainhouse?

30.Whoisthesouthernbuildingusuallyfor?

31.Whatisgoodaboutlivingunderthesameroof?

32.Willthenumberofsiheyuankeepdropping?Why?

【答案】28.InnorthernChina.29.Becausethenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine.

30.Itisusuallyforservantsorguests.31.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformastrong

familybond.32.No,itwon't.Becausethegovernmentwilldosomethingtoprotectit.

【知识点】景点/建筑、说明文、中华文化

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美丽的传统建筑——四合院；四合院的设计遵

循了儒家尊老敬老的思想；但随着时代的发展，很多传统建筑被现代建筑所取代，导致保存

下来的四合院不多了。

28.根据第一段"Astraditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina."可知，作为

传统建筑，四合院多见于中国北方。故填InnorthernChina.

29.根据第一段“Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sotheeldestfamilylivesthere.^^

可知，北边的主屋日照最多，所以最年长的一家就住在那里。故填Becausethenorthernmain

housegetsthemostsunshine.

30.根据第——段“Thesouthernbuildingisclosesttothedoorway.Itisusuallyforservantsor

guests.”可知，南房离门口最近，通常是为仆人或客人准备的。故填Itisusuallyforservantsor

guests.

31.根据第一段"Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformastrongfamilybond.”可知，住在同

一屋檐下有助于形成牢固的家庭纽带。故填Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformastrong

familybond.

32.根据最后一段“Toprotectsiheyuan,thegovernmentwilldosomething.”可知，为了保护四

合院，政府会做点事情；据此可知，四合院的数量不会继续下降，因为政府会想方设法来保

护传统的建筑。故填No,itwon't.Becausethegovernmentwilldosomethingtoprotectit.

三、短文填空

根据下面短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。

IfyouwanttofeelthesenseofrealBeijing,walkoffthemainstreetsandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanaremostlyseeninn33China.Atypicalsiheyuanhasabig

squarecourtyardw34fourbuildingsonallfoursides.Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.

Thedesignofasiheyuanf35Confucian(儒家的)ideasofrespectingauthority(权威)

andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,s36theeldestmemberof

thefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenandgrandchildren.The

southernbuildingisclosesttothedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants(彳卜人)orguests.Living

underthesameroofhelpstoformass37familybond(纽带).Everyfamilymemberstays

closebys38laughsandcriestogether*.Later,siheyuandevelopedintoneighborhoodsfor

manydiffe