湖北省部分高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

学年度上学期湖北省部分普通高中期末联考高二英语试卷试卷满分：分注意事项：答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。答选择题时必须使用铅笔，将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答非选择题时，必须使用毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分分）第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whereisthemangoingtocollectthewoman?A.Atherhome.B.Atthebusstation.C.Atthelibrary.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:ShallIpickyouupfromyourhometomorrowevening?cangotoMary’shometogether.W:I’mgoingtobeatthelibraryuntileight.M:Icanpickyouupfromthelibrarysoyouwon’thavetotakeabus.W:Thanks,thatwillbegreat.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendoesthewomansuggestthemanebackforthematch?A.At4:10.B.At4:20.C.At4:30.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Amy,whattimedoesthebasketballmatchstart?第1页/共27页W:Itstartsathalfpastfour.M:Whattimeisitnow?AmIlate?W:No,it’sonlytenpastfour.cangoforawalkandebacktenminuteslater.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.confirminformation.B.askforhelp.C.expressthanks.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellmewherethenearestsupermarketis?M:Sure,godownhere.Whenyoureachthecrossroad,turnright.alongthestreetandyou’llseeitontheothersideofthestreet.W:Isee.Thankyou.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchdidthemanspendonthecup?A.£15.00.B.£16.00.C.£19.00.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Thecupthatyouwantedcostsixteenpoundsinthesupermarket.M:Iknow,butIwasreallyluckyandgotitforfifteenpoundsfromalocalshoplastweek.Theyweresellingitfornineteenpounds.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Shopassistantandcustomer.B.Guideandvisitor.C.Motherandson.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Thisisyourorangejuicemadam.W:Thankyou.Bytheway,whydon’tyousellhotchocolatewhentheweatheriscold?M:Goodidea.Canyoumailyourideastome?Myemailaddressis15121995@gmai.Anddon’tforgettovisitourwebsite.It’s第二节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）第2页/共27页听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。6.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthejobofthewoman’sfather?A.Itiswellpaid.B.Itisdifficult.C.Itisinteresting.7.Whatdoesthewoman’sfathermainlydonow?A.Heconductsexperiments.B.Heteacheschemistry.C.Hedoeswork.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:fatherisachemistinabigpany?Thatmustbefascinating,butdoeshehavetospendmuchtimeinanW:Oh,hedidthatlastyear,buthedidn’tenjoyitverymuch.Sotheyhimaplaceinoneoftheirlaboratories.He’sveryinterestedindoingexperimentsthere.M:Doeshestillwanttodosometeaching?W:He’lldosomelaterintheyear.He’stoobusy8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Atripplan.B.Acookingcourse.C.Abirthdayparty.9.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Atthesupermarket.B.Intherestaurant.C.Attheyouthclub.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Makesandwiches.B.Contacthismom.C.Findablanket.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:OK,weneedtofinalizetheplanforthetripthisSaturday.Whattimeshallwemeet?M:Isuggestmeetingattheyouthclubatteno’clock.W:That’sperfect.havetimetogetsomefoodfromthesupermarket.第3页/共27页M:wecangetsomebreadandcheesetomakesomesandwiches.W:Goodidea.Didyouaskyourmomifwecouldborrowthepicnicblanket?M:Ohno,I’llsendheratextmessageI’msureshe’llsayyes.Whoisthemanprobably?A.Abankclerk.B.Afarmer.C.Ateacher.12.WhatdidthewomandoinSouthAfrica?A.Sheprotectedwildlife.B.Shecampedintheforest.C.Sheworkedinazoo.13.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheexperience?A.Itischallenging.B.Itisrewarding.C.Itisexciting.【答案】A12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:HiMark,Ihaven’theardfromyouforalongtime.Howhaveyoubeen?M:HiPaula,I’vebeendoingwell.I’mworkinginabankintheadministrativeareaandhowareyou?Iheardyou’vebeentoanothercountry.meaboutit.W:IjustcamebackfromSouthAfrica.Iwastherevolunteeringatanaturepreserve.TheprojectIworkedonwasaboutwildlifeprotection.Icollectedrelevantinformationonlions,elephantsandotheranimals.M:Thatsoundsgreat.musthavelearnedalot.W:Mark,whenIwasthere,Ihadtheopportunitytoseetheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat.Itrackedandrecordedtheirmovements,behaviourandecologicalimpactsonthespecies.I’velearnedalot.Itismeaningful.14.Howdoesthewomansoundinthebeginning?A.B.Humorous.C.Surprised.15.Whydidtheman’smomwanttoremovethebed?A.Itwaslarge.B.Itwasold.C.Itwasugly.16.Whatworriesthewomanaboutherroom?A.Itsspace.B.Itscolor.C.Itslocation.17.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?第4页/共27页A.Colorthewalls.B.Donatesomeclothes.C.Changearoom.【答案】14.C15.B16.A17.B【解析】【原文】W:How’sthedecoratinggoinginyourroom,Isitfinishedyet?M:It’sgoingokay.einandhavealookatthechanges.W:itlookspletelydifferent.Ican’tbelievemyeyes.takenoutthesparebed.Iguessyourmomwashappywiththat.Shethoughtitdidn’tlookgoodtoputsomethinghere,didn’tshe?M:itwasquiteold,soshethoughtitwastimetomakesomechanges.paintedthewalls,too.W:youchosepurple.Isityourfavoritecolor?M:Hmm,itmadetheroomdarker,butIdon’tmindthat.ItmeansIcanseemyputerscreenbetter.W:I’mlookingforwardtochangingmyroom,too.Thethingis,whateverIdowithit,Ican’tfindenoughspaceforallmythings.M:That’sbecauseyou’vegotsomanyclothes.Myroomwasfull,too.Istoredsomethingsundermybed,butthatdidn’timproveitmuch.Oh,youcangivetheclothesyoudon’tweartopeoplewhoneedthem.W:Goodidea.18.Whatwillstudentsneedtodo?A.Attendmeetingsontime.B.Dealwithemails.C.Createdatabases.19.Whatcanstudentsgetopportunitiestodointheorganization?A.theirnativelanguages.B.Cooperatewithlargeorganizations.C.inasmallteam.20.Howcanstudentsgetmoreinformationabouttheorganization?A.Bycallingthespeaker.B.Byvisitingitinperson.C.Bylookingatitsblog.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorningeveryone.Areyoulookingforworkthatwillgiveyouvaluableexperienceandhelpyougetmoreknowledge?Ifso,etoourorganization.organizelinksbetweenschoolsallovertheworld.currentlyhavethreeworkexperiencepositionsavailableforstudentsfromyourcollege.Theworkwillinvolve第5页/共27页arangeoftasksincludingdealingwithemails,arrangingmeetings,andkeepingourdatabaseuptodate.areparticularlyinterestedinofferingthesepositionstostudentswithsomeknowledgeoftwoormorelanguages.provideyouwithopportunitiestofinishjobsinasmallteam.Here,youcandevelopawiderrangeofskillsthaninalargerorganization.Ourinternationalnetworkmeansthatyoucanalsokeepincontactwith.Peopleallovertheworldyoucanfindfurtherinformationaboutourorganizationonourblog.lookforwardtohearingfromanyofyou.Bestwishestoyouall.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分分）第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(CrookedHouse)Sopot,Polandpleted:2004Inspiration:FairytalesSize:Aboutthreefourthsthesizeofafootballfielditswarped(弯曲的)wallsandaroofthatlookslikegreendragonscales(鳞片)CrookedHouseispopularwithphotographers.Inside,though,isatypicalmallandbuilding.Peoplecanshopinthestores,eatintherestaurants,andgettheirhaircutinasalon.AfavoritefeatureistheofFame,withsignaturesfromPolishcelebrities.It’smodeledaftertheHollywoodofFame.Rotterdam,Netherlandspleted:1984Inspiration:inaforestSize:AboutonefourththesizeofabasketballcourtThe38CubeHousesareapopularattraction,buttheyarealsorealhousesthatpeoplelivein!ArchitectPietBlomdesignedthehomesbasedontheideaof“livingasanurbanroof”,withthehousingaboveandthecourtyards,shops,andevenamuseumPigeonForge,pleted:2006第6页/共27页Inspiration:AlaboratoryinanItalianstylehouse.Whatifanexperimeninsidethrewthebuildingintotheairandmadeitlandupsidedown?Size:AboutninetenthsthesizeofafootballfieldThisindooramusementparkisactuallyprettynormal.TheupsidedownfeaturesarejustforInsidearemorethan100handsonscienceexhibitsandactivities,includingahurricaneforcewindtunnel,azerogravityastronauttrainingride,andathreestoryropescourse.Guangzhou,Chinapleted:2010Inspiration:ErosionofrocksandlandscapesSize:About13timesthesizeofafootballfieldTheGuangzhouOperaHousewasdesignedbyIraqibornarchitectZahaHadid.Shesaidsheletnaturalplacesinspireherbuildings,suchasthisoperahouseonthePearlRiver.Thoughnatureinspiredthearchitect,sheused21stcenturyconstructionanddesignmethodstomakeherdesignareality.21.WhatisafeatureofKrzywyDomek?A.ItisthesameastheHollywoodofFame.B.Itshowsthesignaturesoffamouspeople.C.Ithasdragonthemedpaintings.D.Itisupsidedown.22.WhatcanvisitorsdoatA.Enjoyatheater.B.Gettheirhaircut.C.Goshoppingatasupermarket.D.Experiencesciencefocusedactivities.23.WhatinspiredthearchitectoftheGuangzhouOperaHouse?A.Alaboratory.B.Afairytale.C.Nature.D.Music.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上一些令人惊叹的建筑。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据部分的“AfavoritefeatureistheofFame,withsignaturesfromPolishcelebrities.It'smodeledaftertheHollywoodofFame.(一个受欢迎的特色是名人墙，上面有波兰名人的签名。它是模仿好莱坞星光大道)”可知，KrzywyDomek的特点是它展示了名人的签名。故选B。【22题详解】第7页/共27页细节理解题。根据部分的“Insidearemorethan100handsonscienceexhibitsandactivities,includingahurricaneforcewindtunnel,azerogravityastronauttrainingride,andathreestoryropescourse.(里面有100多个动手科学展览和活动，包括一个飓风强度的风洞、一个零重力宇航员训练骑行和一个三层楼的绳索课程)”可知，游客在可以体验以科学为重点的活动。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TheGuangzhouOperaHousewasdesignedbyIraqibornarchitectZahaHadid.Shesaidsheletnaturalplacesinspireherbuildings,suchasthisoperahouseonthePearlRiver.(广州大剧院由伊拉克出生的建筑师扎哈·哈迪德设计。她说，她让自然场所激发她的建筑设计灵感，比如这座位于珠江上的歌剧院)”可知，广州大剧院的建筑师受到了大自然的启发。故选C。BCaring17yearold,LaurenSchroederwasinspiredtohelpbringhealthyfoodtoneedyfamiliesinhermunity.atafoodshelterwhenshewasjust14,andtaskedwithhelpingfillboxesforhouseholdsinneedwithpackagedfood,thisIowateenfeltthatsomethingwasmissingfromthedonateditems:freshvegetables.ThiskindheartedteenthentoldherparentsaboutherdesiretostartagardenonpartoftheirfamilyfarminDixon,Iowa,inordertosupplylocalfamiliesinneedwithfreshproduce.TheworkinvolvedinrealizingLauren’splanwasnotawalkinthepark.Whileproudofherdaughter’sideaandeagertosupportherproject,KatieSchroeder,hermother,admittedtosomeconcernabouttheworkload:“Howmuchworkisthisgoingtobe?”Thiswasonedeterminedyoungchangemaker,however!Laurenresearchedplantsonline,checkingwhichspeciesneededmoreshade,howmuchwaterwasrequired,andthebesttimestoharvesteachcrop.Moreimportantly,Laurendidn’tshyawayfromhardwork.DuringIowa’shotanddrysummers,shehadtowaterhercropsbyhandforaroundtwotothreehoursdaily.Shealsocheckeddailyforweeds(杂草)andbent(弯腰)downtopickhergreenbeancrop,themostchallengingvegetabletoharvestinheropinion.helpfromherfamily,sheplantedhalfanacre(英亩)ofland,with15varietiesofvegetablesin2022,harvestingherfirstcrops,totaling40pounds.Theeightinitialbeneficiariesincludedfoodbanks,anursinghome,andasoupkitchen.Inthepasttwoyears,thisadmirablehighschooljuniorhasdonatedmorethan7,000poundsofhomegrownproduce,withanestimatedvalueofUS$15,000.Explaininghermotivationtolocalmedia,Laurensays:“Iwantedtohavesomethingthatwouldimpactpeople.Iwanttoimpactmunitymembers.Manypeoplehelpyouout,butitmakesmoredifferencewhenyouhelp第8页/共27页othersout.That’swhatmakesmehappiest.”24.WhatinspiredLauren’sinterestinplantingvegetablesherself?A.Afoodsheltervisit.B.Herloveforgardening.C.Thelackofdonatedfreshvegetables.D.Herdesireforhealthyvegetables.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“awalkinthepark”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Aneffectivesolution.B.Aspecialcase.C.Anewconcept.D.Aneasytask.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLauren?A.Hardworkingandstrongwilled.B.Slowmovingandsoftspoken.C.Outgoingandgoodhumored.D.Quickthinkingandwellmannered.27.WhatisthedrivingforcebehindLauren’sactions?A.Promotingahealthylifestyle.B.Affectingpeoplearoundher.C.Drawingsupportfromherparents.D.recognitioninlocalmedia.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述的是17岁的LaurenSchroeder如何受到启发，决定在她的社区为贫困家庭提供健康食物的故事。【24题详解】atafoodshelterwhenshewasjust14,andtaskedwithhelpingfillboxesforhouseholdsinneedwithpackagedfood,thisIowateenfeltthatsomethingwasmissingfromthedonateditems:freshvegetables.(当她14食品的盒子，这个爱荷华州的女孩觉得捐赠的物品中缺少了一些东西：新鲜蔬菜。)”可知，激发了Lauren对自己种植蔬菜的兴趣的是缺乏捐赠的新鲜蔬菜。故选C。【25题详解】TheworkinvolvedinrealizingLauren’splanwasnot(实现劳伦的计划所涉及的工作却没有)”和“Whileproudofherdaughter’sideaandeagertosupportherproject,KatieSchroeder,hermother,admittedtosomeconcernabouttheworkload(她的母亲KatieSchroeder)Lauren的计划可不是一件轻而易举的事情”，awalkinthepark的意思是“轻而易举的任务”，和Aneasytask意思相近。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“DuringIowa’shotanddrysummers,shehadtowaterhercropsbyhandforaround第9页/共27页twotothreehoursdaily.Shealsocheckeddailyforweeds(杂草)andbent(弯腰)downtopickhergreenbeancrop,themostchallengingvegetabletoharvestinheropinion.(在爱荷华州炎热干燥的夏季，她每天不得不亲手给作物浇水大约两到三个小时。她还会每天检查杂草，并弯腰采摘她的绿豆作物，在她看来，这是最难采)”可知，Laurenhardworking和strongwilled来描述Lauren。故选A。【27题详解】Explaininghermotivationtolocalmedia,Laurensays:“Iwantedtohavesomethingthatwouldimpactpeople.Iwanttoimpactmunitymembers.Manypeoplehelpyouout,butitmakesmoredifferencewhenyouhelpothersout.That’swhatmakesmehappiest.”(Lauren)”可知，Lauren的行为背后的驱动力是影响她周围的人。故选B。CThePublicLibraryinMassachusetts,announcedthatthroughtheendofMarch,peoplewhohavelostordamagedabookorotherborroweditemscanbringaphotograph,drawing,ormagazineclippingofacat,andgettheirlibrarycardsreactivated.ThelibrarycallstheprogramMarchMeowness,awayforthesystemofsevenbrancheslibrarytoforgivemembersofthemunitywhomisplacedabookordamagedaborroweditem,andthenneverwentbacktoavoidpayingforit.Injustafewdays,theprogramhasalreadygeneratedhundredsofreturns,multiplepostingsofcatphotographsonthelibrary’sFacebookpage,andphotographsanddrawingspinnedonagrowing“catwall”inthemainbuilding.ThelocalBroadcastingStation,WBUR,describeditasa“neverbefur(before)triedinitiative,”andurgedestablishedcustomerstohurryand“actmeow(now).”Sofar,theresponse,WBURsaid,makesJasonHomer,theexecutivedirectorofthelibrary,“feline(feeling)good.”Mr.HomersaidinaninterviewonMondaythatabout400peoplehavehadtheirlibraryaccountsunblockedandborrowingprivilegesrestoredafterbringingintheirpicturesordrawingsofcats.Anycatwilldo,oreven,forthatmatter,anycreaturewilldo.takealotofhonorarycats,”Mr.Homersaid.“Anyungovernableanimal.”Ifyoudon’thaveacat?Noproblem.Onecatless7yearoldboy,whoneverreturneda“CaptainUnderpants”book,hadhislibrarycardreactivatedafterthegavehimpaperandcrayonstosketchone.第10页/共27页LikemanypubliclibrariesintheUnitedStates,thelibrariesinacityofabout200,000peoplesouthwestofBoston,aretryingtoencouragepeopletoreemergefromtheinfrequent,lonelydaysofthepandemic(疫情).Usedasvaccinesitesthroughthepandemic,thecity’slibrarieshavereturnedtobeelivelymunityspaces,crafts,wellnesscourses,andsession(讨论会)aboutavoidingfraud.28.Whatisthepurposeofthe“MarchMeowness”program?A.restartlibrarycardsforsomereaders.B.providediscountsonlibrarymemberships.C.collectbooksaboutcatsfrompeople.D.raisefundstofeedandprotectstreetcats.29.Howhasthe“MarchMeowness”programbeenreceived?A.Ithasledtoanincreaseincatadoptions.B.Ithasbeenpopularforthefirstfewdays.C.Ithasnotbeensuccessfulandthelocalmediahelpedtopromoteit.D.Ithasresultedinasignificantnumberofreturnsandcatrelatedactivities.30.Whatdoestheexampleofthe7yearoldboyshow?A.Thethoughtfulnessofthelibraryinreactivatinglibrarycards.B.Theimportanceofreturninglibrarybooksontime.C.Theboy’simaginationandtalentfordrawing.D.Theconsequencesoflosinglibrarybooks.31.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthelibrariesinAOnlyasmallnumberofpeoplegotheretoread.B.Theyremainedclosedduringthepandemic.C.Theyhavehelpedimproveandenrichpeople’slife.D.Theywillbetransformedintoteachingcenters.【答案】28.A29.D30.A31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是马萨诸塞州市的公共图书馆推出的一项名为“MarchMeowness”的活动。【28题详解】ThePublicLibraryinMassachusetts,announcedthatthroughtheendofMarch,peoplewhohavelostordamagedabookorotherborroweditemscanbringaphotograph,drawing,ormagazineclippingofacat,andgettheirlibrarycardsreactivated.(马萨诸塞州市的公共图书馆宣布，截至3月底，丢失或损坏书籍或其他借阅物品的读者可以带来一张猫的照片、画作或杂志剪贴第11页/共27页画，以重新激活他们的借书证。)MarchMeowness”项目的目的是重新启用部分读者的借书证。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Injustafewdays,theprogramhasalreadygeneratedhundredsofreturns,multiplepostingsofcatphotographsonthelibrary’sFacebookpage,andphotographsanddrawingspinnedonagrowing“catwall”inthemainbuilding.(在短短几天内，该项目已经促使数百人归还物品，图书馆的脸书页面上贴满了猫的照片，主楼的“猫墙”上也挂满了越来越多的照片和画作。)MarchMeowness”的项目带来了大量的书籍归还和与猫相关的活动。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ifyoudon’thaveacat?Noproblem.Onecatless7yearoldboy,whoneverreturneda“CaptainUnderpants”book,hadhislibrarycardreactivatedafterthegavehimpaperandcrayonstosketchone.(如果你没有猫？没问题。一个没有猫的7岁男孩从未归还过一本叫“CaptainUnderpants”的书，工作人员给了他纸和蜡笔让他画一只猫，之后他的借书证就被重新激活了。)”可知，这个7岁男孩的例子说明了图书馆工作人员在重新激活图书证时的周到。故选A。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“LikemanypubliclibrariesintheUnitedStates,thelibrariesinacityofabout200,000peoplesouthwestofBoston,aretryingtoencouragepeopletoreemergefromtheinfrequent,lonelydaysofthepandemic(疫情).Usedasvaccinesitesthroughthepandemic,thecity’slibrarieshavereturnedtobeelivelymunityspaces,offeringcrafts,wellnesscourses,andsession(讨论会)aboutavoiding20的图书馆也在努力鼓励人们摆脱疫情期间那些不常见且孤独的日子。疫情期间，这些图书馆被用作疫苗接种点，现在又重新焕发生机，成为活跃的社区空间，提供手工艺、健康课程和关于防范欺诈的讨论会。)”可知，的图书馆改善和丰富了人民生活。故选C。DScientistsexploringamarinetrench(海沟)nearJapanwereastonishedtofindafishat8,336metersbelowthesurface.Thecreatureisatypeofsnailfish,andit’sprobablythedeepestfishanyonewilleverfind.Thepreviousrecordholder,ayoungsnailfishseenintheMarianawasfilmedatadepthof8,178metersin2017.Fishsurviveunderhighpressuresofextremedepthsbecauseofosmolytesintheircells(细胞).Theamountofosmolytesincreasesatgreaterdepthstoensurefishcellsdon’tshrink(收缩)toomuchatenormouspressures,butthelevelsoftheosmolytesreachtheirhighestataround8,400meters.Sothat’sthelimitoffishphysiology(生理第12页/共27页机能).ScientistProsantaChakrabartyisimpressedthatthefishcouldsurvivesofardown,wherethewaterpressureis800timesthatofthesurface.“Atthatdepth,everythingfromgasexchangeforbreathingtoalmosteveryphysiologicalfunctionseemsimpossible,”hesays.“Icanbarelyswimtothebottomofaswimmingpoolwithoutmyearspopping.”DeepseascientistAlanJamieson’steamdiscoveredthesnailfishinAugust2022intheIzuOgasawaranearJapan,whichconnectstotheMarianainthesouth.ThedeepestpartsoftheJapanesetrenchareslightlywarmerthanthewatersatsimilardepthsintheMariana,reachingabout1.7degreesCelsius.Theslightdifferenceintemperatureseemstobewhythesnailfishsurvives.Osmolytesarelesseffectiveatlowtemperatures,andthesesnailfisharelivingneartheedgeofwhat’spossible.Theresearchersuseda“lander”—anunderwatervehicleequippedwithcameras—tophotographthefish.Thelanderthatmadethefindingphotographedasingleyoungsnailfishat8,336meters.Over400speciesofsnailfishareknownfromshallowwaterstoextremedepths,andeachspeciesadaptstowhereitlives.“Eachtrenchhasitsownsnailfishinit.Oncethey’vegrowntocopeinatrench,theycannotdepress(解压)togetfromonetrenchtoanother,”saysJamieson,wholedtheteamthatmadethediscovery.Andhealsonotedthepartplayedbytechnologyinthediscovery.32.Howdoesthissnailfishfromthoselivinginshallowwaters?A.Itscellsaremuchlargerinsize.B.Itmovesatmuchslowerspeeds.C.Itsbodycontainsmanymoreosmolytes.D.Itisabletoliveamuchlongerlife.33.WhatdoesChakrabartywanttoshowbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3?A.Thesnailfish’samazingabilitytocopewithenormouspressures.B.Theacceptablepressuresatthebottomofaswimmingpool.C.Thechallengeoffindingafishatthedeepestpartsofatrench.D.Thegreatchangesinpressureatdifferentdepthsofwater.34.Whatmakesitpossibleforthesnailfishtobreakthe2017record?A.Thetrench’sspecialstructure.B.Thelargeamountoffood.C.Thelowerpressure.D.Thewarmerwater.35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AdeeperunderstandingofunexploredtrenchesB.HowastrangelookingfishsurvivesC.HowresearchersexplorethedeepseaD.Thedeepestfisheverrecorded第13页/共27页【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家在日本附近的海沟发现了一种生活在极端深海环境中的狮子鱼，这是目前已知生活在最深水域的鱼类。【32题详解】Fishsurviveunderhighpressuresofextremedepthsbecauseofosmolytesintheircells(细胞).Theamountofosmolytesincreasesatgreaterdepthstoensurefishcellsdon’tshrink(收缩)toomuchatenormouspressures,butthelevelsoftheosmolytesreachtheirhighestataround8,400meters.(鱼类之所以能在极深的高压下生存，是因为它们细胞中的渗透细胞。渗透细胞的数量在更深的地方增加，以确保鱼的细胞在8400)水区的狮子鱼的不同之处在于它的身体含有更多的渗透细胞。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““Atthatdepth,everythingfromgasexchangeforbreathingtoalmosteveryphysiologicalfunctionseemsimpossible,”hesays.“Icanbarelyswimtothebottomofaswimmingpoolwithoutmyearspopping.”()”可知，在那个深度，几乎所有的生理功能似乎都是不可能的，由此可推知，Chakrabarty想通过说出第三段中划线的句子来表达狮子鱼应对巨大压力的惊人能力。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ThedeepestpartsoftheJapanesetrenchareslightlywarmerthanthewatersatsimilardepthsintheMariana,reachingabout1.7degreesCelsius.Theslightdifferenceintemperatureseemstobewhythesnailfishsurvives.(日本海沟的最深处比Mariana的相似深度的海水略热，达到约1.7摄氏度。温度的微小差异似乎是狮子鱼存活下来的原因。)”可知，让狮子鱼有可能打破2017年的纪录的是温暖的海水。故选D。【35题详解】Scientistsexploringamarinetrench(海沟)nearJapanwereastonishedtofindafishat8,336metersbelowthesurface.Thecreatureisatypeofsnailfish,andit’sprobablythedeepestfishanyonewilleverfind.Thepreviousrecordholder,ayoungsnailfishseenintheMarianawasfilmedatadepthof8,178metersin2017.(科学家们在日本附近的一个海沟里惊奇地发现了一条鱼，在水下8336米的地方。这种生物是一种狮子鱼，它可能是人们能找到的最深的鱼。之前的纪录保持者是2017年在Mariana海8178米。)第14页/共27页活在极端深海环境中的狮子鱼，这是目前已知生活在最深水域的鱼类，因此最好的标题是D选项“Thedeepestfisheverrecorded(有记录以来最深的鱼)”。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）There’sonethingforcertainwe’reallgettingolder.Andwhiletheolderamongusmaybenospringchickensanymore,growingoldgracefullyisnobadthing.____36____.However,astheworldpopulationages,willtherebeenoughpeopletoreplaceouryoungerselves?Asituationwheretherearemoreoldpeoplethanyoungcertainlyhasanontheworld.____37____.Accordingtoit,globallythenumberofpeopleover65yearsoldwilltriple(增至三倍)by2050,greatlychangingsomecountries’demographicmakeup(人口组成).Thisgrowinganddependentpopulationmeansthatthereisanincreaseddemandforhealthandsocialcare.Governmentswillstruggletoprovidesatisfactorypensions(养老金),whichareultimatelyfundedbytaxes(税)paidbytheworkingpopulation.Andlongterm,asmallerpopulationofeconomicallyactivepeoplemaybeaproblemforpaniestryingtoemploy____38____.ThePewResearchCentersurveyfoundthat87%ofJapanesepeopleweremostconcernedaboutit,whileonly26%ofpeoplefromtheUSAwereanxiousaboutit.Here,immigration(移民)ishelpingtoboost(使增长)theyoungerworkforce.Somecountriesthoughttheelderlyshouldtakecareofthemselves,whileothersthoughtitwastheresponsibilityofthefamily.Manythoughtthegovernmentshouldberesponsible.Butoldageshouldn’tjustbeseennegatively.____39____.Somehavewealthwhichtheycanspendhelpingtheeconomy.Somehavethepassiontohelpsocietybydoingvoluntaryorcharitywork.____40____.Theseincludeincreasingtheretirementage,encouragingpeopletosaveforthefuture,persuadingskilledandeducatedmigrantstofilllabourshortages,orevenconvincingpeopletohavemorechildren.A.AreportwasmadebythePewResearchCenter.B.Ofcourse,solutionsareneededtosolvetheissue.C.Therefore,anagingpopulationleadstoimprovementsthatbenefitsallagegroups.D.Elderlypeoplehaveknowledgeandexperiencetheycanpasson.E.ageeswisdom.F.Attitudestoanageingpopulationvaryaroundtheworld.G.Theagingpopulationpresentsanopportunityforeconomicdiversification(多元化).【答案】36.E37.A38.F39.D40.B第15页/共27页【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人口老龄化这一现象以及其带来的好处和挑战。36题详解】根据前文“There’sonethingforcertainwe’reallgettingolder.Andwhiletheolderamongusmaybenospringchickensanymore,growingoldgracefullyisnobadthing.(有一件事是肯定的——我们都在变老。虽然我们中的老年人可能不再是年轻的年轻人，但优雅地变老并不是一件坏事。)”可知，这里在说人都会变老，优雅地变老也不错，E选项ageeswisdom.(岁月带来智慧。)可知，承接上文，进一步说明变老的好处。故选E项。【37题详解】根据后文“Accordingtoit,globallythenumberofpeopleover65yearsoldwilltriple(增至三倍)by2050,greatlychangingsomecountries’demographicmakeup(人口组成).(根据该报告，到2050年，全球65岁以上it”指代前文提到的某个事物，A选项AreportwasmadebythePewResearchCenter.(皮尤研究中心做了一份报告。)it”指代“areport”，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选A项。【38题详解】根据后文“ThePewResearchCentersurveyfoundthat87%ofJapanesepeopleweremostconcernedaboutit,whileonly26%ofpeoplefromtheUSAwereanxiousaboutit.Here,immigration(移民)ishelpingtoboost(使增长)theyoungerworkforce.Somecountriesthoughttheelderlyshouldtakecareofthemselves,whileothersthoughtitwastheresponsibilityofthefamily.Manythoughtthegovernmentshouldberesponsible.(皮尤研究中心的调查发现，87%的日本人最担心这个问题，而只有