2023-2024学年江苏省南京市五校高二下学期期初调研测试英语试题试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省南京市五校2023-2024学年高二下学期期初调研测试英语试卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATisanonlinetypingtutorforstudentsofallages.T’sprovencurriculumhelpsstudentsfrombeginnerstoadvancedlearners,focusingontechnique,accuracy,andspeed.Thefollowingaresomefrequentlyaskedquestionsabouttypingonourwebsite.Howlongdoesittaketotypewithoutlookingatthekeyboard?Anaveragestudentwithoutlearningdifferenceswilllearntotouchtypewithineighttotenhours.Theymaybetouchtypingataveryslowspeed(8-15wordsperminute).Isitbadtolookatthekeyboardwhentyping?Yes.Notonlydoesitpreventyoufrompracticingyourfingering,butitalsoslowsyoudownandmakesyoutypelessaccurately.It'sfarmoredifficulttonoticemistakeswhenyou'renotlookingatthescreen.Howdoyougetfasterattyping?Themostimportanttechniquetolearntotypefasteristouchtyping.Thisisatechniquebasedondevelopingmusclememoryforyourfingers.HowcanIlearntotypecorrectly?Focusonaccuracyratherthanspeed.Usetheentirekeyboardcorrectly.Learnsomekeyboardshortcuts.Practiceeveryday.HowdoIincreasemytypingspeed?Arrangeyourfingersproperly.Themostimportantstepinimprovingyourtypingspeedisensuringthatyouplaceyourfingerscorrectlyonthekeyboard.Resttheindexfinger(食指)ofyourlefthandonthe“F”keyandtheindexfingerofyourrighthandonthe“J”key.Isfree?Tisafreeonlinetypingtutoranddigitalliteracy(读写能力)platformusedbymillionsofstudentsandeducationprofessionalsaroundtheworld.Weaimtoprovidevaluablelearningtoolstoasmanyschoolteachersandstudentsaspossible.21.Whatdoweknowabout?A.Itchargesverylittle. B.Itissuitableforeverystudent.C.Ithelpstoimprovewritingskills. D.Itcanautomaticallycorrecttypingerrors.22.WhomightbeinterestedinT?A.Managers. B.Salesmen. C.Athletes. D.Teachers.23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Topromoteatypingwebsite. B.Tosharetypingexperience.C.Tocorrecttypingmistakes. D.Toteachtypingskills.【答案】21.B22.D23.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Typing.com是一个面向所有年龄段学生的在线打字辅导网站，并回答了一些网站上关于打字的一些常见问题。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Typing.comisanonlinetypingtutorforstudentsofallages.(Typing.com是一个面向所有年龄段学生的在线打字辅导网站)”可知，Typing.com这个网站适合每个学生。故选B项。【22题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Typing.comisafreeonlinetypingtutoranddigitalliteracy(读写能力)platformusedbymillionsofstudentsandeducationprofessionalsaroundtheworld.(Typing.com是一个免费的在线打字导师和数字扫盲平台，被全球数百万学生和教育专业人士使用。)”可知，老师可能会对这个网站感兴趣。故选D项。【23题详析】推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Typing.com是一个面向所有年龄段学生的在线打字辅导网站，并回答了一些网站上关于打字的一些常见问题。再根据文章最后一段中“Weaimtoprovidevaluablelearningtoolstoasmanyschoolteachersandstudentsaspossible.(我们的目标是为尽可能多的学校教师和学生提供有价值的学习工具。)”可知，本文的主要目的是为了推广这个打字网站。故选A项。BMaryDickinshadbeenamemberoftheaudienceatpoetrynightsbeforeandknew“thepoetryclap”.Shemadeapolitetappingoffingers.Butwhenshemadeherdebut(首次演出)asaperformerattheageof62atthelegendaryBangSaidtheGunnightinsouthLondon,shesaid,“Itwassowild—likenothingIhadeverseenbefore.”Theaudiencestampedtheirfeetandshookshakers.“Itfelttransformative.Ithought,‘I’vegottohavemoreofthis.’”Dickinssaid.Becomingaperformancepoethasgivenheraplaceonastageofherownmaking.Allherlifeshehaswrittenismostlywithoutbeingseenorheard.Hermotherdiedwhenshewasnine,and,aftershewentintoacarehomeat13,Dickins’writingstayedinnotebooks.Really,shesays,alotofheradultlifehasbeenaboutgettingoverchildhoodshyness.Atuniversity—shestudiededucation—shemetherhusbandof40years,butinthreeyearsofseminarsshedidnotsayaword.Someoftheseresultsfromheryearsatthechildren’shome.Shesays,“Itgavemeasenseofwhatit’sliketobeexcluded.Ineverfittedinanywhere.”Aftershegraduated,shediscoveredthatshelovedworkingwithpeoplewithlearningdisabilities.Shebecameanexpertininclusiveeducation.“Thatwasmyniche(称心的职业),”shesays.ShepublishedbooksandreturnedtotheUniversityofNorthLondonasaseniorlecturerinearlychildhoodstudies.Dickinsnowseesthatinadulthoodshehasbeengivingherselfpermissiontobesilly.“ThesillierIallowmyselftobe,thebetterthewritingis,”shesays.Herobservationsarehumorous.“Puttingthingsintowordsandgivingshapetoyouremotionsisanimportantpartofcomingtotermswiththethingsthathappeninlife,”shesays.Doesshestillfeellikeanoutsider?“IthinkI’vemadeitintoavirtue.IcelebratethefactthatIdon’tfitintoabox.Finally!Youhavetowaittillyou’re62tofeelconfident!”shesays.“ButIhaveasenseofwhoIamandI’mproudofit.Iwouldn’tbeanyoneelsenow—andittookmealongtimetosaythat.”24.HowdidDickinsfeelaboutherdebut?A.Nervous. B.Anxious. C.Encouraged. D.Relieved.25.WhywasDickinslackinginasenseofbelonging?A.Herearlystayatthecarehome.B.Herinexperiencedwritingskills.C.Herstrugglewithheruniversitystudies.D.Herpoorrelationshipwithherhusband.26.HowdoeswritingbenefitDickins?A.Ithelpsherlandagoodjob.B.Itdevelopshersenseofhumor.C.Itmakesherovercomeherlearningdisabilities.D.Itenableshertogetonwellwithherlife.27.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MaryDickins’FirstPerformanceB.MaryDickins’NewStartafter60C.MaryDickins’TroubledWritingCareerD.MaryDickins’InfluenceonPerformancePoets【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了MaryDickins在60岁以后成为一名表演诗人并由此重获新生的故事。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Butwhenshemadeherdebut(首次演出)asaperformerattheageof62atthelegendaryBangSaidtheGunnightinsouthLondon,shesaid,“Itwassowild—likenothingIhadeverseenbefore.”(但当她62岁时在伦敦南部传奇的“枪炮之夜”上首次以表演者的身份亮相时，她说：“这太疯狂了，我以前从未见过。”)”以及““Itfelttransformative.Ithought,‘I’vegottohavemoreofthis,’”Dickinssaid.Becomingaperformancepoethasgivenheraplaceonastageofherownmaking.(“我觉得这是一种变革。我想，‘我得多点这样的表演，’”Dickins说。成为一名表演诗人让她在自己创造的舞台上占据了一席之地)”可知，Dickins首次作为表演者登台时观众的反应很疯狂，这种体验是她从未经历过的，但她很喜欢，成为表演诗人让Dickins在舞台上有了自己的一席之地。由此推知，当Dickins第一次上台表演诗歌后，观众的反应使她大受鼓舞。故选C。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Atuniversity—shestudiededucation—shemetherhusbandof40years,butinthreeyearsofseminarsshedidnotsayaword.Someoftheseresultsfromheryearsatthechildren’shome.Shesays,“Itgavemeasenseofwhatit’sliketobeexcluded.Ineverfittedinanywhere.”(在大学里，她学习教育，遇到了相恋40年的丈夫，但在三年的研讨会上，她一句话也没说。其中一些是她在儿童之家工作多年的结果。她说：“这让我明白了被排斥的感觉。我从来没有融入过任何地方。”)”可知，Dickins在儿童之家生活多年的经历让她觉得自己被排斥在外，在任何地方都格格不入，很没有归属感。故选A。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““Puttingthingsintowordsandgivingshapetoyouremotionsisanimportantpartofcomingtotermswiththethingsthathappeninlife,”shesays.(她说：“把事情用语言表达出来，塑造你的情绪，是接受生活中发生的事情的重要组成部分。”)”可推知，写作使她更好地接纳生活中发生的一切，让她与自己的生活讲和。故选D。【27题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Butwhenshemadeherdebut(首次演出)asaperformerattheageof62atthelegendaryBangSaidtheGunnightinsouthLondon,shesaid,“Itwassowild—likenothingIhadeverseenbefore.”(但当她62岁时在伦敦南部传奇的“枪炮之夜”上首次以表演者的身份亮相时，她说：“这太疯狂了，我以前从未见过。”)”是对Dickins在62岁时首次登台演出的描写，以及最后一段“Finally!Youhavetowaittillyou’re62tofeelconfident!”shesays.“ButIhaveasenseofwhoIamandI’mproudofit.Iwouldn’tbeanyoneelsenow—andittookmealongtimetosaythat.”(最后你必须等到62岁才有自信！”她说。“但我知道自己是谁，我为此感到骄傲。我现在不会成为其他人了——我花了很长时间才这么说。”)”她提到自己通过写作和表演克服害羞、找到自信可知，本文主要讲述了MaryDickins在60岁以后成为一名表演诗人并由此重获新生的故事。由此可知，A项“MaryDickins在60岁后的新开始”为最佳标题。故选B。COfficialsofDetroit,Michigan,haveequippedapieceofroadwithnewtechnologydesignedtochargeelectricvehicles(EVs)onthepath.Theroadwayismeanttoserveasademonstrationprojectforthetechnology,whichcouldbeexpandedtolargerroadsystems.Thesystemusesaseriesofcopperwiresplacedunderneaththeroad.ThesewireshavetheabilitytosendelectricitythroughamagneticfieldtochargeanEV’sbattery.Chargingcanhappenwhilethecarisdrivingorsittingabovetheequipment.Electreonsaystheelectricroadsystemissafeforpeopleandanimalswalkingoveritanddoesnotharmdrivers.ThetechnologywascreatedbyElectreon,adeveloperofwirelesschargingsolutionsforEVs.StefanTongur,Electreon’svicepresidentofbusinessdevelopment,toldTheAssociatedPressEVsrequirespecialequipmenttoreceivethewirelesssignal.“Thetechnologyissmart,”Tongursaid,and“knowswhoyouare...”Theelectrifiedroadstretchesaboutonehalf-kilometer.Itwillbeusedtotestandimprovethetechnologyinpreparationforwiderreleases.Tongursaidtheprojectaimsto“demonstratehowwirelesschargingunlockswidespreadEVadoption,addressinglimitedrange,grid(电网)limitations,andbatterysizeandcosts.”Helooksforwardtoafutureinwhich,inhiswords,“EVsarethenorm,nottheexception.”Michigan’sDepartmentofTransportation(DOT)signedafive-yearagreementwithElectreontodeveloptheroadwaychargingsystem.Officialshavesaidtheyplantobuildanotherelectrifiedstretchofroadinanotherpartofthecity.Michigantransportationofficialssaythewireless-chargingroadwayprojecthashelpedpositionthestateandcityofDetroitasnationalleadersinEVtechnology.“InMichigan,wewanttostayaheadofthecurve,”MichiganDOTDirectorBradleyC.WieferichtoldtheAP.28.Whatisthenewtechnologyintendedtodo?A.ImproveEVs’batteries. B.Demonstrateaproject.C.Expandroadsystems. D.SupplypowertoEVs.29.Whatdoweknowabouttheelectricroadsystem?A.Peopleandanimalsmaygetanelectricshocknearit.B.EVsarechargedthroughcontactwithitscopperwires.C.ItchargesEVsonlyiftheystaystillontheequipment.D.Aspecialdeviceisneededtopickupitswirelesssignals.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedphrase“stayaheadofthecurve”?A.Developmoresmoothly. B.Makeprogressintheindustry.C.Taketheleadinthefield. D.Achieveagoalaheadoftime.31.WhatisBradley’sattitudetowardstheproject?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Skeptical.【答案】28.D29.D30.C31.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了美国密歇根州底特律市在一条公路上配备的专为行驶中的电动汽车充电的技术。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“OfficialsofDetroit,Michigan,haveequippedapieceofroadwithnewtechnologydesignedtochargeelectricvehicles(EVs)onthepath.(美国密歇根州底特律市的官员在一条公路上配备了专为行驶中的电动汽车充电的技术)”可知，这种新技术是用来给电动汽车充电的。故选D。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“StefanTongur,Electreon’svicepresidentofbusinessdevelopment,toldTheAssociatedPressEVsrequirespecialequipmenttoreceivethewirelesssignal.(StefanTongur是Electreon公司的业务发展副总裁，他告诉美联社，电动汽车需要特殊的设备来接收无线信号)”可知，电动汽车需要特殊的设备来接收无线信号。故选D。【30题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Michigantransportationofficialssaythewireless-chargingroadwayprojecthashelpedpositionthestateandcityofDetroitasnationalleadersinEVtechnology.(密歇根州交通官员表示，无线充电道路项目帮助该州和底特律市成为电动汽车技术的全国领先者)”可知，无线充电道路项目有助于将该州和底特律市定位为电动汽车技术的全国领导者，所以他们希望在该领域保持领先地位。stayaheadofthecurve意为“保持领先地位”。故选C。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“‘InMichigan,wewanttostayaheadofthecurve,’MichiganDOTDirectorBradleyC.WieferichtoldtheAP.(密歇根州交通部主任BradleyC.Wieferich告诉美联社：‘在密歇根州，我们希望保持领先地位。’)”可知，Bradley对这个项目持赞成的态度。故选A。DGoingagainstthetideofflockingtowell-knowntouristdestinationsonvacation,agrowingnumberofholidaymakersinChinatendtospendtheirleisuretimeatlesser-knownattractions.Reversetourism(逆向旅游)hasappearedasanewtrendamongyoungholidaymakersinChina.Accordingtodatafromanonlinetravelagency,thenumberofroomsbookedathotelsinless-traveledcitiesduringtheholidaywasup30percentyear-on-year.Bookingsforfour-starorfive-starhotelsinless-traveledplacesallincreasedtentimesataminimum.Somelesser-knownscenicspotsposteddouble-digit(两位数的)growthduringtheholiday.BaimaiquanParkinJinan,thecapitalofShandongProvince,received52,100visitsinthesevendays,upto15.78percentyear-over-year.Besidescrowds,somevacationerschoseless-traveledplacestosaveonthecostoftripstopopulardestinations.Inaddition,lesser-knownattractionsarenotas“commercial”asdevelopedonesandareabletooffermoreactualexperiencesandnaturalencounters.Essentiallyspeaking,totalrelaxationisbecomingarealexpectationformanypeoplewhentheytravel.Changesindemandmaybethefundamentalreasonforthepopularityofreversetourism.COVID-19isanotherkeyfactorfuelingreversetourism.Aspreventivemeasurescontinue,travelinghasanunpredictablequality.Travelershavethusbecomemorecautiousandtendtochooselocalattractionsorplaceswithfewertourists.“Theriseofreversetourismisnotabadthing,”saidZhengzhouDaily.Itmeansthatvacationersnowhavemoreoptions,whichbringsmorepossibilitiestothetourismmarket.Moreimportantly,itnoted,thetrendissettoforcepopulardestinationstoimprovethemselvesinsteadofrestingontheirpasthonor.JiangHan,aseniorresearcher,saidthatreversetourismwillbecomeoneofthefuturedirectionsforthemarket.Togivearealboosttothetourismmarket,Jiangsuggestedthatmoreeffortsbemadetotapthepotentialofunderestimated,lesser-knowndestinations.Itisnecessarytodigdeeperintothelocalcustomsandhighlightthelocalcharacteristicstoimprovethequalityoflocaltourism.32.Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph2tellus?A.ThepopularityoftravelagencyinChina.B.Thehighincomeofhotelsduringholidays.C.Thecontributionsoftourismtotheeconomy.D.TheincreasingtrendofreversetourisminChina.33.Whatmaybetherootcauseoftheriseofreversetourism?A.TheimpactofCOVID-19.B.Holidaymakers’changingneedsfortravel.C.Thelowercostofheadingtoless-traveledplaces.D.Thelackofinnovativeimprovementsinfamousattractions.34.WhatdoesZhengzhouDailythinkofreversetourism?A.Itwilldropwiththerecoveryofeconomy.B.Itbenefitsbothtouristsandthetourismmarket.C.Itisbeneficialtospreadlocalculturetotourists.D.Itblocksthedevelopmentofsomepopularresorts.35.WhatisJiangHan’sadviceondevelopingthetourismmarket?A.Upgradingthesupportingfacilitiesintouristareas.B.Improvingthemanagementrulesoftouristattractionsfurther.C.Exploringthepotentialandfeaturesoflesser-knownattractions.D.PromotingthelocalcharacteristicsofChinathroughonlinemedia.【答案】32.D33.B34.B35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了逆向旅游这一旅游新趋势，分析了其兴起的原因和意义。【32题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“Accordingtodatafromanonlinetravelagency,thenumberofroomsbookedathotelsinless-traveledcitiesduringtheholidaywasup30percentyear-on-year.Bookingsforfour-starorfive-starhotelsinless-traveledplacesallincreasedtentimesataminimum.Somelesser-knownscenicspotsposteddouble-digit(两位数的)growthduringtheholiday.BaimaiquanParkinJinan,thecapitalofShandongProvince,received52,100visitsinthesevendays,upto15.78percentyear-over-year.(根据一家在线旅行社的数据，在旅游较少的城市，假期期间酒店预订的房间数量同比增长了30%。在人迹罕至的地方，四星级或五星级酒店的预订量都至少增加了10倍。一些不太知名的景点在假期期间实现了两位数的增长。山东省省会济南的百脉泉公园在7天内接待了52100名游客，同比增长15.78%。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是逆向旅游在中国呈上升趋势。故选D项。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Besidescrowds,somevacationerschoseless-traveledplacestosaveonthecostoftripstopopulardestinations.Inaddition,lesser-knownattractionsarenotas“commercial”asdevelopedonesandareabletooffermoreactualexperiencesandnaturalencounters.(除了拥挤之外，一些度假者选择人迹少的地方，以节省前往热门目的地的费用。此外，不太知名的景点不像发达景点那样“商业化”，能够提供更多的实际体验和自然接触。)”以及第四段“Essentiallyspeaking,totalrelaxationisbecomingarealexpectationformanypeoplewhentheytravel.(从本质上讲，完全放松正在成为许多人旅行时的真实期望。)”可知，度假者不断变化的旅行需求是逆向旅游兴起的根本原因。故选B项。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“‘Theriseofreversetourismisnotabadthing,’saidZhengzhouDaily.Itmeansthatvacationersnowhavemoreoptions,whichbringsmorepossibilitiestothetourismmarket.Moreimportantly,itnoted,thetrendissettoforcepopulardestinationstoimprovethemselvesinsteadofrestingontheirpasthonor.(《郑州日报》称：‘逆向旅游的兴起并非坏事。’这意味着度假者现在有了更多的选择，这给旅游市场带来了更多的可能性。报告指出，更重要的是，这一趋势将迫使热门旅游目的地改善自身，而不是停留在过去的荣誉上。)”可知，《郑州日报》认为逆向旅游对游客和旅游市场都有好处。故选B项。【35题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Togivearealboosttothetourismmarket,Jiangsuggestedthatmoreeffortsbemadetotapthepotentialofunderestimated,lesser-knowndestinations.Itisnecessarytodigdeeperintothelocalcustomsandhighlightthelocalcharacteristicstoimprovethequalityoflocaltourism.(为了真正提振旅游市场，Jiang建议要加大力度开发那些被低估的、不太为人所知的目的地的潜力。要深入挖掘地方风土人情，突出地方特色，提高地方旅游质量。)”可知，JiangHan建议发现人迹罕至的景点的潜力和特色。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.Manyofusweretoldfromanearlyagethat,atschoolorinlife,“youlearnfromyourmistakes.”Isthisactuallytrue?Theshortansweris“yes”.___36___Becausewewouldnotliketofail,learningfromourmistakesis,inreality,veryhard.Itdoesn’tfeelgood.Sowereacttofailureinemotionalways,likegivinguponataskeasily,tellingourselveswedon’tcarewhetherwesucceed,orfindingfaultwiththetaskitself.Thisisself-protective,accordingtoHallgeirSjastad,apsychologyprofessor.Inhisopinion,mostofuswanttothinkofourselvesascapable.___37___Fortunatelytherearestrategiestohelpusovercometheemotionalbarriers.___38___.Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.Multiplestudiesshowthiswayhelpstosoftenournegativeemotionalreactions.Alsoitallowsustolookatfailuremoreobjectively.___39___Thisledtobetterlevelsofmotivationandacademicsuccessinthetestgroups—involvingbothadultsandchildren—thatwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.ProfessorEskreis-Winklerfoundthatthesatisfactionofhelpingothers“forcespeopletoengagewiththeirexperienceandwhattheyhavelearned”.ThewriterSamuelBeckettoncesaid,“failagain,failbetter.”Butitnowseemsthatweshouldsay,“failagain,failsmarter”.___40___,butbylearningtoovercometheemotionalbarriersaroundit,wemayfindtheroadtosuccessisalittleeasiertonavigate(驾驭).A.EveryoneneedssuccessB.HardworkleadstosuccessC.FailurecanbeateachablemomentD.FailureisanunavoidablepartoflifeE.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personviewF.Next,offeradvicetoothersinthesamepositionasusG.Sowhatfailurecausesisaseriousthreattoourself-image【答案】36.C37.G38.E39.F40.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何克服自己的情绪障碍，学会从失败中吸取经验和教训，从而获得进步给出了一定的建议。【36题详析】根据第一段““youlearnfromyourmistakes.”Isthisactuallytrue?(“你从错误中学习。”这是真的吗？)”和第二段“Theshortansweris“yes”.(简短的回答是“是的”)”可知，人们是可以从错误和失败中学习的，选项C.Failurecanbeateachablemoment(失败可能是一个受教育的时刻)表达了这层含义，对前文进行了总结，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。【37题详析】根据上一句“Inhisopinion,mostofuswanttothinkofourselvesascapable.(在他看来，我们大多数人都认为自己有能力)”可知，选项G.Sowhatfailurecausesisaseriousthreattoourself-image(所以失败造成的是对我们自我形象的严重威胁)进一步说明了失败破坏了人们有能力的形象，使自我形象受到了严重的威胁，同时也是对人们失败所产生的情绪化反应的解释，衔接合理，与本段主题相符。故选G。【38题详析】根据上一句“Fortunatelytherearestrategiestohelpusovercometheemotionalbarriers.(幸运的是，有一些策略可以帮助我们克服情绪障碍)”可知，选项E.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personview(其中之一就是采用第三人称视角)中的“them”指代上一句中的“strategies”，指出了其中一个策略的内容，承接上文；结合下文“Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.(不要问“我为什么失败了？”，我们可以问“Sam为什么失败了？”，例如)”可知，下一句是对选项E的举例说明，衔接下文。故选E。【39题详析】根据第3小题所选的选项E.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personview(其中之一就是采用第三人称视角)可知，第三段主要介绍了帮助人们克服情绪障碍的一个策略，选项F.Next,offeradvicetoothersinthesamepositionasus(其次，给和我们处境相同的人提建议)在第四段给出了第二个策略，就是基于自己失败的经历，给同样失败的人提出建议；结合下一句“Thisledtobetterlevelsofmotivationandacademicsuccessinthetestgroups—involvingbothadultsandchildren—thatwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.(这导致被要求根据自己的失败给出建议的测试组(包括成人和儿童)的动机和学业成功程度更高)”句中的“This”指代选项F的内容，指出了给别人提出建议的策略所产生的效果，符合语意和语境。故选E。【40题详析】根据下一句“butbylearningtoovercometheemotionalbarriersaroundit,wemayfindtheroadtosuccessisalittleeasiertonavigate(驾驭).(但是通过学习克服它周围的情绪障碍，我们可能会发现通往成功的道路更容易驾驭)”可知，选项D.Failureisanunavoidablepartoflife(失败是生活中不可避免的一部分)指出失败不可避免，但是如果通过学习如何克服情绪障碍，学会从失败中学习，就会更容易获得成功，由此可知，选项D与下文语意衔接合理，呼应文章主题。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thetitleof“Aaron’syoungerbrother”wasearnedwhenIhadwonthesecondplaceinmyfirsttennistournamentattheageofsix.WheneverI____41____ontoatenniscourt,itwasasthoughaglueynamelabel,whichhadbeen____42____stuckontome.Iwantedto____43____Aaron,myolderbrother,whosefamehadreducedmetoa____44____tennisplayer.ThencameabigtennismatchagainstAaron.AsIshookAaron’shandatthestartofthematch,Istaredathimandfocusedonhowthismatchwasgoingto____45____everything.Thetenniscourtseemedtostretchoutfurtherthanusual,butIcouldstill____46____theconfidentlookonAaron’sface.Heknewthatmyhonor____47____incomparisontohis.Finally,weweredowntothelastset,neckandneckinpoints.Thatwaswhenthesettingsuncasthisfigureoverme,____48____methatIwouldalwaysbewalkinginhis____49____ifIdidnotprovemyself.Ipreparedmyselfforthefinishingblow,____50____ofAaron’spastmatchesfloodingthroughmymindasI____51____theweaknessofhissmash(扣球)theballwouldalwaysflytowardstheleftofthecourt.Iextendedmyarmtotheleftinanticipationofwheretheballwasgoingtoland.Theballmade____52____withmyracketandwaslobbedoverAaron’sheadsuccessfully.Hecoulddonothingbut____53____hisundefeatedstatusaschampionbeingremovedbyhisyoungerbrother.WhileIwasstillenjoyingtheunfamiliarfeelingof____54____minutesafterthematchwasover,aman,whomIvaguelyrecognizedfroma____55____tennisclub,approachedme.“Whatisyourname,son?”heasked.Asmilespreadacrossmyface.41.A.marched B.stepped C.jumped D.rushed42.A.frequently B.originally C.permanently D.occasionally43.A.recommend B.praise C.evaluate D.defeat44.A.nameless B.hopeless C.worthless D.fearless45.A.appreciate B.change C.explore D.settle46.A.putdown B.pullout C.takeup D.makeout47.A.disappeared B.wrinkled C.paled D.doubled48.A.reminding B.ordering C.instructing D.expecting49.A.trust B.shelter C.credit D.shadow50.A.scores B.images C.records D.highlights51.A.hid B.admitted C.recalled D.overcame52.A.contact B.progress C.movement D.adjustment53.A.maintain B.improve C.confirm D.witness54.A.harmony B.success C.competition D.relief55.A.previous B.special C.famous D.tiny【答案】41.B42.C43.D44.A45.B46.D47.C48.A49.D50.B51.C52.A53.D54.B55.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者网球赛战胜自己的哥哥亚伦，不再活在他阴影下的故事。【41题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我走上网球场，就好像一个黏糊糊的名字标签永远贴在我身上。A.marched行进；B.stepped迈步；C.jumped跳；D.rushed冲。由下文“ontoatenniscourt”以及语境可知，这里指作者“迈步”走进网球场，steponto表“踏上”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故选B项。【42题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：每当我走上网球场，就好像一个黏糊糊的名字标签永远贴在我身上。A.frequently经常地；B.originally最初地；C.permanently永久地；D.occasionally偶尔地。由上文“itwasasthoughaglueynamelabel”可知，这里指这个黏糊糊的名字标签“永远”贴在作者身上。故选C项。【43题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想打败我的哥哥亚伦，他的名气使我变成了一个无名的网球运动员。A.recommend推荐；B.praise赞扬；C.evaluate评估；D.defeat击败。由下文“whosefamehadreducedmetoatennisplayer.”可知，这里指作者想“打败”哥哥亚伦，走出他的阴影。故选D项。【44题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想打败我的哥哥亚伦，他的名气使我变成了一个无名的网球运动员。A.nameless无名的；B.hopeless无望的；C.worthless毫无价值的；D.fearless无所畏惧的。由上文“Thetitleof‘Aaron’syoungerbrother’wasearnedwhenIhadwonthesecondplaceinmyfirsttennistournamentattheageofsix.”可知，作者哥哥的名气使作者变成了一个“无名的”网球运动员。故选A项。【45题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛开始时，当我和亚伦握手时，我凝视着他，专注于这场比赛将如何改变一切。A.appreciate感谢；B.change改变；C.explore探索；D.settle解决。由上文“IwantedtoAaron,myolderbrother”可知，这里指作者想打败哥哥“改变”一切。故选B项。【46题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：网球场似乎比平时伸得更远，但我仍然能辨认出亚伦脸上自信的表情。A.putdown放下；B.pullout拔出；C.takeup占用；D.makeout辨认出。由上文“furtherthanusual”以及but表转折可知，这里指虽然距离远，但是作者还是能“辨认出”亚伦脸上自信的表情。故选D项。【47题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他知道我的荣誉与他的相比显得微不足道。A.disappeared消失；B.wrinkled皱起；C.paled变苍白；D.doubled加倍。由下文“incomparisontohis”可知，这里指作者的荣誉不如哥哥的，相对于哥哥的荣誉，变得非常“苍白”逊色。故选C项。【48题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，落日把他的身影投射到我身上，提醒我，如果我不证明自己，我将永远走在他的阴影下。A.reminding提醒；B.ordering订购；C.instructing指导；D.expecting期待。由上文“thesettingsuncasthisfigureoverme”可知，这指落日“提醒”了作者生活在哥哥的阴影下。故选A项。【49题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，落日把他的身影投射到我身上，提醒我，如果我不证明自己，我将永远走在他的阴影下。A.trust信任；B.shelter避难所；C.credit信用；D.shadow阴影。由下文“ifIdidnotprovemyself”可知，这里指如果作者不证明自己，就会活在哥哥的“阴影”下。故选D项。【50题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为最后一击做好了准备，当我回忆起他扣杀的弱点时，亚伦过去比赛的画面充斥着我的脑海——球总是飞向球场左侧。A.scores得分；B.images画面；C.records记录；D.highlights亮点。由下文“ofAaron’spastmatches”可知，这里指亚伦过去比赛的“画面”出现在作者的脑海里。故选B项。【51题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为最后一击做好了准备，当我回忆起他扣杀的弱点时，亚伦过去比赛的画面充斥着我的脑海——球总是飞向球场左侧。A.hid隐藏；B.admitted承认；C.recalled回忆；D.overcame克服。由上文“floodingthroughmymind”可知，作者这里在“回忆”亚伦扣杀的弱点。故选C项。【52题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：球碰到了我的球拍，成功地从亚伦的头上高出。A.contact接触；B.progress进度；C.movement运动；D.adjustment调整。由下文“withmyracketandwaslobbedoverAaron’sheadsuccessfully”可知，这里表示球“触碰到”作者的球拍，然后作者成功击出了球。故选A项。【53题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他只能目睹自己不败的冠军身份被弟弟夺走。A.maintain维护；B.improve提高；C.confirm确认；D.witness目睹。由上文“coulddonothing”可知，作者哥哥亚伦只能“目睹”自己的失败，什么也做不了。故选D项。【54题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛结束几分钟后，当我还在享受这种陌生的成功感时，一个我隐约认出是来自一家著名网球俱乐部的男人走近了我。A.harmony和谐；B.success成功；C.competition竞争；D.relief宽慰。由上文“championbeingremovedbyhisyoungerbrother”可知，这里指作者享受打败哥哥的“成功”感。故选B项。【55题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比赛结束几分钟后，当我还在享受这种陌生的成功感时，一个我隐约认出是来自一家著名网球俱乐部的男人走近了我。A.previous以前的；B.special特殊的；C.famous著名的；D.tiny极小的。由下文“Whatisyourname,son?”以及语境可知，作者赢得比赛，引得了“著名的”网球俱乐部的注意。故选C项。第二节语篇填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InChina,evenforthemostaccomplishedchefs,cooking____56____(involve)improvisingwiththeingredients(原料)onhand:feelandtaste.FortheChinese,theideaofexacttimeandamountsincookingisanalienconcept.Infact,timesandmeasuringcupswon’tbefoundinatraditionalChinesekitchen.NorwillaChinesecookasked____57____heorshemakesaparticulardishrespondwithclear____58____(quantity)ofingredientsandanexactcookingtime,forsuchconcreteinstructionsarealmostnot____59____(exist)intheworldofChinesecuisine.____60____(make)Chinesefoodcanbeverytimeconsuming.Onereasonis____61____thepreparationbeforetheactualcookingtakestime,asingredientsforthesamedishare____62____(typical)cutintouniform