小学英语知识点总结

=1\*ROMANI.可数名词名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分。其中，可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，他们通常有单数和复数的形式。单数通常用a,an或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：adesk,anapple,oneboy.·可数名词的变化规则直接在单词的后面加-s.photo---photosbook---booksegg---eggsstudent---studentspen---pensvillage---villagescloud---cloudsflower---flowershand---handsmap---mapsgirl---girls如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾，通常要在单词后面加-es.bus---busesclass---classesbox---boxdress---dressespeach---peacheswatch---watchesfish---fishes以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，则直接加上-s.family---familiesstory---storiesbaby---babiesday---daystoy---toysboy---boys以f,fe结尾的单词，要把f,fe变为v，再加-es.knife---kniveswolf---wolvesshelf---shelves以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。（有生命的加es，无生命的加s）potato---potatoestomato---tomatoeshero---heroesradio---radiosphoto---photospiano---pianoszoo---zoos一些特殊的不规则名词的复数。goose---geesefoot---feettooth---teethwoman---womenman---mensheep---sheepfish---fishdeer---deerpeople---peoplechild---childrenmouse---mice有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的，如：shoes,pants,boots,glasses等。1=2\*ROMANII.不可数名词一般来说，不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式，也不能与a,an连用。在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如果时表示复数的数量关系时，则把量词变化，不可数名词不变。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有：some,any,much,alotof,alittle等。例如：aboxofmilk一盒牛奶somewater一些水muchfood大量的食物alittletime一点时间some与any词语辨析some与any都表示“一些”，但它们的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句与一般疑问句中。同学们要特别注意的是：some还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中。例子：Ihavesomebeautifulstamps.（肯定句）Idon’thaveanybeautifulstamps.（否定句）Doyouhaveanybeautifulstamps?（一般疑问句）A:CanIhaveanysomebananas?B:Sure.（客气请求的一般疑问句）many,alotof,much词语辨析many,alotof,much,这三个词都是表示“许多”。many是用来修饰可数名词,much用来修饰不可数名词，alotof则用来修饰可数与不可数名词。例子：Peterhasmanyfriends.（可数名词的前面）Peterhasmuchfoodforhisbirthdayparty.（不可数名词的前面）Peterhasalotoffriends.（可数名词的前面）Peterhasalotoffoodforhisbirthdayparty.（不可数名词的前面）·不可数名词的归类表示液体：water,juice,milk,coffee,coke2、表示自然现象：snow,rain,ice3、表示食品类：rice,jam,honey,meat,bread,mutton,beef,tofu,eggplant,pork,chicken,fish,food4、其它类：newspaper,news,homework,housework2be动词，情态动词，助动词do/does的用法区别及练习

由连系am，is，are构成的句子：变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如：肯定句:Heisastudent.一般疑问句:Isheastudent?否定句:Heisnotastudent.画线提问:对he提问:Whoisastudent?对astudent提问:Whatishe?orWhatdoeshedo?2.由情态动词can,may,should等构成的句子:变一般疑问句时把can,may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可.变否定句时直接在can,may,后面加not即可.例如:肯定句:Shecanswim.一般疑问句:Cansheswim?否定句:Shecannotswim.画线提问:对she提问:Whocanswim?对swim提问:Whatcanshedo?3.由行为动词构成的句子:需要加助词do或does.变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面.变否定句时把don’t/doesn’t放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。例如:肯定句:Theyplayfootballafterschool.

Heplaysfootballafterschool.一般疑问句:Dotheyplayfootballafterschool?

Doesheplayfootballafterschool?否定句:Theydon't(donot)playfootballafterschool.Hedoesn’t’playfootballafterschool.画线提问:对they/he提问:Whoplaysfootballafterschool?

Whoplaysfootballafterschool?对playfootball提问:Whatdotheydoafterschool?Whatdoeshedoafterschool?对afterschool提问:Whendotheyplayfootball?Whendoesheplayfootball?注意：1.在改疑问句时，遇到主语人称是第一人称I、we的需要将人称换成第二人称you2.在改疑问句和否定句中，遇到some和and，将其改为any和or.按要求改写句子：1.Iknowtheanswer.(一般疑问句)

______________________theanswer?Wecanseesomebirds.(一般疑问句)____________see______birds?3.Hedesignsclothes.(一般疑问句)

______he________clothes?4.Therearesomeflowersontheteachers’desk.(一般疑问句)__________________flowersontheteachers’desk?5.Therearesomeapplesonthetree.(否定句)There__________________applesonthetree.6.Ithinkheisveryold.(否定句)I______thinkhe______veryold.7.Pleasecolouritgreen.(否定句)____________colouritgreen.8.Thesedoctorsarehelpful.(变否定句)_____________________________.9.Youmayhavesomehotdogs.(一般疑问句)_________________________________?.11.Thissignmeans“Nosmoking”.(就划线部分提问)What______thissign_________?12.Shelooksyoung.（改一般疑问句）________she_______young?13.Sheisyoung.（改为一般疑问句）________________________?14.Mypencilsareinthepencil-box.(对划线部分提问)____________yourpencils?15.Igetupatsixeveryday.(对划线部分提问)______________________yougetupeveryday?16.Theyliketowalkhome.(改为一般疑问句)______they_______________________________?17.Youshouldaddwateroften.（一般疑问句）____________________wateroften?

6一般疑问句一、什么是一般疑问句1.定义：用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。2.特点：1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头；eg:Isyourfatherateacher?DoesCatherinelikeanimals?CanJennyspeakFrench?2、往往读升调；3、译成汉语，都可以带上“吗”eg:上面三句可分别译为：你父亲是老师吗？凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗？詹妮会说法语吗？二．陈述句和一般疑问句间的转换要将陈述句变成一般疑问句，可以遵循下列步骤：1.看句中有没有be动词（am、is、are、was、were）助动词（do、does、did、have、had）或情态动词（can、must、will、may等），如果有，将其提到句首，句末打上问号即可。eg:Itwasrainyyesterday.→Wasitrainyyesterday?Tom'sfathercanplaythepiano.→CanTom'sfatherplaythepiano?Ihavefinishedmyhomework.→Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?2.如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词，则根据谓语动词的形式借助do的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是：如果谓语动词是原形，则借do；如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式，则借does；如果谓语动词是过去式，则借did.需要注意的是，借does或did后，原句的谓语动词要变回原形。eg：Theygotoschoolbybike.→Dotheygotoschoolbybike?Billgetsupat6:30everyday.→Doesbillgetsupat6:30everyday?Thestudentssawafilmyesterday.→Didthestudentsseeafilmyesterday?陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项陈述句变成一般疑问句除了遵循上述规则以外，还应注意下列几点：1.如果陈述句中有第一人称，则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。eg：Iusuallyhavelunchatschool.→Doyouusuallyhavelunchatschool?Myfatherisplayingsoccer.→Isyourfatherplayingsoccer?2.如果陈述句中有some,则变问句时往往要变成any。eg：Thereissomewaterontheplayground.→Isthereanywaterontheplayground?3.复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句，从句不变。eg：IknowhecomesfromCanada.→DoyouknowhecomesfromCanada?7三.一般疑问句往往采用简短回答由三部分（三个单词）组成，对这三部分（三个单词）的确定可以概括例下：1.第一个词：不是Yes就是No。（有时根据语气的不同，Yes可由Sure,Certainly,Ofcourse等代替.NO可由sorry代替.）2.第二个词：问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致（但必须用主格代词）。eg：Doesshecleanherroomeveryday?Yes,shedoes.IsAnna′sfatheradoctor?No，heisn′t.如果主语是thisthat,回答时用it代替，如果问句中主语these,those,回答时用they′代替。3.第三个词：用什么问，用什么答。即沿用问句中的引导词。CanJimplaysoccer?Yes,hecan.DoesMrBeanspeakEnglish?Yes,hedoes.需要注意问题：（1）.用may引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用can′t或mustn′t用must引导的问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn′t.eg：MayIgototheparknow?Yes,youmay./No,youmustn′t.MustIwashmyclothesnow?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn′t.4．用No开头作否定回答时,结尾要加上not。因为回答必须是三部分，所以否定回答必须缩写，而肯定回答不能缩写。eg:DidThomascomehereyesterday?Yes,hedid./No,hedidn′t.IsLinLininClass3?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn′t.或（No,she′snot）.83、英语句型变化总结练习They

are

good

friends.His

father

goes

to

work

by

bus.

I

play

computer

games

every

night.

I

like

to

read

English.

I

go

to

school

on

foot.

We

have

a

pleasant

home.

We

like

to

climb

the

mountain.

They

go

to

church

on

Sunday.

They

walk

to

school

every

morning.These

cats

are

crying.

They

can

swim.

You

will

be

a

singer.

He

goes

to

school

every

day.He

likes

English.

1、用do

does

be

填空

1>

_____

she

know

all

the

answers

?

Yes

,

she

____

.

No,

she

_____.

2>

_____

the

twins

often

fight

?

Yes

,_____

do.

No,

_____

don’t

3>

_____

your

dad

like

listening

to

music?

Yes

,____

does

.

No,

_____

doesn’t.

4>_____

uncle

Tom

wash

his

car

everyday?

Yes

,

____

does

.

No,

____

doesn’t.5>

_____

you

have

a

new

teacher?

Yes

,

I

______.

No,

I

______.

6>_____

she

a

teacher?

Yes,

she

_____

.

No,

she

_____.

7>

______

you

playing

ball

now?

Yes,

I

______.

No,

I

______.

8>

______

the

pig

like

to

sleep?

Yes,

it

______.

No,

it

_____.

9>

______

five

birds

flying

in

the

sky?

Yes,

they

_____

.No,

____

aren’t.

10>

_____

your

father

smoking

in

the

living

room?

Yes,

____

is

.No,

he

_____.1.Iknowtheanswer.(一般疑问句)

______________________theanswer?Wecanseesomebirds.(一般疑问句)____________see______birds?3.Hedesignsclothes.(一般疑问句)

______he________clothes?4.Therearesomeflowersontheteachers’desk.(一般疑问句)__________________flowersontheteachers’desk?Therearesomeapplesonthetree.(否定句)There__________________applesonthetree.6.Ithinkheisveryold.(否定句)I______thinkhe______veryold.7.Pleasecolouritgreen.(否定句)____________colouritgreen.8.Thesedoctorsarehelpful.(变否定句)_____________________________.9.Youmayhavesomehotdogs.(一般疑问句)_________________________________?.12.Shelooksyoung.（改一般疑问句）________she_______young?13.Sheisyoung.（改为一般疑问句）________________________?16.Theyliketowalkhome.(改为一般疑问句)_____they____________________________?17.Youshouldaddwateroften.（一般疑问句）____________________wateroften?10There

be

句型

定义：There

be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

（注意：therebe就近原则）①

There

is

a

bird

in

the

tree.

树上有一只鸟。

②

There

is

a

teacher

and

many

students

in

our

classroom.

我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。

③

There

are

two

boys

and

a

girl

under

the

tree.

树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

3.

There

be句型与have的区别：(1)

There

be

句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There

be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。

①He

has

two

sons.

他有两个儿子。

②There

are

two

men

in

the

office.

办公室里有两个男人。

(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There

be

句型与其可互换。

例如：A

week

has

seven

days.

=There

are

seven

days

in

a

week.

一个星期有七天。

变脸一：否定句

There

be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not.。There

are

some

pictures

on

the

wall.

→There

aren't

any

pictures

on

the

wall.

=There

are

no

pictures

on

the

wall.

There

is

a

bike

behind

the

tree.

→

There

isn't

a

bike

behind

the

tree.

=There

is

no

bike

behind

the

tree.

变脸二：一般疑问句

There

be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。There

is

some

water

on

Mars.

→

Is

there

any

water

on

Mars?

There

are

some

students

in

the

chass

→Are

there

anystudents

in

the

class?但要注意：改否定句、一般疑问句时当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any。

选择题。1.（

）There_______abookonthetable.

A.is

B.are（

）________thereanappleonyourdesk?A.are

B.is(

)There_______somestudentsintheclassroom.A.are

B.Is（

）There________apencil,abookandtwopensonthetable.A.is

B.are（

）There_______two

apples,oneorangeandonebananaonthetable.

A.is

B.are（

）Arethere________picturesonthewall?

No

,therearen’t________.A.any\

any

Bsome\any

C.some\some（

）Arethere___housesneartheriver?Yes,thereare___.A.some,some

B.any,some

C.any,any

D.some,any（

）Thereis_______bookinhishand.A.no

Bnot用“have,has”或者“thereis,thereare”填空。1.I_____agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.______________manychildrenonthehill.3.He_________amirror.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?8.______________areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike___________?10.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13.Myparents___________somenicepictures.14._____________somemapsonthewall.三、用恰当的be动词填空。

1、There

alotof(许多)sweetsinthebox.2、There

somemilkintheglass.

3、There

somepeopleunderthethebigtree.

4、There

apictureandamaponthewall.

5、There

fourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.11动词第三人称变化规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”如：like--likeslook--looks2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es如：fly--fliesstudy--studies3、以“s,

x,

ch,

sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，如：watch--watchesteach--teaches4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，

如：go--goesdo-doesdrink________

go_______

stay________

make________

look_________have_______

pass_______

carry_______

come________

watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________teach_______wash_________

match

_______guess______

study______

finish_________

go________

snow______

carry_________drink________go_______stay________make________2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.4.______they________(like)theWorldCup?5.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?6._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?7.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.9.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.10.Mike_______(like)cooking.11.They_______(have)thesamehobby.12.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.13.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.14.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.15.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.16.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.17.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.18.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.19.I

________(write)

to

you

as

soon

as

I

_______(get)

to

London.

20.

He

doesn’t

feel

well

and

____________(not

eat)

any

food

this

morning.

21.

He

______

not

_______(see)

me

come

in,

for

he

___________(read)

something

with

great

interest.

22.

I

_________(let)

you

have

the

book

as

soon

as

I

_________(finish)

it.

23.

While

we

________(wait)

for

our

teacher,

a

little

boy

________(run)

up

to

us.

24.

Don’t

make

a

noise.

Grandpa

__________(sleep).

25.It’s

seven

now,

Tom’s

family__________(watch)

TV.

26.

It

________(take)

me

two

hours

to

finish

my

homework

last

night.

27.

What

______

your

mother

_______(do)

at

eight

yesterday

evening?

She

_______(wash)

clothes.28.

_______

it

______

(rain)

when

school

was

over

yesterday?

30.

There

________

(be)

a

football

match

on

TV

this

evening.

31.

They

said

they

________

(visit)

the

Great

Wall

the

next

summer

holiday.

32.

Who

_______

(dance)

the

best

in

your

class?

33.

Will

you

come

if

he

_____________

(not

come)?

34.

The

teacher

told

us

the

earth

__________

(move)

round

the

sun.

35.

They

_______

(have)

a

party

in

the

garden

if

it

________

(not

rain)

tomorrow.

36.I

don’t

know

if

Mr.Wang

______

(go)

to

Shanghai

tomorrow.

12特殊疑问句一.定义：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what,whatcolor,whatnationality,whatday,who二．构成①特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？eg:WheredoyoudostudyEnglish?②特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其他？eg:WhyisyourMumsoangry?③特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？eg:WhatcanIdoforyou?三．回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes／no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。如：-WhoisfromCanada﹖-Helen(is)．-Where'stherestaurant﹖-Nearthestation．-Whydoyoulikekoalas﹖-Becausetheyarecute．2.特殊疑问词全搜索一句话：wh-开头外加能与之结伴同行的名词；how及它的形容词兄弟姐妹们，即如：What（什么），why(为什么)，who(谁)，where(哪里)，which(哪一个)，whatclass(什么课)，whattime(什么时间)，whatnumber(什么号码)；how(怎么样)，howmany(多少)，howold(多大)，howmuch(多少)等。特殊疑问词when问时间who问人whose问主人where问地点which问选择Why问原因what问东西how问情况whattime问时间whatcolour问颜色whatabout问意见whatday问星期whatdate问日期howmuch问价钱howold问年龄howmany问数量whatcolour问颜色howlong问多久howbig问多大howoften问频率13特殊疑问句练习题（一）一、选择正确的单词填空(who,where,when)1._____isthatprettygirl?Sheismysister.2._____areJackandTom?Theyarebehindyou.3._____doyougotoschool?IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.4._____hasabeautifulflower?Johnhasabeautifulflower.5._____arethey?Theyaremyparents.6._____ismymother?Sheisinthelivingroom.7._____areyougoing?Wearegoingtothebakery(面包坊).8._____doJimandWendyplayball?Theyplayballintheafternoon.9._____doeshejog?Hejogsinthepark.10._____areyoufrom?I'mfromChangchuncity.二、就画线部分提问1.Heismyfather.2.Theyareunderthetree.3.IoftenwatchTVafterdinner.(晚饭后)4.Lilyswimsintheswimmingpool.(游泳池)5.Supermanfliesinthesky.6.Ioftenbrushmyteethintheevening.7.AlanlikestoplaywithBill.8.Joe'sfatherplaysbadminton(羽毛球)everyweekend.9.Thesupermarketisneartheschool.10.Thelaptop(笔记本电脑)isonthetable.11.Jenniferhasapairofearrings(耳环).12.Theflowersareintheflowerpot(花盆).13.Mygrandpatookustothezoo.14.Iputthegoldfish(金鱼)intothefishtank(鱼缸).15.The

monkeysleepsatnight.

14特殊疑问句练习（二）一．用whattime,whatcolor,whatday,what填空。1.A:_____________isit?

B:Itisnineo’clock.2.A:_____