四川省苍溪中学2024-2025学年高二下学期入学考试英语试题

苍溪中学高2023级高二下入学考试英语试题(满分150分，考试时间120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whenwillthemanseethefilm?A.OnThursday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnWednesday.2.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomanwear?A.Herhat.B.Herscarf.C.Hergloves.3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A.It'sbig.B.It'squiet.C.It'snew.4.Whatwillthespeakersdotoday?A.Gotoanartshow.B.Meettheman'saunt.C.EatoutwithDavid.5.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Driverandpassenger.B.Bossandemployee.C.Husbandandwife.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onthephone.B.Inthehospital.C.Atarestaurant.7.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Sad.B.Hungry.C.Sleepy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whoisthewomanapologizingto?A.Herfriend.B.Herfamily.C.Herneighbor.9.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthecat'sbehavior?A.Understanding.B.Angry.C.Worried.10.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Findhiscat.B.Repairthewindow.C.Coverthecostofthesteak.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdoesthemanrememberpeople'sbirthdays?A.Bysettingremindersonhisphone.B.Bywritingdownthedatesinanotebook.C.Byconnectingthemwithsomethingmemorable.12.Whatisthewomangoodat?A.Repairingthings.B.Organizingspecialevents.C.Learningnewthingsquickly.13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'stalent?A.Surprising.B.Functional.C.Interesting.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whyisthemanworriedaboutthewoman?A.Shedidn'tmanagehertimewell.B.Sheisdoingpoorlyatschoolwork.C.Sheforgottoorganizeherschoolmaterials.15Whendoesthewomanusuallygotosleep?A.At9:30p.m.B.At10:00p.m.C.At10:30p.m.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydofirst?A.Finishherdinner.B.Doherhomework.C.Chooseclothes.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisalwaysignoredbypeopleaboutdevelopingnewrelationships?A.Showingpoliteness.B.Planningasocialevent.C.Beingagoodlistener.18.Whatshouldpeoplefocusonduringsmalltalk?A.Others'actions.B.Others'interests.C.Others'feelings.19.Whatdoesthespeakerstalkaboutintheend?A.Howtoexpressopinions.B.Howtofinishaconversation.C.Howtodealwithdisagreements.20.Whoarethelisteners?AResearchers.B.Teachers.C.Students.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ANEMOScienceMuseuminAmsterdamNEMOScienceMuseuminAmsterdamisastimulatingscene.Childrenofdifferentageshavefunwithhugesoapbubblesandexperimentsinthechemistrylab.Grownups,withorwithoutchildrenoftheirown,havefunatNEMO,too.It’shardtoholdbackwhenyouarepresentedwithallthedevicesandexperiments.VisitingNEMOAmsterdamNEMOhousesloadsofhandsonscienceandtechnologyexhibitionsinsideitslargeboatshapedbuilding.Nomatterwhatyourbackgroundis,youwilllearnsomethingnewandhavefuninexcitinggames.Attractionschangeregularly,socheckthehomepagetogetthelatestword.Rooftopsquare:theroofisfreelyaccessibleforeveryone.YoucanfindtheopenairexhibitionEnergeticaandarestaurantontheroof,withbeautifulviewsofthecityofAmsterdam.NEMOticketsThemuseumcanbecrowded,soyoucanbuyyourNEMOticketsinadvance.4yearsandolder€17.50Childrenunder4free20%discountforstudentgroupsofmorethanfifteenOpeninghoursNEMOisopenfromTuesdaytoSunday,10:00a.m.～17:30p.m.AccessibilityNEMOiseasilyaccessiblebypublictransportThemuseum’seyecatchingcoppergreenbuildingiseasytospotfromAmsterdamCentralStation.Bybus:TakeBus22andgetoffatKadijksplein.Onfoot:Weatherpermitting,a15minutewalktoNEMOfromtheCentralStationisaniceoptionjusttoviewthespectaculararchitectureandthesurroundingpiers(码头)andships.Bycar:NEMOisaccessiblebycar.However,parkinginthecentreofAmsterdamisexpensive.NEMOdoesnothaveanyparkingfacilitiesofitsown.1.WhatcanvisitorsexpecttoexperienceattheNEMOScienceMuseum?A.Excitinginteractionwithchemicalscientists.B.ManyHandsonscienceandtechnologyexhibitions.C.Stimulatingobservationofsciencedemonstrations.D.Variousoutdooractivitiesontherooftopsquare.2.Howmuchdotwoteacherswithtwentypupilshavetopay?A.€35. B.€105. C.€308. D.€385.3.WhichisaremendedwaytogotoNEMOfromAmsterdamCentralStation?A.Usingpersonalcarsforconvenientparking.B.Walkingnearly15minutesalongthecanals.C.Takingataxidirectlytothemuseumentrance.D.TakingBus22andgettingoffatKadijksplein.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的NEMO科学博物馆，包括它的特色，票价，设施和交通选择等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据VisitingNEMO部分中的“AmsterdamNEMOhousesloadsofhandsonscienceandtechnologyexhibitionsinsideitslargeboatshapedbuilding.(阿姆斯特丹NEMO在其大型船形建筑内设有大量可实践的科技展览)”可知，游客可以在NEMO科学博物馆体验许多可实践的科技展览。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据NEMOtickets部分中的表格第一栏“4yearsandolder€17.50(4岁及以上€17.50)”和第三栏“20%discountforstudentgroupsofmorethanfifteen(超过15人的学生团体可享受20%的折扣)”可知，两名老师带着二十名学生需要支付：17.5*22*80%=308，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Accessibility部分的“Bybus:TakeBus22andgetoffatKadijksplein.(公交车：乘坐22路公交车在Kadijksplein下车)”可知，从阿姆斯特丹中央车站前往NEMO的推荐方式是乘坐22路公交车在Kadijksplein下车。故选D。BThefirstdayofschoolourprofessorintroducedhimselfandchallengedustogettoknowsomeonewehadn’talreadyknown.Istooduptolookaroundwhenagentlehandtouchedmyshoulder.Iturnedroundtofindawrinkled,littleoldladybeamingupatmewithasmilethatlitupherentirebeing.Shesaid,“Hihandsome.MynameisRose.I’meightysevenyearsold.CanIgiveyouahug?”Ilaughedandenthusiasticallyresponded,“Ofcourseyoumay!”andshegavemeagiantsqueeze.“Whyareyouincollegeatsuchayoung,innocentage?”Iasked.Shejokinglyreplied,“I’mheretomeetarichhusband,getmarried,andhaveacoupleofkids...”“Noseriously,”Iasked.Iwascuriousaboutwhatmayhavemotivatedhertobetakingonthischallengeatherage.“IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!”shetoldme.Webecameinstantfriends.Everydayforthenextthreemonthswewouldleaveclasstogetherandtalknonstop.Ialwaysenjoyedlisteningtothis“timemachine”asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.Overthecourseoftheyear,Rosebecameacampusiconandsheeasilymadefriendswherevershewent.Shelovedtodressupandtookdelightintheattentionbestowed(授予)uponherfromtheotherstudents.Shewaslivingitup.AttheendofthesemesterweinvitedRosetospeakatourfootballbanquet.I’llneverforgetwhatshetaughtus.“Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyouarenineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyearanddon’tdooneproductivething,youwillturntwentyyearsold.”Attheendofthatyear,Rosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.Oneweekaftergraduation,Rosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.4.WhatmotivatedRosetoattendcollegeatanelderlyage?A.Tomakefriends.B.Tofindarichhusband.C.Tofulfillherlifelongdream.D.Tospeakatafootballbanquet.5.Whydoestheauthorregardtheoldladyasa“timemachine”?A.Becauseshewasafamouscampusicon.B.Becauseshewasapersonofmanywords.C.Becauseshewasanelderlypersonattendingcollege.D.Becauseshewasanexperiencedandwiseoldwoman.6.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromRoseatthefootballbanquet?A.Thedifferencebetweenagingandmaturing.B.Therelationshipbetweenplayandaging.C.Thetipstoplayfootballatanelderlyage.D.Thewaystowinfriendsoncampus.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRose?A.Ambitiousanddemanding.B.Humorousandopenminded.C.Wealthyandexperienced.D.Enthusiasticandinnocent.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要通过讲述老妇人Rose在87岁去上大学，是为了实现自己的大学梦，她的故事告诉我们人们不应该因年老而停止追求，而是因为停止追求而变老。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段““IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!”shetoldme.(“我一直梦想着接受大学教育，现在我如愿以偿了！”她告诉我)”可知，罗斯这么大的年龄还去上大学，是因为上大学一直是她的梦想，她想实现自己的梦。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第八段中“Ialwaysenjoyedlisteningtothis“timemachine”asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.(我一直很喜欢听这个“时间机器”，因为她与我分享她的智慧和经验)”可知，作者把老太太视为“时间机器”是因为她是一位经验丰富、睿智的老妇人。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyouarenineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyearanddon’tdooneproductivething,youwillturntwentyyearsold.(我们不会因为年龄大而停止比赛；我们变老是因为我们停止比赛。变老和长大之间有着巨大的区别。如果你19岁，躺在床上整整一年，不做一件有成效的事情，你就会年满20岁。)”可知，在足球宴会上作者从罗斯身上学到了衰老和成熟之间有很大区别。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““Whyareyouincollegeatsuchayoung,innocentage?”Iasked.(“你为什么在这么年轻天真的年纪上大学？”我问。)”和第五段“Shejokinglyreplied,“I’mheretomeetarichhusband,getmarried,andhaveacoupleofkids...”(她开玩笑地回答：“我来这里是为了见一个有钱的丈夫，结婚，生几个孩子……”)”可知，Rose是个很幽默的人；根据最后倒数第六段中“Overthecourseoftheyear,Rosebecameacampusiconandsheeasilymadefriendswherevershewent.Shelovedtodressupandtookdelightintheattentionbestowed(授予)uponherfromtheotherstudents.Shewaslivingitup.(在这一年里，罗斯成为了校园偶像，无论走到哪里，她都很容易结交朋友。她喜欢打扮，并为其他学生给予她的关注而感到高兴。她过得很充实。)”可知，Rose思想开放。故选B。CWhenIwasachild,Ialwayswantedtobeasuperhero.Iwantedtosavetheworldandmakeeveryonehappy.ButIknewthatI’dneedsuperpowerstomakemydreamsetrue.SoIusedtoembarkontheseimaginaryjourneystofindintergalactic(星系之间的)objectsfromplanetKrypton,butdidn’tyieldmuchresult.WhenIgrewupandrealizedthatsciencefictionwasnotagoodsourceforsuperpowers,Idecidedinsteadtoembarkonajourneyofrealscience,tofindamoreusefultruth.IstartedmyjourneyinCalifornia,withaUCBerkeley30yearlongitudinalstudythatexaminedthephotosofstudentsinanoldyearbook,andtriedtomeasuretheirsuccessandwellbeingthroughouttheirlife.Bymeasuringthestudents’smiles,researcherswereabletopredicthowfulfillingandlonglastingasubject’smarriagewouldbe,howwelltheywouldscoreonstandardizedtestsofwellbeing,andhowinspiringtheywouldbetoothers.Anotherahamomentcamefroma2010WayneStateUniversityspanresearchprojectthatlookedintopre1950sbaseballcardsofMajorLeagueplayers.Theresearchersfoundthatthespanofaplayer’ssmilecouldactuallyassisttopredictthespanofhislife.Playerswhodidn’tsmileintheirpictureslivedanaverageofonly72.9years,whileplayerswithbeamingsmileslivedanaverageofalmost80years.Britishresearchersfoundthatonesmilecangeneratethesamelevelofbrainstimulationasupto2,000barsofchocolate.Wait—Thesamestudyfoundthatsmilingisasstimulatingasreceivingupto£16,000incash.That’slike$25,000asmile.It’snotbad.Andthinkaboutitthisway:25,000times400—childrensmileasmanyas400timesperday—quiteafewkidsouttherefeellikeMarkZuckerbergeveryday.Sowheneveryouwanttotapintoasuperpowerthatwillhelpyouandeveryonearoundyoulivealonger,healthier,happierlife,smile.8.Whydidtheauthorshifttopursuingscientificresearch?A.Becausehediscoveredgalacticobjectsduringchildhood.B.Becauseherealizedscificouldn’tbringsuperpowers.C.Becausehedreamedofglobalhappinesssinceyouth.D.Becauseheembarkedonthesefictionaljourneys.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?AEverychildsmiles400timesperday.B.KidswhosmileareasrichasZukerberg.C.Smilingisequaltoeating2,000barsofchocolate.D.Smilingcangainstimulationalikereceivingcash.10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheeffectofsmilesonpeople?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Neutral. D.Indifferent.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thejourneytofindthetruth.B.Thehiddenpowerofsmiling.C.Thesecrettoalongandhealthylife.D.Thesignificanceofsuperherostudies.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明，微笑给我们带来的好处，能让我们更幸福，更长寿。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“WhenIgrewupandrealizedthatsciencefictionwasnotagoodsourceforsuperpowers,Idecidedinsteadtoembarkonajourneyofrealscience,tofindamoreusefultruth.(当我长大且意识到科幻小说并不是超能力的好的来源时，我决定踏上真正的科学之旅去找到更有用的事实)”可知，作者转变到科学研究是因为科幻小说无法给作者超能力。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Britishresearchersfoundthatonesmilecangeneratethesamelevelofbrainstimulationasupto2,000barsofchocolate.Wait—Thesamestudyfoundthatsmilingisasstimulatingasreceivingupto£16,000incash.(研究者发现，一个微笑可以产生与2000块巧克力同等水平的大脑刺激。等等——同一项研究发现，微笑和收到16000英镑现金一样刺激)”可推知，收到巧克力和现金对大脑的刺激与微笑对大脑的刺激是一样的。由此推知，微笑可以像收到现金一样获得刺激。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sowheneveryouwanttotapintoasuperpowerthatwillhelpyouandeveryonearoundyoulivealonger,healthier,happierlife,smile.(因此，每当你想要一种超能力来帮助你和周围的人活得更长，更健康，更幸福时，就微笑吧)”可推知，作者认为微笑可以帮助自己和周围的人活得更长、更健康、更幸福。由此推知，作者对微笑的态度是积极的。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“WhenIgrewupandrealizedthatsciencefictionwasnotagoodsourceforsuperpowers,Idecidedinsteadtoembarkonajourneyofrealscience,tofindamoreusefultruth.(当我长大且意识到科幻小说并不是超能力的好的来源时，我决定踏上真正的科学之旅去找到更有用的事实)”可知，文章首段提出了要通过科学研究来寻找超能力，紧接着文章通过两项研究说明微笑能使人更加幸福更加长寿，微笑也就是作者寻找的超能力。由此可知，文章主要介绍了微笑隐藏的力量。故选B。DForyears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.Partofthesuccesswashuman’sabilitytohuntlargeanimals.Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.Butunfortunately,thegreatsuccessofourancestorscameattheexpenseoftheotherlargemammals.Itiswellknownthatnumerouslargespecieswentextinctduringthetimeofworldwidecolonizationbymodernhumans.Now,newresearchfromAarhusUniversityrevealsthatthoselargemammalsthatsurvivedalsoexperiencedadramaticdecline.BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJensChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.“We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波动)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thesuccess”meaninParagraph3?A.Theevolutionoflargemammals.B.Theprosperityofvarioushabitats.C.Theachievementofhumanmigration.D.Theprogressinhuntingtechniques.13.AccordingtoSvenning,whathappened50,000yearsago?A.Populationsoflargemammalssignificantlydropped.B.Livingconditionsoflargemammalsremainedstable.C.Globalclimatedramaticallychanged.D.Alargenumberofglacierssuddenlymelt.14.What’susedasaclueoftheresearchaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Species. B.Place. C.Time. D.Climate.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ClimateImpactonAnimalsB.ChangesofPrehistoricEnvironmentC.EvolutionofLargeMammalPopulationsD.HumanInfluenceonGiantMammals【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了，科学家多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降问题。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是解释的原因。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.(大约10万年前，第一批现代人类大量迁徙出非洲。它们非常善于适应新的栖息地，几乎定居在从沙漠到丛林再到遥远北方冰冷的针叶林的每一种景观中。)”以及第三段“Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.(成功的一部分是人类狩猎大型动物的能力。凭借巧妙的狩猎技术和特制的武器，他们甚至完善了杀死最危险哺乳动物的艺术。)”可知，此处划线词thesuccess指的是上文提到的人们迁徙的成就。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJensChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳动物的DNA，科学家们已经能够证明，大约5万年前，几乎所有物种的丰度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心（ECONOVO）教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人JensChristianSvenning的说法。)”可知，大约5万年前，大型哺乳动物的数量显著减少。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJensChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳动物的DNA，科学家们已经能够证明，大约5万年前，几乎所有物种的丰度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心（ECONOVO）教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人JensChristianSvenning的说法。)”以及最后一段““We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波动)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”(“我们研究了过去75万年中大型哺乳动物种群的进化。在最初的70万年里，种群数量相当稳定。但在5万年前，种群数量急剧下降，再也没有恢复，”他说，并继续说道“在过去的80万年里，全球大约每10万年就在冰河时期和间冰期之间波动一次。如果气候是原因，我们应该会在5万年前气候变化时看到更大的波动。但我们没有。因此，人类是最有可能的解释。”)”可知，研究的线索为时间。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Foryears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.(科学家多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降的问题。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是解释的原因。)”以及对文章的理解可知，本文说明了科学家多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降的问题。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是解释的原因。故D项“人类对巨型哺乳动物的影响”符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipsonLearningMathWhileyouaresittinginamathclasslisteningtoyourteachermultiplying(乘以)andaddingendlessnumbers,mathcanbeeboringanduninterestingquickly.____16____.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyou.Learnmathtricks.Therearemanytricksinmaththatsaveyouenormoustime.Forexample,addingupallthenumbersfrom1to100isalotofwork.But,checkoutthiseasywaytodoit:100+1=101and99+2=101,right?Sodoes98+3,97+4,96+5,etc.So,ifyoumultiply101bythenumberofthesepairs,you’llgetthesumofallthenumbersfrom1to100,whichis5050.____17____.Makematheasy.Mathcanbedifficulttolearnbecausestudentsareoftentaughttolearnmathbymemorizingformulas(公式).However,bylearningmaththisway,studentsaren’ttaughttheprinciplesandconcepts.Buttheprinciplesandconceptsareneededtounderstandwhyaparticularformulaisbeingused.____18____.Youcanaskyourteacherwhyandhowaparticularformulaworks,whileothersdonot.____19____.Forexample,ifyou’reinterestedinhistoricallandmarks,learnaboutthemathinvolvedinbuildingtheselandmarks.Connectmathtoeverydaylife.____20____.Forexample,ifyouhaveanalarmclock,chancesarethatyouwillfigureouthowmanyextraminutesyoucansleepbeforeyougetoutofbedonceyouhitthesnoozebutton(贪睡按钮).Trytonoticethedifferentwaysyoudomathinyourdaytodaytasks.A.Theyareofteninteresting,tooB.SomakematheasierbylearningthemC.MakemathfunbyusingitintherealworldD.TrysolvingsomemathpetitionproblemsE.ExplorehowmathisrelatedtosomethingthatyouloveF.Bydoingso,youcanfindawayoutofdoingextraworkG.However,youcanbeattheboredombymakingmathmeaningfultoyou【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.E20.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些让学习数学有趣的方法。【16题详解】根据空前“Whileyouaresittinginamathclasslisteningtoyourteachermultiplying(乘以)andaddingendlessnumbers,mathcanbeeboringanduninterestingquickly.(当你坐在数学课上听老师没完没了地做乘法和加法时，数学很快就会变得无聊和无趣。)”和空后“Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyou.(有一些方法可以帮助你。)”可知，空前提到坐在教室里学数学很无聊很无趣，空后指出有让数学变得有趣的方法。由此可知，空处内容应承上启下，G项“然而，你可以通过让数学对你有意义来战胜无聊”符合题意，与空前互为转折关系，引出空后，故选G项。【17题详解】根据空前“So,ifyoumultiply101bythenumberofthesepairs,you’llgetthesumofallthenumbersfrom1to100,whichis5050.(因此，如果你用101乘以这些对的数量，你会得到从1到100的所有数字的总和，即5050。)”可知，此空介绍这样做的好处。故F项“通过这样做，你可以找到一种做额外工作的方法。”符合语境，F项中的so指代空前“youmultiply101bythenumberofthesepairs,you’llgetthesumofallthenumbersfrom1to100,whichis5050”这一方法，故选F项。【18题详解】根据空前“However,bylearningmaththisway,studentsaren’ttaughttheprinciplesandconcepts.Buttheprinciplesandconceptsareneededtounderstandwhyaparticularformulaisbeingused.(然而，通过这种方式学习数学，学生没有学到原理和概念。但是要理解为什么要使用一个特定的公式，需要原则和概念。)”可知，下文应介绍如何学习数学，故B项“因此，通过学习数学来简化数学”符合语境，故选B项。【19题详解】根据空后“Forexample,ifyou’reinterestedinhistoricallandmarks,learnaboutthemathinvolvedinbuildingtheselandmarks.(例如，如果你对历史地标感兴趣，可以学习建造这些地标所涉及的数学知识。)”可知，空后举出具体例子来证明要学习一些相关的学科，故E项“探索数学与你喜爱的事物之间的关系。”符合语境，引出下文。故选E项。【20题详解】根据空前“Connectmathtoeverydaylife.(将数学与日常生活联系起来。)”可知，本空和现实生活有关。故C项“让数学在现实世界中变得有趣”是空前的顺义承接，将数学和日常生活联系起来，让数学在现实世界中变得有趣，故选C项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题上将该项涂黑。Myofficeisalmosttwentykilometersfrommyresidence.Onmywaybackhome,I____21____awhileaftergettingoffthebusItakefromoffice,havesomepeanutsasrefreshmentsinbetween,andthentakethebuswhosedriver____22____menearmyhome.Theboysellingpeanutsisathin,____23____guyofaroundfifteen.Iusuallyhandhimoutatworupeecoin(卢比币).____24____,hegivesmepeanutsworthtworupeewrappedinapieceofpaperandthen,withoutanyfail,somemorepeanutsinmyhandwithasmileonhisface.Inever____25____togiveanyextracoinforthatandusuallytakehis____26____forgranted.Oneevening,asIwaschewingpeanuts,acertainbus____27____cametohimandaskedforpeanutsworthfiverupees.Thebusconductorhandedoutatworupeecoinafter____28____thepeanuts.“Butthepeanutsareworthfiverupeesasyouaskedfor,”theboyprotested(抗议).“Holdthistworupeecoinandbequiet,”saidthe____29____busconductor.“Iaskedforthepriceofthepeanutsandnotyourkindness,”saidtheboyreturningthetworupeecointothebusconductor.Thebusconductorleftwiththepeanuts;how____30____hebehaved!ThateveningIhadthehearttoofferfiverupeestohimsoastoshowmyconcernforthe____31____thathehadsuffered.“Iwantedfiverupeesfromhim;whyshouldyou____32____?”hetoldmesmilingly.Icouldnotgatherthecourageto____33____further.Theyoungpeanuts____34____taughtmealessonindignity(尊严)andselfrespect:Regardlessofhislowineandsocalledlowsocialstatushewouldnottakeanyinjusticelyingdown;norwouldhe____35____anyfavour.21.A.stop B.sleep C.think D.exercise22.A.picks B.drops C.calls D.greets23.A.clever B.humorous C.cheerful D.honest24.A.Withcuriosity B.Byaccident C.Atlast D.Inreturn25.A.forget B.promise C.hope D.bother26.A.generosity B.assistance C.tolerance D.loyalty27.A.repairman B.designer C.conductor D.driver28.A.chewing B.receiving C.smelling D.finding29.A.kind B.strict C.gentle D.rude30.A.shamelessly B.thoughtfully C.strangely D.responsibly31.A.pain B.loss C.disapproval D.threat32.A.leave B.appear C.pay D.reply33.A.divide B.study C.investigate D.insist34.A.seller B.purchaser C.producer D.planter35.A.refuse B.accept C.return D.do【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.D26.A27.C28.B29.D30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者经常在下班路上买了一包花生，卖花生的男孩是个十五岁左右的瘦小、开朗的小伙子。一天，公交车售票员买了一包花生，花生是五卢比，但售票员只给了两卢比，看到这，作者不忍心，所以给了男孩五卢比，但是男孩拒绝了。作者从他身上学到了一堂关于尊严和自尊的课：尽管他的收入微薄，所谓的社会地位低下，但他也不会接受任何不公正的对待；他也不会接受任何恩惠。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从办公室走出乘坐公家回家，在路上，我下车后稍作停留，吃了点花生当点心，然后乘坐公交，司机将送我到家附近。A.stop短暂停留；B.sleep睡觉；C.think思考；D.exercise锻炼。由下文“awhileaftergettingoffthebusItakefromoffice,havesomepeanutsasrefreshmentsinbetween”可知，作者下车后稍作停留，吃了点花生米。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从办公室走出乘坐公家回家，在路上，我下车后稍作停留，吃了点花生当点心，然后乘坐公交，司机将送我到家附近。A.picks捡起来；B.drops中途卸客；C.calls打；D.greets打招呼。由下文“menearmyhome.”可知，司机让作者在家附近下车，故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卖花生的男孩是个十五岁左右的瘦小、开朗的小伙子。A.clever聪明的；B.humorous幽默的；C.cheerful开朗的；D.honest诚实的。由下文“withasmileonhisface.”可知，男孩面带微笑，说明他是一个欢快，开朗的小伙子。故选C。【24题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为交换条件，他给了我价值两卢比的用纸包着的花生，然后他脸上带着微笑，毫无例外地又给了我一些花生。A.Withcuriosity好奇地；B.Byaccident偶然地；C.Atlast最后；D.Inreturn作为交换。上文“Iusuallyhandhimoutatworupeecoin”可知，作者通常给这个小男孩两卢比的硬币，而作为交换，小男孩也给作者价值两卢比的花生。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来不费心为此多付一分钱，而且通常认为他的慷慨是理所当然的。A.forget忘记；B.promise承诺；C.hope希望；D.bother费心。由下文“togiveanyextracoinforthatandusuallytakehis____6____forgranted.”可知，作者认为男孩的慷慨是理所当然的，所以从来不费心多给男孩一分钱。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来不费心为此多付一分钱，而且通常认为他的慷慨是理所当然的。A.generosity慷慨；B.assistance帮助；C.tolerance容忍；D.loyalty忠诚。由上文“withoutanyfail,somemorepeanutsinmyhandwithasmileonhisface.”可知，男孩多给了作者一些花生，这说明男孩很慷慨。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，当我正在嚼花生时，一位公交车售票员向他要了价值五卢比的花生。A.repairman修理工；B.designer设计师；C.