2017-2018学年人教课标高一英语必修4辅导Unit1WomenofachievementGRAMMAR

主谓一致【归纳】主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。一般遵循以下原则：★语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。★意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数时，谓语动词根据意义用复数形式；当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语动词根据意义用单数形式。★就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。一、名词作主语1.集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。常见的这类名词有army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,enemy,government等。有些集体名词如people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：Theteamisthebestintheleague.Theteamarealllovelypeople.Idon'tcarewhatpeoplethink.2.单、复数同形的名词如species,deer,fish,sheep,means等作主语时，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的形式。如：Severallargefishliveinthepond.Alargefishwascaughtduringthepetition.3.表示单数概念的复形名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名等）作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.TheTimesisBritain'soldestnationaldaily.4.trousers,shoes,chopsticks,sunglasses等名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数；但如果其前有apairof,akindof等时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Histrouserswereslightlytooshort.Apairoftrousersisonthebed.5.当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.6.“the+形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。这类词有rich,poor,blind,injured等。如：Eventhepoorhavetheirpride.Theinjuredweretakentoseveralnearbyhospitals.7.如果主语由morethanone或manya构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数；在“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数。如：Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.Manyafamouspopstarhasbeenruinedbydrugs.Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.二、代词作主语1.由代词each,either,neither,another以及合成代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：Twoboysentered.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.Everybodywasgladtoseeherback.2.all,most,none,some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：Thoseboysaremystudents.Allworkhard.Iwantedsomemorecoffeebuttherewasnoneleft.三、由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1.两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。但当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词则用单数。如：Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.2.当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语时，如由with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto等引导的短语，谓语动词与主语保持一致。如：Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisgoingtotheexhibition.四、含数词的短语作主语“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于of后名词的数。如：Onlyonethirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.Threefourthsofthestudentsetoschoolontime.五、从句作主语名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的形式由其表示的意义来决定。如：Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristswereinjuredarestillunknown.Whatyouwantisabigbag.Whatheleftareafewoldbooks.【即学即练】从括号内选择合适的内容完成下面短文。HiCathy,GreetingsfromNepal!I'msendingthisfromanInternetcaféinasmalltownnorthofKathmandu.Thetownitselfisn'tveryinteresting,buteverythingaroundit1.________(is/are)beautiful—IcanseetheHimalayasthroughthecaféwindow!Thecoursesherearegreat,althoughmaths2.________(is/are)certainlynotmystrongpoint.AlotofNepal'spopulationlivesinthemountainouspartsofthecountrysouthoftheHimalayas,andmostofthesepeople3.________(depend/depends)ongrowingcropsandkeepinganimals.ThestandardoflivinginKathmanduandtheothercities4.________(have/has)risenalotrecently,andthenumberofpeoplelikelytomoveintothecities5.________(is/are)expectedtoincrease.It'sarealproblemhere.TheHimalayanTimes,thelocalEnglishlanguagenewspaper,6.________(has/have)justpublishedasurveyshowingthatmostyoungpeoplewouldstayintheirhomevillagesifjobswereavailable.Hopeall7.________(is/are)wellwithyou.I'llsendmorenewswhenIcan.Nazim答案【即学即练】1.is

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从括号内选择合适的内容完成下面短文。Lastmonth,Iwassentto

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tocarryoutsomeresearch.Afterbreakfast,weplannedtogofishinginalocallake.Peoplehere1._______(don’t,doesn’t)likeeatingfish,eventhoughseveralkindsoflargefish2._______(is,are)livinginthelake.WhenIhadfinishedmypreparationsforthetrip,Ifoundthatmysunglasses3._______(was,were)broken.Iwassosadbecausetheyweremyfavoritesunglasses.Besides,sixhundredRMB4._______(is,are)notasmallamountforme.Anyway,wesetoffforthelake.There5._______(was,were)trulyalotoffishandwecaughtmany.Allofus6._______(was,were)veryhappy.Onourwayback,wemetwithmanybeggarsalongtheroad.Igavethemsomechange.Thepooralso7._______(has,have)theirrightstoliveandit’snottheirfaulttheyarepoor.Inthiscountry,ninetypercentofpeople8._______(is,are)stil