2024-2025学年陕西省渭南市大荔县高二上学期期末学业水平评估英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省渭南市大荔县2024-2025学年高二上学期期末学业水平评估英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerearetheintroductionsandachievementsoffourscientists.JönsJacobBerzeliusJönsJacobBerzeliuswasaSwedishchemist,oftenreferredtoasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry.Hedevelopedasystemofchemicalsymbols,whichlaidthefoundationfortheestablishmentofthemodernperiodictable.Berzeliusalsomadeimportantdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectrochemistry.NielsHenrikDavidBohrNielsHenrikDavidBohrwasaDanishphysicist.Heproposedtheatomic(原子的)modelknownastheBohrmodel,whichexplainedthebehaviorofelectronsmovinginfixedenergylevelsororbitsaroundtheatomicnucleus.Hismodelhelpedexplainthespectraofelementsandlaidthegroundworkforfurtherdevelopmentsinatomicphysics.RobertBoyleRobertBoyle,borninIreland,wasregardedasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry,knownforBoyle’slaw.Boyle’slawdescribestherelationshipbetweenthepressureandvolume(体积)ofagasatconstanttemperature.Boyle’sworklaidthefoundationforthemodernunderstandingofgasbehaviorandpromotedthedevelopmentofscientificexperimentalmethods.WilliamLawrenceBraggWilliamLawrenceBraggwasaBritishphysicistborninAustraliawhomadesignificantcontributionstoX-raycrystallography(晶体学).TogetherwithhisfatherWilliamHenryBragg,hedevelopedthefamousBragg’slaw.Thisdiscoveryrevolutionizedthefieldofcrystallographyandpavedthewayfordeterminingtheatomicandmolecularstructuresofvarioussubstances,includingDNAandproteins.1.WhatdowesayaboutJönsJacobBerzelius?A.Heinventedanewchemicalsubstance.B.Heestablishedthemodernperiodictable.C.Hewasreferredtoasafounderofmodernphysics.D.Hemadeimportantachievementsinthefieldofelectrochemistry.2.WhowasborninIreland?A.JonsJacobBerzelius. B.NielsHenrikDavidBohr.C.RobertBoyle. D.WilliamLawrenceBragg.3.WhatdoNielsHenrikDavidBohrandWilliamLawrenceBragghaveincommon?A.TheywereborninDenmark. B.Theymadeacontributiontophysics.C.Theydiscoverednewmodelsforchemistry. D.Theydidresearchtogetherwiththeirfamily.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个科学家和他们的成就。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据JönsJacobBerzelius标题下的“JönsJacobBerzeliuswasaSwedishchemist,oftenreferredtoasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry.Hedevelopedasystemofchemicalsymbols,whichlaidthefoundationfortheestablishmentofthemodernperiodictable.Berzeliusalsomadeimportantdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectrochemistry.(Jöns雅各布·贝采里乌斯是一位瑞典化学家，通常被认为是现代化学的创始人之一。他发展了一套化学符号系统，为现代元素周期表的建立奠定了基础。贝采里乌斯在电化学领域也有重要发现。)”可知，他在电化学方面做出了重要发现。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据RobertBoyle标题下的“RobertBoyle,borninIreland,wasregardedasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry,knownforBoyle’slaw.(罗伯特·波义耳，出生于爱尔兰，被认为是现代化学的奠基人之一，以波义耳定律而闻名。)”可知，罗伯特·波义耳出生在爱尔兰。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据NielsHenrikDavidBohr标题下的“Hismodelhelpedexplainthespectraofelementsandlaidthegroundworkforfurtherdevelopmentsinatomicphysics.(他的模型有助于解释元素的光谱，并为原子物理学的进一步发展奠定了基础。)”和最后一段WilliamLawrenceBragg标题下的“WilliamLawrenceBraggwasaBritishphysicistborninAustraliawhomadesignificantcontributionstoX-raycrystallography(晶体学).TogetherwithhisfatherWilliamHenryBragg,hedevelopedthefamousBragg’slaw.Thisdiscoveryrevolutionizedthefieldofcrystallographyandpavedthewayfordeterminingtheatomicandmolecularstructuresofvarioussubstances,includingDNAandproteins.(威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格是一位出生于澳大利亚的英国物理学家，他与父亲威廉·亨利·布拉格一起发展了著名的布拉格定律，对X射线晶体学做出了重大贡献。这一发现彻底改变了晶体学领域，为确定包括DNA和蛋白质在内的各种物质的原子和分子结构铺平了道路。)”可知，他们都对物理做出了贡献。故选B。BWhenIwasaboytherewerenosmartphones,computersweresomethingyousawonSTARTREK,andourtelevisiononlygotonechannelclearly.Still,Iwasneverbored.Thefields,hills,andwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundswhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.Icanrememberoncehikingtoanearbylakeandslowlywalkingaroundit.AtthebacksideofitIwasamazedtofindanold,onelane,dirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Iimmediatelysetouttotravelit.Itwasfullofmuddytiretracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstillseemedlikeafineadventure.Iwalkedonandonforwhatseemedlikehours.IamsuremyguardianangelwaswhisperinginmyeartoturnaroundandheadbackhomebutIwasstubbornandevenabitstupid,soIwalkedon.Thedirtroadgavewaytoagraveloneandthenapavedone,yettherewasstillneitheracarnorahouseinsight.Mylegsweregettingtired.InoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodownandIgrewscared.Ididn’twanttoenduptrappedonthisroadinthedarkofnight,butIwassureitwouldbedarkbeforeIcouldmakemywaybacktothelakeagain.Icontinuedtowalkonwiththesomethinggrowinginsideofme.Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIturnedonelastcurveandsawsomethinginthedistance.ItwasahousethatIrecognized.Myheartleaptup!Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud.Iknewthewayhome!ItwasstilloveramileawaybutmylegsfeltlikefeathersandIhurriedbacktomyhouse.Iwalkedinwithabigsmileonmyfacejustintimefordinner.ThenIendedmyadventurewithagoodnight’ssleep.Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.TheycanleadustoourhomeshereonEarth.Theycanleadustoourhomesinourhearts.Mayyoualwayswalkyourpathwithlove.Mayyoualwayshelpyourfellowtravelersalongtheway.AndmayyourroadsalwaysleadyouHomeagain.4.Whydidtheauthorhardlyfeelboredwhenhewasyoung?A.HecouldwatchTVallday. B.Hecouldhavefuninnature.C.Hehadmanyfriendstoplaywith. D.Heusedtoexploretheolddirtroad.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewasexploringthedirtroad?A.Hewascontradictoryinmind.B.Hewasunconsciousofdanger.C.Hewasworriedtobetrappedinthewoods.D.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhisparents.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inParagraph3probablyreferto?A.Doubt. B.Hope. C.Fear. D.Courage.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.EveryEffortIsWorthwhile B.BeBravetoExploreC.BeDeterminedinYourLife D.AllRoadsLeadHome【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候在回家的路上选择了一条冒险的小路，最终在天黑以前到家的故事。由此作者感慨：这辈子所有的路不管怎样波折最终都会引导着我们回家。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Still,Iwasneverbored.Thefields,hills,andwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundswhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.(不过，我从不觉得无聊。我家周围的田野、山丘和林地都是完美的游乐场，我的想象力限制了它们的冒险。)”可知，作者年轻时很少感到无聊是因为他可以在大自然中享受乐趣。故选B项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Iwalkedonandonforwhatseemedlikehours.IamsuremyguardianangelwaswhisperinginmyeartoturnaroundandheadbackhomebutIwasstubbornandevenabitstupid,soIwalkedon.(我走啊走，好像走了好几个小时。我确信我的守护天使在我耳边低语，让我转身回家，但我很固执，甚至有点愚蠢，所以我继续往前走。)”可推知，作者在探索这条土路的时候思想是矛盾的。故选A项。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIturnedonelastcurveandsawsomethinginthedistance.(我的心怦怦直跳，双腿疼痛。当我转过最后一个弯，看到远处有什么东西时，我几乎要哭了。)”可知，作者开始害怕，从而推知，划线的“something”指的作者内心的害怕和恐惧。故选C项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.(最近我经常想起那次经历。其实，在我们的生活中，所有的道路，无论多么曲折，都可以把我们带回家。)”可知，文章讲述了作者小时候在回家的路上选择了一条冒险的小路，最终在天黑以前到家的故事。由此作者感慨：这辈子所有的路不管怎样波折最终都会引导着我们回家。故文章最好的标题是“所有的道路都能引导你回家”。故选D项。CInourdailyschedulesandbusylives,therearemomentswhenwetendtothinkaboutwhereweareheadinginlife.Canwesaythatwearelivingasuccessfullife,orevenheadingtowardone?Howtoachievesuccessinlifeactuallydependsonwhatsuccessmeanstoyou.Mostpeoplethinkofsuccessasgettingahighly-paidjob.Butwhattheyareforgettingisthatajobisjustameanstomakeyourlifeeasier.Whatisthepointofearningalotofmoneyifyoudon’tgetthetimeforpeoplewhoaremostimportanttoyouinlife?Afterall,youareearningforthemandyourselfonly,right?Inaddition,itisverydifficulttokeepabalanceforthosewhoarealwayslookingformoreandareneverhappywiththemselvescurrently.Itbecomes,therefore,necessarytobethankfulforallthatyouhaveachievedinlifeandbeproudofyourself.Anotherkeyistonotonlybeconfidentbutalsorespectwhatotherssay.Apersonwhorespectshiseldersandvaluestheiradvicealwaysbecomesmoresuccessfulinlifecomparedtothosewithoverconfidence.Mostofustendtofocusonthingsthatwedon’thave.Forexample,youmightbesadthatyouaren’tthemanagerofyourcompany.However,youdon’tunderstandthefactthattheremaybethousandsofpeoplewhoaredyingtobeintheplacewhereyouarerightnow.Attimescountingthecoinsinyourhandisbetterthanregrettingthatyoudidn’tgetagoldmine.Obviously,lifeistomoveforward.Butthenintheend,itistheexperienceyougetfromthejourneyoflifethatmatters,notthedestinationyouareheadingtoward.Successinlifemaybedifferentfordifferentpeople,butlivinghappilyeachandeverymomentisthemainkeytobecomingsuccessfulinlife.Sowhatareyoudoingnowtoliveasuccessfullife?8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofworkandlife?A.Workisasnecessaryaslife.B.Earntoliveanddon’tlivetoearn.C.Ahighly-paidjobmeansasuccessfullife.D.It’shardtokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.9.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theimportanceofkeepingmovingforward.B.Theimportanceofmakinguseofwhatyouown.C.Theimportanceofhavingconfidenceinyourself.D.Theimportanceofbeinggratefulforwhatyouhave.10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestattheendofthetext?A.Beingproudofyourself.B.Livinginthepresenthappily.C.Beingdifferentfromothersinlife.D.Determiningthedestinationofyourlife.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Togiveussometipsonbeingsuccessfulinlife.B.Towarnusnottojustthinkaboutmakingmoney.C.Toencourageustobeconfidentaboutthefuturelife.D.Toshowusdifferentviewsofdifferentpeopleonsuccess.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了成功生活的定义，指出成功不仅在于高薪工作或物质财富，更在于平衡生活、感恩成就、尊重他人及享受每一刻的快乐。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“Mostpeoplethinkofsuccessasgettingahighly-paidjob.Butwhattheyareforgettingisthatajobisjustameanstomakeyourlifeeasier.Whatisthepointofearningalotofmoneyifyoudon’tgetthetimeforpeoplewhoaremostimportanttoyouinlife?Afterall,youareearningforthemandyourselfonly,right?(大多数人认为成功就是找到一份高薪工作。但他们忘记的是，工作只是让你的生活更轻松的一种手段。如果你没有时间陪伴生活中对你最重要的人，那么赚很多钱又有什么意义呢？毕竟，你只为他们和你自己赚钱，对吧？)”可知，作者对于工作和生活的看法是：挣钱是为了生活，而生活并不是为了挣钱。故选B项。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段的“Mostofustendtofocusonthingsthatwedon’thave.Forexample,youmightbesadthatyouaren’tthemanagerofyourcompany.However,youdon’tunderstandthefactthattheremaybethousandsofpeoplewhoaredyingtobeintheplacewhereyouarerightnow.Attimescountingthecoinsinyourhandisbetterthanregrettingthatyoudidn’tgetagoldmine.(我们大多数人倾向于关注我们没有的东西。例如，你可能会因为自己不是公司的经理而感到难过。然而，你不明白这样一个事实，即可能有成千上万的人渴望来到你现在所在的地方。有时候，数着手中的硬币总比后悔没有得到金矿要好)”可知，作者认为，我们不应该总是专注于自己没有的东西，而应该对自己所拥有的一切心怀感激。故选D项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Successinlifemaybedifferentfordifferentpeople,butlivinghappilyeachandeverymomentisthemainkeytobecomingsuccessfulinlife.(生活中的成功对不同的人来说可能不同，但快乐地生活每一刻是人生成功的关键)”可知，作者建议把握现在，快乐地活在当下才是人生成功的关键。故选B项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Howtoachievesuccessinlifeactuallydependsonwhatsuccessmeanstoyou.(如何在生活中取得成功实际上取决于成功对你意味着什。)”和第三段的“Itbecomes,therefore,necessarytobethankfulforallthatyouhaveachievedinlifeandbeproudofyourself.Anotherkeyistonotonlybeconfidentbutalsorespectwhatotherssay.(因此，有必要感谢你在生活中所取得的一切，并为自己感到骄傲。另一个关键是不仅要自信，还要尊重别人说的话)”和第四段的“Attimescountingthecoinsinyourhandisbetterthanregrettingthatyoudidn’tgetagoldmine.(有时候，数着手中的硬币总比后悔没有得到金矿要好)”和文章最后一段“Successinlifemaybedifferentfordifferentpeople,butlivinghappilyeachandeverymomentisthemainkeytobecomingsuccessfulinlife.(生活中的成功对不同的人来说可能不同，但快乐地生活每一刻是人生成功的关键)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何定义成功以及如何在生活中取得成功。作者就如何才能拥有成功的人生给出了一些建议，即：挣钱是为了生活，而生活并不是为了挣钱；对于自己所拥有的一切心存感激，自信并且尊重他人的意见；把握现在，快乐地活在当下，不要过度执着于赚钱。故选A项。DWithfundamentaldevelopmentsinthefieldoftechnology,someexpertsforeseeseriousriskstojobsandemployabilityinthecomingyearsduetotheriseofartificialintelligence(AI).Approximately27%ofjobsareathighriskofautomationduringtheartificialintelligenceera.Lowandmiddle-skilledjobsaremostatrisk,includingconstruction,farming,fishing,forestryand,toalesserextent,productionandtransportation.High-skilledoccupations,despitebeingmoreexposedtorecentprogressinAI,facetheleastriskofautomation.WhiletheadoptionofAIisstillrelativelylow,rapidprogress,fallingtechnologycostsandtheincreasingavailabilityofworkerswithAIskillssuggestthattheworldmaybeontheedgeofanAIrevolution(革命).SofarthereislittleevidenceofanegativeemploymentimpactonfirmsthatadoptAI.WorkersandemployerssaythatAIcanreduceboringanddangeroustasks,leadingtogreateremployeeengagementandphysicalsafety.Nevertheless,arecentsurveyshowedthatthreeinfiveworkersareworriedaboutlosingtheirjobtoAIwithinthenextdecade.Additionally,asimilarnumberofworkersworrythatwageswoulddecreaseduetoAI.MorethanhalfofworkersareconcernedaboutprivacyandthreeinfoursaythatAIhasincreasedworkpace.Inmyopinion,forthebetterprotectionofthelabourmarketandworkersinthecomingyears,governmentsshouldencourageemployerstoprovidemoretraining,integrateAIskillsintoeducationandsupportdiversityintheAIworkforce.ThereisanurgentneedforpolicyactiontoaddressAIrisksintheworkplaceandtoensureaccountabilityforandopennesstoemployment-relateddecisionssupportedbyAI.TherecentspeedupofgenerativeAI-relateddevelopmentsandtoolsmarksatechnologicalwatershed(转折点)withmaterialimplicationsinmanyworkplaces.Longer-termpolicyframeworksfortheuseofAIintheworkplaceshouldbeconsideredandcloserinternationalcooperationshouldbeseentomaximizethebenefitswhileappropriatelymanagingtherisks.12.Whomaybemostaffectedbyautomation?A.Atourguide. B.Abuildingworker. C.Acoffeeproducer. D.Afarmingprofessional.13.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheadoptionofAIintheworkplace?A.Deeplyconcerned. B.Stronglyopposed.C.Carefullyoptimistic. D.Relativelyconservative.14.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph4imply?A.Harmedpersonalprivacy. B.Decreasedjobsatisfaction.C.AI-relatedpositions’popularity. D.Workers’broadconcernoverAI.15.Whatistheauthor’sadviceinthelastparagraph?A.AdoptingpoliciestoregulateAI’simpact. B.LimitingAI’sapplicationintheworkplace.C.PromotingcooperationbetweenAIfirms. D.InvestingmoreinAIeducationincolleges.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讨论了人工智能（AI）对就业的影响及应对措施。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Lowandmiddle-skilledjobsaremostatrisk,includingconstruction,farming,fishing,forestryand,toalesserextent,productionandtransportation.High-skilledoccupations,despitebeingmoreexposedtorecentprogressinAI,facetheleastriskofautomation.(低技能和中等技能的工作面临的风险最大，包括建筑、农业、渔业、林业，以及较小程度上的生产和运输。尽管高技能职业更容易接触到人工智能的最新进展，但它们面临的自动化风险最小。)”可知，低到中等技能的工作面临的风险最大，包括建筑、农业、渔业和林业。由此可判断建筑工人受自动化的影响最大。故选B项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“SofarthereislittleevidenceofanegativeemploymentimpactonfirmsthatadoptAI.WorkersandemployerssaythatAIcanreduceboringanddangeroustasks,leadingtogreateremployeeengagementandphysicalsafety.(到目前为止，几乎没有证据表明采用人工智能的公司会对就业产生负面影响。员工和雇主表示，人工智能可以减少无聊和危险的任务，从而提高员工的敬业度和人身安全。)”及最后一段中“Inmyopinion,forthebetterprotectionofthelabourmarketandworkersinthecomingyears,governmentsshouldencourageemployerstoprovidemoretraining,integrateAIskillsintoeducationandsupportdiversityintheAIworkforce.ThereisanurgentneedforpolicyactiontoaddressAIrisksintheworkplaceandtoensureaccountabilityforandopennesstoemployment-relateddecisionssupportedbyAI.(在我看来，为了在未来几年更好地保护劳动力市场和工人，政府应该鼓励雇主提供更多的培训，将人工智能技能融入教育，并支持人工智能劳动力的多样性。迫切需要采取政策行动，解决工作场所的人工智能风险，并确保对人工智能支持的就业相关决策的问责制和开放性。)”可知，作者对人工智能持谨慎乐观的态度，既看到了其优势，也意识到需要采取措施来应对其带来的挑战。故选C项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Nevertheless,arecentsurveyshowedthatthreeinfiveworkersareworriedaboutlosingtheirjobtoAIwithinthenextdecade.Additionally,asimilarnumberofworkersworrythatwageswoulddecreaseduetoAI.MorethanhalfofworkersareconcernedaboutprivacyandthreeinfoursaythatAIhasincreasedworkpace.(然而，最近的一项调查显示，五分之三的工人担心在未来十年内会被人工智能抢走工作。与此同时，也有相当比例的人担心人工智能会导致工资下降。超过一半的员工担心隐私问题，四分之三的人表示人工智能加快了工作节奏。)”可知，本段中的数据主要展示了工人们对人工智能影响的广泛担忧，包括失业、工资下降、隐私问题和工作节奏加快等。故选D项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Inmyopinion,forthebetterprotectionofthelabourmarketandworkersinthecomingyears,governmentsshouldencourageemployerstoprovidemoretraining,integrateAIskillsintoeducationandsupportdiversityintheAIworkforce.ThereisanurgentneedforpolicyactiontoaddressAIrisksintheworkplaceandtoensureaccountabilityforandopennesstoemployment-relateddecisionssupportedbyAI.TherecentspeedupofgenerativeAI-relateddevelopmentsandtoolsmarksatechnologicalwatershed(转折点)withmaterialimplicationsinmanyworkplaces.Longer-termpolicyframeworksfortheuseofAIintheworkplaceshouldbeconsideredandcloserinternationalcooperationshouldbeseentomaximizethebenefitswhileappropriatelymanagingtherisks.(在我看来，为了在未来几年更好地保护劳动力市场和工人，政府应该鼓励雇主提供更多的培训，将人工智能技能融入教育，并支持人工智能劳动力的多样性。迫切需要采取政策行动，解决工作场所的人工智能风险，并确保对人工智能支持的就业相关决策的问责制和开放性。最近，与生成式人工智能相关的开发和工具的加速标志着一个技术分水岭，在许多工作场所具有重大影响。应考虑在工作场所使用人工智能的长期政策框架，并应开展更密切的国际合作，以在适当管理风险的同时实现利益最大化。)”可知，作者建议制定政策来调控人工智能对就业的影响，包括把人工智能技能纳入教育体系、采取政策行动应对工作场所中的人工智能风险、考虑人工智能在工作场所使用的长期政策框架等。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whentravelinginforeignnations,youhavetoknowtheirwayoflife._____16_____Otherwise,youmaygetyourselfonthewrongside.Thefollowingarethethingsyouneedtoknowwhenorganizingsightseeinginaforeignnation.Knowasmuchaspossibleaboutyourdestinationbeforetravelling.Whatonecountryvaluesmightnotbeacceptedinadifferentcountry.Gettoknowthereligion,language,cultureandthingsthatappearobvious.___17___Travelinthelowseason.Therearetimeswhenpeopledosightseeinginlargenumbers.Duringsuchtimes,youneedtopaylotsofmoneyforyourflight.___18___Youmayalsofindhotelswithfoodandaccommodationarehalftheregularprices.___19___Youwillgettreatedinthewayyouinteractwiththepeoplethatyoumeet.Shareinformationwiththepeopleyoumeet,andyoumaygetaniceexperienceinreturn.Theymayteachyoutheirlanguage,customs,lifestylesandsoon.Besides,youmaylearnhowtheycallcertainfoods.Enjoywithoutreservation.Don’tthinkofthenexttime.___20___Thingschangeprettyfast,andyoumayhaveonlyonechance.Takepartintheactivitiesthelocalsengageinandmakeyourtripamemorableone.A.Benicetopeople.B.Enjoythepresentmoment.C.Writedownyourspendingwhentravelling.D.Itrequiresyoutoseethingsfromadifferentangle.E.Iftherearenotmanytravelers,youcansaveontickets.F.Travelingthere,youcancommunicatebetterwithlocalpeople.G.Itreferstoappreciatingbeautifulnaturalsceneryinthecountry.【答案】16.D17.F18.E19.A20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在国外旅游时需要知道的一些事情，包括了解目的地的宗教、语言、文化等，选择旅游淡季，善待他人，以及尽情享受当下等。【16题详析】根据前句“Whentravelinginforeignnations,youhavetoknowtheirwayoflife.(在国外旅行时，你必须了解他们的生活方式。)”和后句“Otherwise,youmaygetyourselfonthewrongside.(否则，你可能会站在错误的一边。)”可知，不了解他们的生活方式会带来不好的结果，所以需要从不同的角度看问题。D选项“Itrequiresyoutoseethingsfromadifferentangle.(这需要你从不同的角度看问题。)”符合语境。故选D。【17题详析】根据前文“Knowasmuchaspossibleaboutyourdestinationbeforetravelling.(旅行前尽可能多地了解你的目的地。)”和“Gettoknowthereligion,language,cultureandthingsthatappearobvious.(去了解那里的宗教、语言、文化和一些显而易见的东西。)”可知，这里进一步介绍了解目的地的好处。F选项“Travelingthere,youcancommunicatebetterwithlocalpeople.(去那里旅行，你可以更好地与当地人交流。)”符合语境。故选F。【18题详析】根据前句“Duringsuchtimes,youneedtopaylotsofmoneyforyourflight.(在这样的时期，你需要为你的航班支付很多钱。)”可知，这里与上文形成对比，说明在旅游淡季旅行的好处。E选项“Iftherearenotmanytravelers,youcansaveontickets.(如果游客不多，你可以节省机票钱。)”符合语境。故选E。【19题详析】空白处位于段首，为该段的主旨句，根据后句“Youwillgettreatedinthewayyouinteractwiththepeoplethatyoumeet.(你将以你与之互动的人的方式受到对待。)”可知，空白处应与“对待他人”有关。A选项“Benicetopeople.(善待他人。)”符合语境。故选A。【20题详析】根据前句“Don’tthinkofthenexttime.(不要考虑下一次。)可知，空白处应说明不考虑下一次的原因是应该享受当下。B选项“Enjoythepresentmoment.(享受当下。)”符合语境。故选B。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguagemaybethesmile.Asmilecanopendoorsandteardownwallsamong____21____.Ihadorganizedandreorganizedan____22____withthedentistformonths.Ialso____23____ittwiceandcalledthedaybeforeto____24____allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray.ThenIarrived,itwasn’t____25____atall.Theladywithaconfusedlookthereevenwasn’t____26____whatIwastalkingabout.I____27____feltmybloodboil.Iwasgettingso____28____.Ididn’tshoutatherbutthe____29____Iwastalkingtoherwasnotnice.Ispoketoherasifshewereachildandincapable.Itwasnotagoodmoment.Thewholetimeshesmiledandwas_____30_____tome.Onlywheneverythingwasfinally_____31_____wasInice.Isatdowninthewaitingareaand_____32_____itall.HowcouldImakeitbetter?HowcouldImakeupformy_____33_____behaviouramomentago?Icouldn’t.IcouldgiftherachocolatebarIhadonme,butthisneededmorethanthat,itneededanhonest_____34_____andthatwasexactlywhatIgave.IapologizedforthewayIhadspokentoherandtoldheritwaswrongofmetodothat,sheaccepted.Againwitha_____35_____.It’struethatthesmilemademyangerdisappearandopenedadoortounderstanding.21.A.friends B.relatives C.patients D.strangers22.A.interview B.operation C.appointment D.experiment23.A.arranged B.confirmed C.discussed D.admitted24.A.ensure B.approve C.conclude D.apply25.A.crowded B.open C.ready D.busy26.A.ignorantof B.awareof C.eagerfor D.fitfor27.A.immediately B.roughly C.privately D.mildly28.A.humorous B.sad C.mad D.curious29.A.habit B.tune C.accent D.way30.A.rude B.appealing C.friendly D.devoted31.A.figured B.added C.made D.settled32.A.reflectedon B.workedat C.calledat D.wentthrough33.A.unnecessary B.impossible C.impolite D.unfair34.A.apology B.promise C.comment D.suggestion35.A.hope B.smile C.doubt D.belief【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.C26.A27.A28.C29.D30.C31.D32.A33.C34.A35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者因为牙医诊所没有准备好作者的预约而对那里的一位女士发脾气，但那位女士全程微笑以待，后来作者意识到自己行为欠妥，向女士道了歉。微笑让作者平息了怒气，学会了理解。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：微笑可以打开陌生人之间的门，推倒陌生人之间的墙。A.friends朋友；B.relatives亲戚；C.patients病人；D.strangers陌生人。根据下文讲述的作者和牙医诊所里的女士之间发生的事情可知，这里指的是陌生人之间。故选D。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我安排并确认与牙医的预约好几个月了。A.interview面试，采访；B.operation手术；C.appointment预约，约会；D.experiment实验。根据空后的“withthedentist”可知，这里指和牙医的预约。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还确认了两次，并在前一天打了电话，以确保所有进行X光检查的文书工作都已准备好。A.arranged安排；B.confirmed确认，证实；C.discussed讨论；D.admitted承认。根据空后的“ittwiceandcalledthedaybeforeto________allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray”可知，对于和牙医的预约，作者确认了两次。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.ensure确保；B.approve同意，批准；C.conclude作出结论；D.apply应用。根据空前的“calledthedaybeforeto”和空后的“allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray”可知，作者在去诊所前一天还打电话，以确保一切就绪。故选A。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我到了，它根本没有准备好。A.crowded拥挤的；B.open打开的；C.ready准备好的；D.busy忙的。根据上文中的“allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-ray”可知，这里是原词复现，指事情都没有准备好。故选C。【26题详析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：那位满脸疑惑的女士甚至不是不知道我在说什么。A.ignorantof不知道；B.awareof意识到；C.eagerfor渴望；D.fitfor适合。根据上文“Theladywithaconfusedlookthere”可知，那位女士一脸困惑，说明不知道作者在说什么。故选A。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我立刻感到怒火中烧。A.immediately立即；B.roughly大约；C.privately私下地；D.mildly轻微地，温和地。根据空后“feltmybloodboil”可知，作者明明提前预约并且确认了，结果到那里后发现什么都没准备好，作者应该是感到怒火中烧。故选A。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我快气死了。A.humorous幽默的；B.sad悲伤的；C.mad生气的；D.curious好奇的。根据上文“feltmybloodboil”和下文“Ididn’tshoutatherbutthe________Iwastalkingtoherwasnotnice.”可知，作者到诊所后发现什么都没有准备好，非常生气。故选C。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有对她大喊大叫，但我还不如这样做，因为我和她说话的方式不好。A.habit习惯；B.tune曲调；C.accent口音；D.way方法，方式。根据下文的“Iapologizedfortheway”可知，我和她说话的方式不好。故选D。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一直微笑着，对我很友好。A.rude粗鲁的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.friendly友好的；D.devoted全心全意的。根据句中的“shesmiled”可知，这位女士面对作者的不友好语气，全程微笑以待，友好面对作者。故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有当一切最终妥善解决时，我才友好起来。A.figured认为，计算；B.added添加，补充；C.made制作；D.settled妥善处理。根据空前的“everythingwasfinally”和下文中的“wasInice”说明作者的事情最终得到妥善解决了。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：坐在等候区，思考着这一切。A.reflectedon认真思考；B.workedat致力于；C.calledat停靠；D.wentthrough经历，通过。根据下文的“HowcouldImakeitbetter?HowcouldImakeupformy________behaviouramomentago?”可知，作者思考刚才发生的事情。故选A。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我怎样才能弥补我刚才的不礼貌行为？A.unnecessary不必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.impolite不礼貌的；D.unfair不公平的。根据空后的“behaviouramomentago”并结合上文作者语气不善地对女士说话可知，这里指作者刚才的不礼貌行为。故选C。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以送她一块我随身带的巧克力棒，但这需要的不仅仅是这个，它需要一个诚实的道歉，而这正是我给她的。A.apology道歉；B.promise承诺；C.comment评论；D.suggestion建议。根据下文中的“Iapologized”可知，这里指作者认为自己需要道歉。故选A。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次带着微笑。A.hope希望；B.smile微笑；C.doubt怀疑；D.belief信仰。根据句中的Again和上文中的“Thewholetimeshesmiled”可知，这位女士再次报以微笑。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Shark’sFinandSichuanPepper(《鱼翅与花椒》)isabookonChinesecuisinebyBritishwriterFuchsiaDunlop,___36___hasspentabout15yearsexploringChinaanditsdiversefoodculture.Thebook___37___(consist)of16chapters,eachfeaturingapracticalrecipe.DunlopexplorersChinesefoodfromtheremoteGansucountryside___38___thehistoriccityofYangzhou.Ratherthan___39___(mere)presentingthefood,sheimmersesherselfintastingitand,moreimportantly,investigatingit.Fromamazementto___40___(accept),Dunlopembarksonthisfoodjourneybylearningtocookandtrying