2022年北京市初三一模英语试题汇编：阅读理解CD篇

21/612022北京初三一模英语汇编阅读理解CD篇一、阅读单选（2022·北京西城·一模）Somepeopleareworriedthatwearingmaskswillhaveabadeffectonchildren’sabilitytolearnlanguageandsocialize.Evenparentsoftenworryabouthowaschoolyearwithoutsmilesmightnegatively（消极地）influencetheirchildren.Theseworriesareunderstandable,butaccordingtoDr.Danovitch,aresearchpsychologist,whostudiesthecognitive（认知的）andsocialdevelopmentofchildren,wearingamaskatschoolcouldimprovecertainsocialandcognitiveskills,helpingtostrengthenabilitieslikeself-controlandattention.Takelanguagelearningasanexample.It’struethatmaskscoverourmouthsandthatseeingmouthshapeandmovementhelpsbabieslearnlanguage.Butlearninghowtocommunicateinvolvesalotmorethanmouths.Lookingateyesisatleastasimportantaslookingatmouthstounderstandthepeopleyouarelookingatandwhattheyaretryingtoexpress.Childrenalsomakeuseofothersignstofigureoutwhatnewwordsmeanandwhatotherpeoplearethinking.Aclassroomfullofpeoplewearingmasksisagreatchanceforchildrentopracticepayingattentiontothosesigns,suchasaclassmate’stoneofvoiceorateacher’sbodylanguage.Wearingamaskcanalsohelpteachchildrentopaymoreattentiontotheirownbodiesandphysicalbehaviors.Keepingamaskonoverthecourseofaschooldayinvolvesthekindofself-controlthatmanychildrenfindchallenging.Needlesstosay,childrenwillnotalwaysbeperfectatkeepingtheirmaskson,buttheyhavetobemindfulofwhentheirmasksareslippingdownorwhenitisOKtotakethemoff.Theresearchonself-controlsuggeststhatchildrenwhomastertheskillsneededtokeeptheirmasksonwillgrowuptobebetteratachievingtheirlong-termgoals.Perhapsmostimportantly,wearingmasksduringapandemic（流行病）isachanceforchildrentopracticecaringfortheircommunity.Arecentstudyshowsthatchildrenunderstandthespreadofillnessbetterthanever.Wearingamaskgivesyoungchildrentheabilitytodosomethingtohelpprotectotherpeople.Forolderchildren,mask-wearingisawaytoteachthemaboutdutyandsacrifice（牺牲）.Theybelievethatitfeelsgoodtomakesacrificesforpeopleinneed.Stressingthatthediscomfortandinconvenienceofmask-wearingareformsofcaringandpublicservicemightencouragechildrentoaddressothersocialproblemsintheirlives.Infact,howchildrenfeelaboutwearingmasksatschool,andhowmuchtheybenefitfromwearingthem,aregoingtodependonhowtheparents,teachersandcaregiversaroundthempresentthetopic.Masksarehopefullynotheretostay,butwhiletheyarestillnecessary,weshouldmakethemostofthem.1．WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph2?A．Ateacherusesbodylanguagetoteachwhatnewwordsmean.B．Wearingmasksgiveschildrenachancetopracticepayingattention.C．Dr.Danovitchhelpschildrenwiththeircognitiveandsocialdevelopment.D．Lookingatthemouthmattersmorethanlookingattheeyeswhenpeopletalk.2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Itisunknownifmask-wearinghelpschildrenimprovesocialskills.B．Childrenbelievethatthediscomfortofmask-wearingisacceptable.C．People’sthoughtsandemotionsarehiddenwhentheyarewearingmasks.D．Childrenwhoknowwhentokeeptheirmasksonwillprobablybesuccessful.3．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoHelpChildrenDevelopSkillsB．HowtoBePerfectatKeepingMasksOnC．WearingMasksCanHelpChildrenLearnD．WearingMasksCanSolveSocialProblems（2022·北京西城·一模）Thishighschooltermwassupposedtobeeasier.Thatisthethoughtinmymind—afterall,thisisthefirsttermthatI’mtakinglessthan20credits（学分）,andI’menjoyingallofmyclasses.However,thistermhasfeltthemostdifficultandmygradesaremuchworsethantheywerewhenIwastakingtwomoreclasses.Icouldblame（怪罪）itonthefactthatI’vebeenbusyworkinginseveralschoolclubsandpracticingforaschoolmusicalseveraltimesaweek.Actually,itisimportantthatIdon’toverlook（忽视）thatbecauseitwouldn’tbefairtomyselftosayitdoesn’tplayapartinmylowgrades.However,it’sclearlynottheonlyreason.Infact,studyhasneverbeeneasyforme.Ithoughtthatputtinginmoreeffortwouldchangethings,butithasn’t.TheexamIstudiedforhoursoncomesbackafailure.Ifallasleepwhileworkingonhomeworkandforgettohanditin.Isitinclasstakinglotsofnotes,andwhenIlookbackatthemtodomyhomework,itallreadsasgibberish.IstarttorealizethatmaybesomeoftheworkIdoisjusthard.I’mlearningthatit’sokaynottobethebestattheworkthatyoudo.Whenyou’reusedtobeingnaturallygood,it’shardtorealizethatthrowingthesameamount（数量）ofeffortatsomethingthatismoredifficultwon’tjustautomatically（自动地）work.However,weshouldn’tfeelbadaboutthat.Eventhoughwe’rehereforlearning,therearesomanythingstospendourtimeon.IthinkofthethingsIwantasallhavingaprice,andtheamountthatIwouldliketopayatanygiventimechanges,asdoestheprice.It’snottosaythatyoushouldstopworkinghard,butit’sgoodtokeepinmindthatsometimesthepricejustmightbetoohighforyouatagiventime.Youdon’thavetodoeverythingperfectly,evenifitlookseasy,andyou’reallowedtodealwithknowledgethatjustdoesn’tmakesensetoyou.Thisisthetimetolearnhowtokeeponkeepingon.Wewillbethebestofourselvesoncewelearnthatbeingourbestisn’tapreconditiontolearning.4．Whatwasprobablythewriter’sexpectationforherterm?A．Totakemoreclassesandbeabletoenjoythem.B．Toliveaneasyschoollifeandgetgoodgrades.C．Togiveupsomeclubstohavemoretimetostudy.D．Toexperienceachallengingtermandgetperfectmarks.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gibberish”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Somethingdifficulttoremember. B．Somethingfunny.C．Somethingimpossibletounderstand. D．Somethingboring.6．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Peoplewillpayahigherpriceiftheystopworking.B．Peoplehavetoaskforhelpiftheywanttolearnwell.C．Peopleshouldn’tgiveuptheirgoalseventhoughtheyfeelbad.D．Peoplecan’talwaysmakesomethingpossiblebyworkinghard.7．Thewriterwouldprobablyagree________.A．weshouldknowhowtokeepgoinginthefaceofchallengesB．weshouldn’tstudythingsthatdon’tmakesensetousC．weshouldperformperfectlywhenourworkiseasyD．weshouldn’ttakepartinschoolactivities（2022·北京海淀·一模）WhyDoTopAthletesChokeUnderPressure?Accordingtoclassiceconomictheory,thehigherthereward,thebettertheexpectedperformance.Asaresult,wecouldexpectthebestperformanceatthemostimportantmoments.ButwhydowesooftenseethemosttalentedandexperiencedathletesperformmuchworsethanexpectedinimportantcompetitionsliketheOlympics?WhytheDropinPerformance?Itisnotnecessarilytruethatthere’sadirectrelationshipbetweenincentives（激励）andachievement.Researchhasshownthatincreasedmotivation（动机）beyondacertainlevelharmsanathlete’sperformance.Wecallthisphenomenon“chokingunderpressure”.Greaterincentivesmayleadtohigherlevelsofarousal（兴奋）.TherelationshipbetweenperformanceandarousallookslikeaninvertedUshape（倒U形）,meaningthatperformanceisthebestatcertainlevelsofarousalanddropswithover-arousal.Thedesiretoperformaswellaspossibleisthoughttocreateperformancepressure.Manystudieshaveshownincreasedpressurehasabadeffectonathletes’performanceinskill-basedgames.Whenpeopleoverthinkorconsciouslymonitoreachstep,thedropinperformancehappens.2Beyondthepressurecomingfromtheimportantcompetitions,anotherthingthatmayaddpressureisthelevelofexpectations.Anexperimentsuggestedhighaudienceexpectationsharmperformanceinaskill-basedtask.Forexample,oneofthemostfamousbiathletesinhistory,MartinFourcade,saiditwasveryemotionalforhimtocompeteinhishomecountryandalsomuchharderthancompetingabroadbecauseofgreaterexpectations.Wetestedthishomedisadvantagebyusingdatafrombiathlon（冬季两项）competitionsover17years.Wehavefoundthemosttitledathletesmissalotmoreshotswhencompetingintheirhomecountrycomparedtowhentheycompeteabroad.Themostreasonableexplanationlikelyrelatestothelevelofexpectationsfromthehomeland.HowtoDealwithIt?Thereareseveralwaystoreducestress,suchasacountdownortakingadeepbreathbeforethetask.Butthebaseforanysolutionistorealizethatstressaffectsperformance.Chokingunderpressurecanhappentothebestathletesandit’snotashametoadmitit.Themoreathletesknowabouttheeffectpressurecanhaveonthem,themorelikelytheyaretosucceedatthehighestlevel.8．Whatcanwelearnfrom“chokingunderpressure”?A．Thehigherthereward,thebettertheexpectedperformance.B．Betterachievementingamesresultsfromadropinpressure.C．Arousalbeyondacertainlevelharmsanathlete’sperformance.D．Athletes’performanceingameshassomethingtodowiththeirtraining.9．WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagraph4and5?A．PressureasaKeytoImprovingPerformance.B．PressureasaPushforBecomingTop-levelAthletes.C．HighExpectationsasaCauseofChokingUnderPressure.D．HighExpectationsasanIncentivetoCompeteintheHomeCountry.10．Todealwithpressure,theathletesshouldfirst________.A．avoidthepossiblefeelingsofpressureB．sharetheirworrieswithfriendsandcoachesC．trytheirbesttosucceedatthehighestlevelD．recognizetheeffectofstressonperformance（2022·北京海淀·一模）Nowadays,theonlineworldisnearlyasimportantastherealone.ItisnotuncommontoseethewholeInternetbandstogetherto“cancel”someoneaftertheymakeamistake,whichiscalledCancelCulture.Itcanresultinaperson,iffamous,losingfansandhavingtofaceattacksonline.Evenanormalpersonfacesrisksoflosingtheirjobsorpersonalrelationships.Whilesteppingfootonanysocialmediaplatform,everyoneincludingyoungchildrencanfallvictimtoit.CancelCultureisalose-losesituation.ThepersonbeingcanceledhastostandthenegativeeffectsoftheInternet,andthepeopledoingthecancelingarecontributingto（促成）themindsetthatit’sokaytodothistopeopletheydon’tknow.YoungkidsmaynotunderstandorcontributecompletelytoCancelCulture,butbysimplybeingontheInternet,theycanseeitfirsthand,affectingtheirreallives.ANewYorkMetroParentsarticledescribesonegirlwhowascanceledinschoolthesamewaypeoplearecanceledontheInternet,andherfriendswouldn’teventalktoorlookather.Dr.PamRultledge,amediapsychologist,explainsinherblogpostthatCancelCulturediscourageskidsfromexpressingtheiropinionsandstandingupforothers.It’salwaysan“usagainstthem”mindset;anyoneagreeingwiththepersonbeingcanceledisatriskofbeingleftoutonlinetoo.SoagainIask,whatisthisteachingourkids?Thattheyaren’tallowedtomakemistakes?Thattheyhavetobeperfect?Thismaybethecurrentnarrative,butitshouldn’tbe.Everyonemessesupatsomepoint,especiallyyoungchildren.Theyshouldn’tbepubliclypunishedforitandnotgiventhechancetochangepeople’sminds.Forgivenessisanimportantskillkidsneedtolearn,andCancelCultureisencouragingtheopposite.Onesmallmistakedoesn’tmakesomeoneabadperson,butCancelCulturemakesthemfeelasiftheyare.CancelCulturedoesn’thavetoexist.Wemakeitexist.Andjustaseasily,wecanmakeitdisappearbycontributingtoanonlineworldfullofpraiseandlove.11．Theunderlinedwords“fallvictimto”inParagraph1probablymean“________”.A．beattractedto B．getusedto C．beshockedby D．gethurtby12．WhydoesthewritermentiontheNewYorkMetroParentsarticleinParagraph2?A．ToexplainwhyCancelCulturedoesharmtochildren’sfriendships.B．Tostresstheimportanceofcloserelationshipswithfriendsforstudents.C．ToshowhowCancelCulturehasexercisedinfluenceonkids’reallives.D．TosuggestpossiblewaysofchangingthehabitofoverusingtheInternet.13．InCancelCulture,apersonwhomakesmistakeswillbe________.A．comfortedwithgreatpatience B．leftoutandpubliclypunishedC．taughthowtocorrectthemistakes D．blockedfromusingtheInternetagain14．Bysaying“Thismaybethecurrentnarrative,butitshouldn’tbe”inParagraph4,thewriterwantstoexpressthatCancelCulture________.A．iseasytochange B．hasatwo-sidednatureC．issupposedtobecanceled D．stopsmistakesfrombeingrepeated（2022·北京朝阳·一模）Sometimesalittleself-criticismisnotabadthing.Weallcanlearnmuchfromourmistakes.However,toomuchofitmayinfluenceyourbrainandyourlife.Negativeself-talkisthatlittlevoiceinyourheadthatjudgesyou.Itsaysyouarenotgoodenough.Itremindsyouofallyourfaults（过错）andmistakes.Dr.Hughes,aneducatorandaresearcheronhowthemindcontrolsbehavior,noticedthattherearesomestudentswhoaredoingalltherightthings.Theyaregoodstudents.Theyshowupforclass.Theydotheirhomework.Theystudyhard.Butwhenitcomestotakingatest,theydonotdowell.Theymaysuffer（遭受）fromsomethingcommonlycalled“testanxiety（焦虑）”.LindsaywasoneofHughes’beststudentsatacommunitycollege.Shecametoclassearly,tookpartindiscussionsanddidallofherhomework.However,shedidpoorlyinexams.WhenHughesaskedherhowshefeltbeforeatest,shetoldhimshewasverynervous.Shewonderedwhyshehadtroublerememberingwhatshehadstudied.Shesaidshedidnottrustthatsheknewtherightanswers.Thisisanexampleofnegativeself-talk,whichcaninfluenceastudent’sgrades.Dr.HughestookLindsay’snegativeself-talksandturnedthemintopositive（积极的）questions.Beforeatest,hetoldLindsaytosaytoherself:WhyamIsorelaxedwhenItakeanexam?WhyamIsofocusedduringmyexam?WhydoIremembereverythingIstudyforanexam?WhydoItrustmyanswers?Lindsaytookhisadvice.Twoweekslater,shetookanexaminanotherclassandscored15pointshigherthanshehadonanearlierexam.Fourweekslater,sheearnedan“A”onthefinalexaminHughes’class.Lindsayleftcommunitycollegeandwenttoafour-yearuniversity.Shecontinuedtousethemethodofpositiveself-talk.WhenDr.Hughescheckeduponherayearlater,shehadgoodnewstoshare:shehadgotstraightAsonallofherexams.Dr.Hughessawstudentafterstudentsucceedwithhismethod.Moreimportantly,theygottheirself-confidenceback.Andhedoesnotjusthelphisstudents.Healsoencourageshisfriendsandneighborstogetridof（摆脱）negativeself-talkgraduallyintheirlife.Inatelevisioninterview,hesaid,“Wecanprogramourselvesforsuccessinclassorinlife,orwecanprogramourselvesforfailure.”15．Whatdoyouknowaboutnegativeself-talkfromthepassage?A．Itshowsyourgoodjudgement.B．Itharmsyourbrainandyourbody.C．Ithelpsyoucorrectyourfaultsandmistakes.D．Ittellsyouthatyouarenotexcellentenough.16．WhydoesthewriterusetheexampleofDr.Hughes’studentLindsay?A．Toprovethatpositiveself-talkbringsimprovements.B．Toshowthatnegativeself-talkhassomebadinfluence.C．Tostressthenecessityofaskingquestionsbeforeexams.D．Tointroducesomegoodwaystohelpstudentsandfriends.17．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethetitleofthepassage?A．NegativeSelf-talkCanHurtYouB．NegativeSelf-talkMakesYouFailC．PositiveSelf-talkBettersYourGradesD．PositiveSelf-talkCanChangeYourGoal（2022·北京朝阳·一模）Today,theworldishighlycompetitive.Governments,companiesandindividuals（个人）areallcompetingtobethebestinthesociety.Itistruethatcompetitionleadstobetterproductsandservices;manypeople,especiallyparents,believethatbeingcompetitiveishelpfulforchildrenbecauseitpreparesthemforthemodernworld.However,iscompetitionthefirstthingthatoursocietyneeds?Schoolsteachstudentstocompeteforbettergrades,whileinbusinesses,peoplearebetterpaidfortheircompetitiveperformances.However,noneofthemrealizestheadverseeffectscompetitionhasonthesociety.Fortwocompaniesinacompetition,onewillsurelylosethendisappear,whiletheotherremainsstrongerinthemarket.Ifthisispopularinacountry,thenumberofcompaniesmaydrop,andthentheeconomy（经济）getsworse.Besides,competitionmayresultindistrustinsociety.Cooperation（合作）presentsadifferentpicture.Competitionbreaksrelationships,whilecooperationstrengthensrelationships.Whenwecooperatewithothers,wemeetnewpeople,wegettoknownewthings,wesharethoughts,wehelpeachotherandwesucceedtogether.Cooperationfocusesonthegrowthanddevelopmentofeveryone,asmanypeopleworktogethertowardacommongoal.Thisway,everyoneisequally（相同地）developed.Theprocessesofcooperationhaveplayedanimportantroleinshapingthehistory.Let’sdiscusstheexampleofUN（UnitedNations）.TheUN’scallingistokeepworldpeaceandcreateharmony（和谐）.Allnationshavecooperatedandwillkeepcooperatingwithoneanothertofightforabetterfutureforthewholeworld.Sportsalsoprovideuswithabestexampleofcooperation.Thinkabouthowallmembersoftheteamforgetwhotheythemselvesareandworkonlyforthebenefitoftheteam.Althoughsportsarecompetitivebynature,whenthereiscooperationbetweenthemembers,theyencourageandsupporteachother,andtheygetagreaterchanceofwinning.Thedevelopmentofbothsocietyandindividualtodaydependsonnotjusthealthycompetitionbutcooperation.Unfortunately,peoplearenottaughtcooperativeskillsatanearlyage,andthishasencouragedacultureofcompetitionintoday’ssociety.Theskillsofcooperationshouldbeincludedintheeducationalsystemforchildrenintheirearlyages.Thisway,childrengrowupintoadultswhovalueandwelcomecooperation,whichbringsoutthebestinus.18．Accordingtothepassage,competitioncauses________.A．helpfulsuggestionsandideas B．excellentproductsandservicesC．responsiblechildrenandparents D．confidentperformancesandvoice19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adverse”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Supportive. B．Various. C．Confusing. D．Harmful20．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Theeconomycangrowrapidlyincompetition.B．Kidsshouldnotjustlearntheskillsofcompetition.C．UNwassetuptocallonpeopletocreatecompetition.D．Sportsmenshouldnotbecooperativetowinthegame.21．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat_________.A．peopleshouldvaluecompetitionmorethancooperationB．peoplecanperformbetterincompetitionthancooperationC．peoplecanbenefitmorefromcooperationthancompetitionD．peopleshoulddependmoreoncompetitionthancooperation（2022·北京顺义·一模）We’veknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeverydayhascountlesshealthconsequences（后果）,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.Astudypublishedlastweek,conductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary（久坐不动的）behaviorisrelatedtoreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe（中颐叶）,abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.Theresearchersaskedagroupof35healthypeople,aged45to70,abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbrains.Theyfoundthatthesubjectswhoreportedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachair,theworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantrelationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevere（剧烈的）exercise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon’tevenhavetomovemuchtoimprovecognition（认知）;juststandingwilldothetrick（获得成功）.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.Participantswereaskedtonamethecolor,liketheword“green”inblueink.Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatby3milliseconds.Thecognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellknown.Butthepossibilitythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealthcouldlowerthestandardforeveryone.Iknow,thisallrunscounterto（与……背道而驰）receivedideasaboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin’sfamous“TheThinker”,seatedwithchinonhishand.Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.22．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3andParagraph4?A．Sedentarybehaviorwillpossiblydamageourbrain.B．Severeexercisecangreatlyimproveourbrainhealth.C．Brainhealthhasnothingtodowithsedentarybehavior.D．Severeexercisecanprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.23．Whatisthereceivedideaaboutdeepthought?A．Weshouldstandwhilethinking.B．Sittingisbetterwhenwethink.C．Moreexercisecanimprovecognition.D．Sittingmoreisgoodforourmentalhealth.24．Thepassagemainlytellsus_______.A．peopletendtositwhiletheyarethinkingB．physicalexercisecanimproveourbrainhealthC．standingmoreandsittinglesscanmakeourbrainhealthierD．sedentarybehaviorwillincreasethethicknessofthemedialtemporallobe（2022·北京顺义·一模）Handwritingisgraduallybecomingadyingart.Mostcollegestudentstypenearlyeverything.Elementaryandhighschoolsacrossthecountrynowviewtypingcoursesasthemainchoice.Butwhatarewelosingashandwritinglosesitssignificance（重要性）insociety?It’sbrainpower,accordingtosomestudies.ResearchersfromPrincetonUniversityandtheUniversityofCaliforniaconductedaseriesofstudiestoprovethedifferencesbetweenstudentswhowroteouttheirnotesandthosewhotypednotes.Participants（参与者）tooknotesonalectureusingoneofthetwomethodsandweretestedonthematerial30minutesafterthelectureandagainaweeklater.TheresultsoftheresearchappearedinPsychologicalScience.Theauthorsofthestudynotedthat,whilepaststudiesonthistopictendedtofocusonthedistractions（干扰）thatresultedfromusingacomputer,inthisstudy,participantswereusingthelaptopsonlytotakenotes.Andhandwritingstillemergedas（成为）thechampion.That’snottosaythattypingdoesn’thaveitsbenefits.ClearvueHealthrecentlytookadeepdiveintothefindingsofastudytoassessprosandcons（评估利弊）ofwritingandtyping.Thetypistscouldcopydownsignificantlymorewordsthanthewriters.Butwhilemoreofthelecture’scontentwasretainedinthecomputerwhentyping.Theteststhattheparticipantstookprovedthis.Onthetest30minutesafterthelecture,typistsandwritersdidmoreorlessequallywellonquestionsaboutthebasicfactsofthelecture,buttypistsfaltered（结巴）whenitcametomoreconceptualquestions.Studentswhotakehandwrittennotesneedtoquicklyprocessthelessonandrewriteitinawaytheycanunderstand,givingthemanadvantageinrememberingnewconcepts（概念）inthelongterm.Asforthelaterquiz,well,theresultsweresimilar.Studentswithhandwrittennoteswereabletorememberandstillunderstandtheconceptsofthelectureafteraweekhadpassed.Theseparticipantswerealsomoreopentounderstandingnewideas.Clearly,writingbyhandcanmakeyousmarter.Computersaren’tgoingawayanytimesoon,butthatdoesn’tmeanpapernotebooksneedtobecomeobsolete.Ifyourgoalistobeabletosetdownfacts,theefficiencyoftypingmightbestbenefityou.Butwhenitcomestotrulydissecting（剖析）information,trulylearningfromitinthesenseofmakingconnectionsbetweenanalyzingthematerial,andretainingitinthelongrun,writingbyhandisabetterchoice.25．WhatcanweknowaboutthestudiesinParagraph2?A．Thestudieswereabouttheadvantagesoftakingnotes.B．Participantsusedtwomethodstotakenotesatthesametime.C．TheresultsofthestudieswerepublishedinPsychologicalScience.D．ThestudieswereonlyconductedbyresearchersfromPrincetonUniversity.26．WhatcanbeinferredabouttypistsfromParagraph3?A．Theykeptmorecontentsofalectureintheirmindwhentyping.B．Theycouldcopydownmorecontentsofalecturethanwriters.C．Theycouldremembernewconceptsforalongtimebytyping.D．Theydidbetteronquestionsaboutthefactsofthelecturethanwriters.27．Theword“obsolete”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“_________”.A．outofshape B．outoforder C．outofcontrol D．outofdate28．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhyHandwritingMakesYouSmarterB．WhyTypingHasBecomeSoWidespreadC．WhyTypistsTakeNotesEffectivelyD．WhyWritersHaveLongTermMemory（2022·北京东城·一模）Manystudieshaveshownthelearning-by-teachingeffect.Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey’velearnedshowbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstudentswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.Butwhydoesteachinghelp?ResearchersledbyAloysiusWeiLunKohdidastudytotesttheirideathatteachingimprovestheteacher’slearningbecauseitforcestheteachertoretrieve（检索）whatthey’velearned.Inotherwords,theybelievethatbringingtomindwhatwe’velearnedleadstodeeperandlonger-lastingacquisition（获得）ofthatinformationthanspendingmoretimere-studying.Theresearchersasked124studentstospendtenminutesstudyingatextwithnumbersonatopicwhichiscompletelynewtothem.Theytoldthestudentstheycouldtakenoteswhilestudying,butwouldteachthematerialafterwardswithoutnotes.Afterstudyingthetext,thestudentsweredividedintofourgroups.Inonegroupthestudentsspentfiveminutesdeliveringalessononthestudymaterialwithoutnotes.Theothergroupseitherspentthesametimecompletingarithmetic（算术）problems,teachingwithascript（讲稿）orwritingdownalltheycouldrememberfromthetext-aformofretrievalpractice.Aweeklater,allthestudentsreturnedtothelabforasurprisetestoftheirknowledgeandunderstandingofthetext.Theimportantfindingisthattheteaching-without-notesgroupandtheretrieval-practicegroupoutperformedthegroupthatcompletedarithmeticproblemsandthegroupthattaughtwithascript.Infac