Unit4 History and TraditionsB卷综合能力提升练（解析版）

必修Book2Unit4HistoryandTraditions

B卷•综合能力提升练

（时间：90分钟满分：120分）

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

（2022•重庆巴蜀中学高一期中）TheRiverNilestretchesmorethan4,000milesbetweenLakeVictoriaand

theMediterraneanSea.Outofallthatlength,therelativelyshortsectionbetweenAswanandLuxorinsouthern

Egyptisthemostfascinating.ReadonforthemaintemplestovisitonthejourneydowntheNilebetweenAswan

andLuxor.

PhilaeTemple

ThisgorgeousGreco-EgyptiantempletothegoddessIsisiseasilyreachedbyboatfromAswan.Itwastorn

apartandmovedtoitscurrentislandlocationaspartoftheUNESCOprojecttosaveNubia'sancientmonuments

fromtherisingwatersofLakeNasser.

AbuSimbel

AlthoughifsnotalongtheNilebetweenAswanandLuxor,thisstunningtempleisoftenvisitedasalongday

tripfromAswanbyairplaneorroad.Constructedaround1260BC,thetemplewasalsorescuedfromLakeNasser

bytheUNESCOproject.

EdfuTemple

Oneofbest-preservedtemplesfromancienttimes,theEdfuTempleiswheretheancientsworshipedthegodof

thesky.Overthecenturies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthenearbydesertandinaccessibledueto

theannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.

TempleofKarnak

ThemassiveTempleofKarnakisbothamasterpieceofancientEgyptianarchitectureandoneofthelargest

templeseverconstructedanywhereontheplanet.Itbegstwovisits:oncebydaylighttoappreciatetheengineering

andartisticbeautyoftheGreatHypostyleHallandagainafterdarkwhentheruinscomealiveduringasoundand

lightshow.

1.Whichtemplewillbeabetterchoiceifyouplantogoatnight?

A.AbuSimbel.B.EdfuTemple.C.PhilaeTemple.D.TempleofKarnak.

2.WhatdoPhilaeTempleandAbuSimbelhaveincommon?

A.Theyareusuallyreachedbyboat.B.Theyarebothlocatedonanisland.

C.Theywereonceunderthethreatoffloods.D.Theywereoncepulleddownandreconstructed.

3.WhyisEdfuTemplewellpreserved?

A.Becauseitwasdifficulttospotandreach.

B.Becausetheancientsfearedthepowerofthegod.

C.Becauseitprocessedthebeautifulscenery.

D.BecauseitwasprotectedbytheUNESCOproject.

【答案】1.D2.C3.A

【解析】本文为一篇应用文。埃及南部阿斯旺和卢克索之间的尼罗河最迷人，文章介绍了这一段河流附近

的四个主要神庙。

1.细节理角用题。根据TempleofKarnak的第二句"Itbegstwovisits:oncebydaylighttoappreciatetheengineering

andartisticbeautyoftheGreatHypostyleHallandagainafterdarkwhentheruinscomealiveduringasoundand

lightshow.（它请求两次访问：一次是在白天欣赏大柱式大厅的工程和艺术之美，另一次是在天黑之后，当

废墟在声光表演中活跃起来时。）”，如果游客打算晚上去神庙，TempleofKarnak会是更好的选择。故选D

项。

2.推理判断题。根据EdfuTemple的"Overthecenturies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthenearby

desertandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.

（几个世纪以来，这座寺庙几乎被附近沙漠的沙子所覆盖，而且由于尼罗河每年的洪水而无法到达，这使得

它能够以如此原始的状态保存下来可知，尼罗河每年都会发洪水。根据PhilaeTemple的第二句"Itwastom

apartandmovedtoitscurrentislandlocationaspartoftheUNESCOprojecttosaveNubia'sancientmonuments

fromtherisingwatersofLakeNasser.（作为联合国教科文组织保护努比亚古遗迹免受纳赛尔湖水位上升影响

的项目的一部分，PhilaeTemple被拆了，并搬到了现在的岛屿位置）”；根据AbuSimbel的第二句"Constructed

around1260BC,thetemplewasalsorescuedfromLakeNasserbytheUNESCOproject.（该寺庙建于公元前

1260年左右，联合国教科文组织的项目也从纳赛尔湖中拯救了它）”中的also可知，AbuSimbel也遭遇纳赛

尔湖水位上升的问题；因尼罗河每年都会发洪水，导致纳赛尔湖水位上升，两个神庙都曾遭遇过洪水的威

胁。故选C项。

3.细节理解题。根据EdfuTemple的第二句"Overthecenturies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthe

nearbydesertandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginal

state.（几个世纪以来，这座寺庙几乎被附近沙漠的沙子覆盖，由于尼罗河每年的洪水泛滥而无法进入，使其

能够以如此原始的状态保存下来。户可知，因为被沙漠的沙子覆盖，人们很难发现这个神庙，而且每年的洪

水也导致人们很难到达这里，从而EdfuTemple神庙保存的很好。故选A项。

B

（2022•新疆•沙湾县第一中学高一期末）Underwaterexplorershavediscoveredanancientshipwreck（沉船）

intheruinsofalong-lostsunkenEgyptiancityHeracleion,offthecoastofAlexandriainEgypt.Researchershave

provedtheshiptobeover2,000yearsoldamongtheruins.

AlthoughHeracleionwasonceanimportanteconomiccenter,itwasdestroyedbytheforcesofnature,sinking

（下沉）rapidlyinthewater.Theremainsofthecity'shouses,temples,andmarketshavelaintenmetersdeepinthe

AbuQirBay,eastofpresent-dayAlexandria,Asaresult,underwaterexplorersregularlymakeexcitingdiscoveries

there.Amongthem,statuesandstonetabletswithwordsmadeitpossibletofigureoutthecity'sname:Heracleion.

Researchersexplainedthattheshipwas25meterslong.Thediscoveryoftheshipwreckwasfascinating

becauseshipsfromthatperiodinhistorywereveryseldom.Theunderwaterresearchshowedthattheshipwas

struckbyseveralbigstonesfromthenearbytemple,makingtheshipatthebottomofthesea.Dr.MustafaWaziri,

Secretary-GeneraloftheHigherArchaeologyCouncil,saidtheshipwasinthecanal（运河）whichflowedalongthe

sideoftheTempleofAmun.Anearthquakestruckthecity,makingthetempledestroyedandtheshipsink.

Whiletheshipwreckdiscoverywasexciting,underwaterexplorersdiscoveredtheremainsofaGreek

cemetery（墓地）datingbacktothe4thcenturyBCduringtheunderwaterexploration.Researchersexplainedthat

thediscoveryshowstheGreektraderslivedinthecity.TheybuilttheirowntemplesnearthetempleofAmun,and

theremainsofbothhavebeenfoundtogetherandingoodconditioninthesunkencitysome7milesoffthecoastof

Egypt.ItisworthnotingthatthecityofHeracleionhadbeenthelargestport-cityinEgyptacrosstheNileDelta,

beforethecityofAlexandriawasfoundedin331BC.Severalearthquakesdestroyedit.

4.WhydidthecityHeracleiondisappear?

A.ItwasdestroyedbytheGreektraders.

B.Itwashitandcoveredbyabigflood.

C.Itwasunimportantandwasdeserted.

D.Itwasruinedandsankintothesea.

5.Whatcausedtheshiptosinkintothesea?

A.Itsownlength.B.Aterribleearthquake.

C.Carryingtoomanystones.D.Thebuildingofatemple.

6.WhatcanbeinferredfromthediscoveryofaGreekcemetery?.

A.TheGreekcemeterywasdestroyed.

B.GreektradersbuiltthetempleofAmun.

C.Heracleionwasprobablyatradecenter.

D.GreekhasalongerhistorythanEgypt.

7.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?

A.Environment..B.HistoryC.Sport.D.Education.

【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.B

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪

的希腊墓地遗迹的事迹来探索当时一些不为人知的历史真相。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AlthoughHeracleionwasonceanimportanteconomiccenter,itwasdestroyed

bytheforcesofnature,sinking（下沉）rapidlyinthewater.”（尽管Heracleion曾经是一个重要的经济中心，但是

它被大自然的力量摧毁了，在水中迅速下沉。）可知，Heracleion被摧毁了，并沉入海底。故选D项。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr.MustafaWaziri,Secretary-GeneraloftheHigherArchaeologyCouncil,said

theshipwasinthecanal（运河）whichflowedalongthesideoftheTempleofAmun.Anearthquakestruckthecity,

makingthetempledestroyedandtheshipsink.”（高级考古委员会秘书长MustafaWaziri博士说，这艘船在阿

蒙神庙旁边的运河里。一场地震袭击了这座城市，神庙被毁，轮船沉没。）可知，船是因为地震而导致沉没

的。故选B项。

6.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ResearchersexplainedthatthediscoveryshowstheGreektraderslivedinthe

city.”（研究人员解释说，这一发现表明希腊商人住在这座城市。）可知这里有商人居住；文章“Itisworthnoting

thatthecityofHeracleionhadbeenthelargestport-cityinEgyptacrosstheNileDelta,beforethecityof

Alexandriawasfoundedin331BC.”（值得注意的是，在公元前331年亚历山大城建立之前，Heracleion是

埃及最大的港口城市，横跨尼罗河三角洲。）Heracleion有商人居住，这是一个信息，它在亚历山大城建立

之前还是埃及最大的港口城市，港口城市一般交通便利，故推知Heracleion可能是一个贸易中心。故选C

项。

7.推理判断题。通读本文可知，文章讲述的是水下探险家在埃及亚历山大海岸外失踪已久的埃及城市

Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹，这些发现背后都是承载着

一定历史真相的，故我们可能会在报纸的“History”（历史）板块中读到这篇文章。故选B项。

C

（2022•青海西宁•高一期末）TheGizaPyramids（金字塔）,builttolastforever,havedonejustthat.The

tombscoulddatebacktoEgypfsOldKingdomandwereconstructedsome4,500yearsago.Egypt'spharaohs（法

老）expectedtobecomegodsintheafterlife.Toprepareforthenextworldtheybuilttemplestothegodsand

massivepyramidtombsforthemselves,whichwerefilledwithallthethingseachrulerwouldneedtoguideand

supporthimselfinthenextworld.

TheancientwondersatGizaweresoimpressivethateventodayscientistscan'tbesurehowthepyramids

werebuilt.Yettheyhavelearnedmuchaboutthepeoplewhobuiltthem.Thebuilderswereskilled,well-fed

Egyptianworkerswholivedinanearbycity.Archaeological（考古的）digsontheattractivesitehaveshowna

highlyorganizedcommunity,richwithresources.

IfthePyramidshelpedtobuildancientEgypt,theyalsopreservedit.Gizaallowsustoexploreanancient

world.ctManypeoplethinkofthesiteasjustatombinthemodemsense,butit'salotmorethanthat,“saysPeter

DerManuelianwiththeMuseumofFineArts,Boston.a6Inthesedecoratedtombsyouhavewonderfulscenesof

everyaspectoflifeinancientEgypt-soifsnotjustabouthowEgyptiansdiedbuthowtheylived.”

Tombartdisplaysancientfarmersworkingontheirfieldsandfishing.Wordsandtextsalsoallowresearchinto

Egyptiangrammarandlanguage."Almostanysubjectyouwanttostudyaboutthecultureisavailableonthetomb

wallsatGiza,“DerManueliansays.

Tohelpmakethesepreciousresourcesaccessibletoall,DerManuelianheadstheGizaProject,anenormous

collectionofGizaphotographs,plans,drawings,objectrecords,anddiariesthatenablesonlinevisitstothesite.

8.WhydidEgypfspharaohsbuildthepyramids?

A.Tosatisfypersonalneeds.

B.Topayrespectstogods.

C.Toprotecttheculture.

D.Tobenefitlocalpoorpeople.

9.Whatremainsunclearaboutthepyramids?

A.Whobuiltthem.

B.Howtheywerebuilt.

C.Wheretheywere.

D.Whentheywerebuilt.

10.WhatistheGizaProjectintendedfor?

A.Raisingmoneyforthefarmers.

B.Collectingdrawingsandphotosworldwide.

C.Helpingpeopledevelopfishing.

D.Providingonlineaccesstothepyramids.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.PyramidsatGiza.

B.Modernpaintingart.

C.Anancientking.

D.AmuseuminEgypt.

【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伟大的Giza金字塔，介绍了其建造的时间、构成、以及存在

的意义等。

8.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Egypt'spharaohs（法老）expectedtobecomegodsintheafterlife.Topreparefor

thenextworldtheybuilttemplestothegodsandmassivepyramidtombsforthemselves,whichwerefilledwithall

thethingseachrulerwouldneedtoguideandsupporthimselfinthenextworld.（埃及的法老期望在死后成为神。

为了为下一个世界做准备，他们为自己建造了神庙和巨大的金字塔坟墓，里面装满了每个统治者在另一个

世界里需要指导和养活自己的所有东西。厂可推断，古埃及的法老之所以建造金字塔是为了自己死后所需，

故选A。

9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheancientwondersatGizaweresoimpressivethateventodayscientistscan't

besurehowthepyramidswerebuilt.（Giza的古代奇观令人印象深刻，即使是今天的科学家也不能确定金字塔

是如何建造的。）”可知，科学家们至今不知道金字塔是如何建造的。故选B。

10.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Tohelpmakethesepreciousresourcesaccessibletoall,DerManuelianheadsthe

GizaProject,anenormouscollectionofGizaphotographs,plans,drawings,objectrecords,anddiariesthatenables

onlinevisitstothesite.（为了帮助所有人都能获得这些宝贵的资源，DerManuelian领导了“Giza计划”，该计划

收集了大量的Giza照片、平面图、图纸、实物记录和日记，使人们能够在线访问该网站。）”可知，该计划

是为了让人们能够从网上获取Giza金字塔的相关信息。故选D。

11.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出Giza金字塔的永恒；第二段介绍了Giza金字塔的建造非常复杂；第三段

和第四段介绍了Giza金字塔让我们了解了古埃及人们的生活、文化等；最后则介绍了Giza计划。所以本文

是围绕Giza金字塔展开的。故选A。

D

(2022•辽宁丹东•高一期末)TheHongKongPalaceMuseum(HKPM),locatedintheWestKowloon

CulturalDistrictoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,wasestablishedonJune22andisscheduledto

opentothepubliconJuly2.Morethan40,000ticketsweresoldorreservedwithineighthoursonthefirstdayof

publicsale,andallfreevisitsonWednesdaysinJulywerefullybooked.

TheHKPM,notonlyaddstoculturalatmosphereinthecity,butalsoprovidesanewsiteforlocalresidents

andvisitorstolearnaboutthedevelopmentofChinesecivilizationandculture.Morethan900piecesoftreasures

fromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingwillbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.From

paintingstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilization,coveringall

categoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum,including166piecesoffirst-classculturalrelicsofthecountry.

Thiswillbethelargestandhighest-levelculturalheritageexhibitionsofthePalaceMuseumoutsideofthe

mainlandsinceitsestablishmentin1925.

Prepareworkfortheexhibitionsbeganin2018,withthePalaceMuseumfieldingateamofleadingexperts

andscholars,associatedwiththemanageteamoftheHKPM.

“ItisagreatthingtodisplaythepiecesofculturalrelicsinHongKong,whichreflectsthecentral

government5ssupporttothedevelopmentofHongKong'sculturalprojects,9,saidNg,addingthattheexhibitsfrom

thePalaceMuseumwillpresentaculturalfeasttoHongKongresidentsbytellingthemaboutthemotherland'slong

historyandsplendidculture.

"PromotingtraditionalChinesecultureisoneofourimportanttasks,“saidBettyFung,chiefexecutiveofficer

ofWestKowloonCulturalDistrictAuthority.ShesaidtheHKPMwillactivelypushaheadwiththepublicityofthe

motherland'scultureandhistoryafteritsopening,enhancingHongKongresidents5culturalconfidenceinthe

country,especiallyamongyouths.

FungsaidthattheHKPMwillactivelyenhancecooperationwithinternationalmuseums,tellingtheworldthe

storiesofChina,includingthestoriesofHongKong.

12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A.HongKongcitizenscanvisitthemuseumfreely.

B.HongKongPalaceMuseumiswarmlywelcomed.

C.HongKongcitizenscanenjoytheexhibitioninJune.

D.HongKongPalaceMuseumopenswithineighthoursperday.

13.WhatcanavisitorenjoyinTheHongKongPalaceMuseum?

A.900piecesoffirst-classculturalrelics.

B.ThehistoryofHongKongsince1925.

C.Thedevelopmentofinternationalcivilization.

D.AllcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum.

14.WhatisBettyFung'sattitudetowardsthemuseum?

A.Favorable.B.Disappointed.C.Doubtful.D.Puzzled.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HKPM:HongKong'sCulturalAuthority

B.HKPM:CooperationwithInternationalMuseums

C.HKPM:ANewCulturalLandmarkofHongKong

D.HKPM:ShowcaseofHongKong'sCulturalRelics

【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了香港故宫博物院的成立，它是香港文化历史上的一件大事，

从此香港有了新的文化地标。

12.推理判断题。根据第一段的"Morethan40,000ticketsweresoldorreservedwithineighthoursonthefirstday

ofpublicsale,andallfreevisitsonWednesdaysinJulywerefullybooked.^^（公开发售首日八小时内售出或预订

的门票超过4万张，7月份每个星期三的所有免费参观门票都被预订一空。）可知，香港故宫博物院受到了

游客的热烈欢迎。故选B项。

13.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Morethan900piecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseumin

Beijingwillbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompaintingstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspan

the5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilization,coveringallcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum”（北

京故宫博物院收藏的900多件珍品将在开幕展上展出。从绘画到古建筑，展品跨越5000年中华文明史，涵

盖故宫博物院藏品的各个门类。）可知，参观者在香港故宫博物院可以欣赏到各门类的故宫博物院藏品。故

选D项。

14.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的""PromotingtraditionalChinesecultureisoneofourimportanttasks,said

BettyFung.ShesaidtheHKPMwillactivelypushaheadwiththepublicityofthemotherland'scultureandhistory

afteritsopening,enhancingHongKongresidents9culturalconfidenceinthecountry,especiallyamongyouths.^^

（BettyFung说，“弘扬中华传统文化是我们的重要工作之一”。她表示，香港故宫博物院开门后将积极推动

对祖国文化和历史的宣传，增强香港居民特别是青年对国家的文化自信。）可知，BettyFung对博物馆持赞

成的态度。故选A项。

15.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段的"TheHKPM,notonlyaddstoculturalatmosphereinthecity,butalso

providesanewsiteforlocalresidentsandvisitorstolearnaboutthedevelopmentofChinesecivilizationand

culture.Morethan900piecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingwillbeputon

displayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompaintingstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistory

ofChinesecivilization,coveringallcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum,including166piecesof

first-classculturalrelicsofthecountry.Thiswillbethelargestandhighest-levelculturalheritageexhibitionsofthe

PalaceMuseumoutsideofthemainlandsinceitsestablishmentin1925.”（香港故宫博物院，不仅增添了城市的

文化氛围，也为当地居民和游客提供了一个了解中华文明和文化发展的新场所。北京故宫博物院收藏的900

多件珍品将在开幕展上展出。从绘画到古建筑，展品跨越5000年中华文明史，涵盖故宫博物院藏品的各个

门类，其中国家一级文物166件。这将是故宫博物院自1925年成立以来，在大陆以外规模最大、层次最高

的文化遗产展览。）可知，香港故宫博物院的成立是香港文化历史上的一件大事，为促进香港的文化发展起

到了巨大的促进作用，因此C项（香港故宫博物院：香港的新文化地标）适合作为文章标题。故选C项。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

（2022•北京东城•高一期末）WalkingUnderLiverpool

Inmostways,theEnglishcityofLiverpoolisnodifferentfromotherlargecities.Itisfullofpeople,

restaurants,museums,andshops.However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.16Formany

years,thetunnels（地道）werenearlyforgotten.Therewasnoevidencethatthetunnelswerereal.In2001,asmall

groupofcuriouspeopleweredelightedtodiscoverthattheoldalesweretrue.Ahugenetworkoftunnelssnaked

underthecity.

Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsometimeintheearly1800s.AmannamedJosephWilliamson

designedthem.17WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Weretheyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?Wecan

onlyguess.

18Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliamsonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecame

upwiththetunnelprojectsothathecouldofferpeoplejobs.AnotherguessisthatWilliamsonusedthetunnelsfor

secretbusiness.

StillothersthinkthatWilliamsonbuiltthetunnelsforsafetyreasons.Perhapshewasafraidthatsometypeof

dangerouseventwouldhappen.19

20Williamsondidnottellmanypeoplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.Maybehewrotedownhisreasons

andputthepaperssomewhereinthetunnels.Perhapsthosepaperswillonedaybefound.Fornow,themysteryof

theWilliamsonTunnelsremains.

A.Butthereisalotwestilldon'tknow.

B.Theideasareinteresting,butnooneknowsthetruth.

C.Underthebusystreets,therearemilesofoldtunnels.

D.Somepeoplewhostudythetunnelshavegotnewfindings.

E.OneideaisthatWilliamson,whowasrich,wastryingtohelpothers.

F.Nordoesanyoneknowforsureevenhowmanyofthetunnelsthereare.

G.Thetunnelswouldhaveofferedprotectionforhimselfandhislovedones.

【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.G20.B

【解析】本文是说明文。文章以走在利物浦为题，介绍了英国城市利物浦与众不同的地方，在于它有许多

地道及其相关知识。

16.上文“However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.（然而,利物浦以一种有趣的方式脱颖而出。）”

可知文章开始引入主题，表明利物浦有与众不同的地方；下文“Formanyyears,thetunnelswerenearlyforgotten.

（多年来，这些地道几乎被遗忘。）”可知，利物浦脱颖而出的原因在于这些地道。C项“在繁忙的街道下，有

几英里长的旧地道。”承上启下，指出这里有很多地道，承接上文，并引起下文详细讲解这些地道。故选C

项。

17.上文“Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsometimeintheearly1800s.（我们现在知道的这些地道是在

19世纪早期修建的。广在说明我们目前所了解的地道信息；下文“WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Were

theyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?（威廉姆森为什么想要建地道?它们曾经被使用过吗?如果被用过，做了什么

呢？）”三个问句，说明依然还有有关地道不了解的信息。A项“但还有很多我们还不知道的信息。”与上文形

成对照，与下文一致。故选A项。

18.下文“Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliamsonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecameupwith

thetunnelprojects。thathecouldofferpeoplejobs.（那时候很多人都失业了，而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。也

许他提出地道工程是为了给人们提供工作。广说明威廉姆森建地道的其中一个原因可能是为了帮助别人。E

项“其中一个想法是，富有的威廉姆森试图帮助他人。”中的tohelpothers（帮助他人）与下文一致。故选E项。

19.上文“Perhapshewasafraidthatsometypeofdangerouseventwouldhappen.（也许他是害怕会发生什么危险

的事情。）”说明他建地道或许是出于安全考虑，以保护自己。G项“地道可以保护他和他所爱的人。”与上文

一致。故选G项。

20.下文“Williamsondidnottellmanypeoplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.（威廉姆森没有告诉很多人他建造地道的

原因。）"和"Fornow,themysteryoftheWilliamsonTunnelsremains.（目前，威廉姆斯家族关于地道的谜团仍

然存在。）”说明他建地道的原因依然都是猜测，真正的原因并没有人知道。B项“这些想法很有趣，但没有

人知道真相。"nooneknowsthetruth（没有人知道真实情况）与下文内容一致。故选B项。

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选

项。

（2022•福建•莆田第二十五中学高一期中）TheBritishIslesconsistoftwolargeislands.Oneiscalled

Irelandand21Britain.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargeroneofthesetwoislands,anditis

22intothreeparts:Scotland,WalesandEngland.

TheUnitedKingdomisthatpartoftheBritishIsles23bytheQueen.ItismadeupofScotland,

WalesandEngland,thatis,the24ofBritain,andalsoaboutonesixthofIreland,thenorthernpart.The

25ofIrelandisself-governing.The26nameoftheUnitedKingdomistherefore“TheUnited

KingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”.

Englandis27andricherthanScotland,WalesandNorthernIreland,andhasthemost28of

theUnitedKingdom,sopeopleoftenusethewords“England"and"English“whenthey29"Britain”and

“British”.ThissometimesmakestheScotsandtheWelshalittle30.TheScotsinparticulararevery

proudoftheirseparatenationality.TheWelshtoodonot31themselvesastheEnglish,andhaveaculture

and32alanguageoftheirown.

IrelandbecamepartoftheUnitedKingdomin1801,butforfortyyearsthe“IrishQuestion“wasthegreatest

headacheoftheUnitedKingdom.33.Irelandwasdividedintotwo:NorthernIrelandstill34to

theUnitedKingdom,andin1922therestofIreland35tofoundanIrishFreeState,latercalledEireand

nowtheRepublicofIreland.

TheRepublicofIrelanddoesnotregarditselfaspartofBritain,andisnotnowevenasupporterofthe

CommonwealthofNations.UnlikethemajorCommonwealthcountries,itdidnotliftafingertohelpBritishinthe

SecondWorldWarandnowwantsthewholeofIrelandtobearepublic.

21.A.theoneB.theotherC.anotherD.other

22.A.dividedB.cutC.brokenD.separated

23.A.watchedoutB.takenupC.defendedagainstD.ruledover

24.A.halfB.partC.mostD.whole

25.A.smallerB.biggerC.restD.island

26.A.correctB.trueC.fullD.last

27.A.meanerB.widerC.poorerD.larger

28.A.collegesB.officialsC.citiesD.population

29.A.sayB.coverC.showD.write

30.A.angryB.cautiousC.enjoyableD.lonely

31.A.respectB.rankC.electD.regard

32.A.everB.evenC.seldomD.never

33.A.FinallyB.HoweverC.MeanwhileD.Instead

34.A.returnsB.belongsC.refersD.adds

35.A.turnedawayB.runawayC.brokeawayD.keptaway

【答案】2LB22.A23.D24.D25.C26.C27.D28.D29.A

30.A31.D32.B33.A34.B35.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国的地理概况、组成部分及历史渊源等。

21.考查不定代词词义辨析。句意:一个叫爱尔兰，另一个叫不列颠。A.theone这个；B.theothei•另

一个，两个中特指另一个；其他的，加名词复数；C.another另一个；D.other其他的，加名词复数。由上

文中的“twolargeislands.OneiscalledIreland”可知，此处为两个中的另一个，故选Bo

22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：大不列颠是这两个岛屿中较大的一个，它被分为三个部分：苏格兰、威尔

士和英格兰。A.divided分开；B.cut切割；C.broken破旧的；D.separated分离的。bedividedinto意为

“被分成...“；cutinto意为“打断，侵犯"；breakinto意为“破门而入”；separate常和from搭配，意为“分离，

分开"。根据"TheBritishIslesconsistoftwolargeislands.”可知，这是指地理划分。故选A。

23.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：联合王国是不列颠群岛的一部分，由女王统治。A.watchedout小心提

防;B.takenup拿起,从事;C.defendedagainst防卫,保卫;D.ruledover统治，支配。根据"TheUnitedKingdom^^

就是“theBritishIsles”中被女王统治的那一部分。故选D。

24.考查名词词义辨析。句意：它由苏格兰、威尔士和英格兰，也就是整个不列颠，以及北部的爱尔兰的

六分之一组成。A.half半；B.part部分；C.most大部分；D.whole全部。由第一段最后一句可知，Britain

是由Scotland,Wales和England三部分组成，所以说以上三部分就是整个的Britain。故选D。

25.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱尔兰其余地区实行自治。A.smaller更小的；B.bigger更大的；C.rest

其余的；D.island岛的。根据“thatis,the4ofBritain,andalsoaboutonesixthofIreland,the

northernpart.”爱尔兰分为两部分，北部为英国统治，其他部分自治。故选C。

26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，联合王国的全称是“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”。A.correct正

确的；B.true真的；C.full完全的，全部的；D.last最后的。根据"TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand

NorthernIreland”可知，此处指英国的全称。ftdlname"全名故选C。

27.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英格兰比苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰更大、更富有，是联合王国人口最

多的国家，所以人们在说“不列颠”和“英国人”时，经常使用“England”和“English”这两个词。A.meaner更吝

啬；B.wider更宽的；C.poorer更穷的；D.larger更大的。andricherthanScotland,WalesandNorthern

Ireland”可知，England比其他的地方更大（larger）,更富有。故选D。

28.考查名词词义辨析。句意：英格兰比苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰更大、更富有，是联合王国人口最多

的国家，所以人们在谢'不列颠”和“英国人”时，经常使用“England”和“English”这两个词。A.colleges大学；

B.officials官员；C.cities城市；